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Topic: Runs created

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	Runs created - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Runs created (RC) is a baseball statistic invented by Bill James to estimate the number of runs a hitter contributes to his team.
		Earlier versions of runs created overestimated the number of runs created by players with extremely high A and B factors (on-base and slugging), such as Babe Ruth, Ted Williams and Barry Bonds.
		Runs created is believed to be an accurate measure of an individual's offensive contribution because, when used on whole teams, the formula normally closely approximates how many runs the team actually scores.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Runs_created (872 words)

	Value over replacement player - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Other statistics compare players to the league average, which is good for cross-era analysis (example: 90 runs created in 1915 are much better than 90 RC in 1996, because runs were more scarce in 1915).
		At the other end of the defensive spectrum, first basemen and designated hitters must produce at 85% of average to be considered better than "replacement level," since defense is not a big consideration at either position (it's actually not a consideration at all for the DH).
		Now multiply that number (of runs) by.8, or whatever percentage of average the replacement level is designated to be; the result is the number of runs you could expect a "replacement player" to put up with that number of outs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Value_over_replacement_player (715 words)

	APBA Glossary
		Like runs created, runs contributed is an attempt to measure the overall offensive contribution of a player in terms of the only thing that ultimately counts, number of runs.
		Runs created is an attempt to measure total offensive contribution in terms of runs.
		Runs created is an accumulation stat; the more a player bats, the more runs he creates (assuming he make some positive contribution).
	home.comcast.net /~apbainmaine/apba/APBAgloss.html (896 words)

	[No title]
		The sacrifice fly has dubious run value because it is entirely dependent on a situation not under the batter's control: while a single or a walk or a hit by pitch always has potential run value, a long fly does not unless a man happens to be poised at third base.
		Expected runs are figured on the basis of the pitcher's opposing at-bats, hits, walks, and hit batsmen (doubles and triples estimated at league average).
		RUN BATTED IN Though widely regarded as a good measure of a batter's overall productivity and value to his team, the RBI is extremely situation-dependent, denying equal access to opportunity on the basis of a player's team, slot in the batting order, and particularly the men surrounding him in the batting order.
	www.new-territory.net /baseball_stats.txt (8082 words)

	[No title]
		The number of home runs is recorded for all players and the batter with the largest number of home runs at the end of the season is given special recognition.
		This runs created formula can be used at an individual level to compute the number of runs that a player creates for his team.
		To learn about the relationship between runs scored and the number of wins, James (1982) looked at the number of runs produced, the number of runs allowed, the number of wins and the number of losses during a season for a large number of recent major league teams.
	www-math.bgsu.edu /~albert/papers/saber.html (2742 words)

	‘GottheRuns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Summary: Using Bill James’ ‘Runs Created’ equation applied to likely performance of players (using three year averages) and then extrapolated for a season, the spreadsheet can estimated how many runs a line-up is likely to produce in a year.
		I thought about adjusting for this by making the extra outs runs calculated by the stats of a Joe Average player rather than the averages of the whole line-up but I felt that a better way would be to simply reduce each total by the average margin of error of 5.471%.
		I would like to be able to create a better basis for projections than merely a certain sample of past performance and I am also thinking of using UZR Runs to take into account fielding performance too.
	www.geocities.com /johnwoodfielduk/gottheruns.html (610 words)

	Converted W. Va. Grievance Board Decision
		They assert that if these runs had been posted then they would have bid upon them and received them pursuant to their seniority, and therefore, they would not have been subject to transfer for the 1994-1995 school year.
		The ALJ recognized that a change in the destination of a school bus run cannot, in and of itself, be the determinative factor as to whether a new position has been created.
		The administrative law judge agreed with the grievant and held that the two bus runs were newly created positions; therefore, the aide positions were, likewise, newly created positions which were required to be posted.
	www.state.wv.us /admin/grievanc/decision/dec1995/mullins2.htm (2589 words)

	[No title]
		Remember what we said about how runs are created: the value of the event is the marginal impact on a given specific run environment.
		Since the run environment was 4.3 rpg, then we would expect that all the "good" and "bad" offensive events to have a marginal impact that would cancel each other out overall.
		We will create various run environments, apply the formula that was fixed for the 1974-1990 environment, and see if it holds up against these other run environments.
	www.tangotiger.net /rc2.html (2277 words)

	Deciphering new Runs Created
		The Part 1 expression is the number of runs created that this team of eight players would produce with you added to the team.
		The result is the runs that you create while in a team context.
		Suppose, for example, that the individual runs created estimates for the members of a team were to total up to 500, but the team actually scored 700 runs.
	www.baseballthinkfactory.org /btf/scholars/furtado/articles/NewRC.html (3819 words)

	MRC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Runs scored in that inning are taken to be the ultimate measure of success/failure for a batter/pitcher.
		The idea is to focus on the number of runs that are attributable to an individual player by comparing his contribution to that of the average major league player.
		For instance, with a four run lead it is the probability of the opponent scoring four runs that a manager wants to minimize, not the expected runs scored.
	theory.uchicago.edu /~wmcelgin/blogstuff/mrc.4.html (2239 words)

	USATODAY.com - Runs created stat shows hitter's worth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When the home run was a rare event (before 1920), it was often true that the hitter with the highest average was also the best hitter.
		The batter with most career runs created is Babe Ruth with 2,910, followed by Ty Cobb, Stan Musial, Hank Aaron, Ted Williams and Barry Bonds, who could reach third place by the end of 2004.
		Runs created more accurately describes a hitter's contribution to the amount of runs scored by his team.
	www.usatoday.com /sports/baseball/2004-05-25-runs-created_x.htm (521 words)

	Runs Created -- coincidence? - NetShrine Discussion Forum
		A player with high RBI totals and low run and run shares totals would be somewhat exposed -- I'd guess it would be the all-or-nothing type of hitter, the Dave Kingman type whose RBI totals inflate the perception of his actual contribution.
		I'm not saying that Runs Created doesn't already do those things to some extent, just that run shares would not be based on seasonal averages but on actual innings where runs were scored.
		Run Shares isn't intended to be a predictive measurement but an additional stat on a par with runs and RBI.
	www.netshrine.com /vbulletin2/showthread.php?t=5225 (2014 words)

	Old runs created - NetShrine Discussion Forum
		That assumption is that if you can accurately predict a team's runs by virtue of their batting stats, then you can apply this formula to a player's stats.
		Runs created says that the value of a homer is dependent on how many runners a team has on base.
		Thus, under the old runs created formula, hitters with both high OBP and SLG would overshoot their real totals, the better the hitter, the worse the calculation becomes.
	www.netshrine.com /vbulletin2/showthread.php?t=3220 (436 words)

	MEASURING RUNS CREATED: THE VALUE ADDED APPROACH by Gary R. Skoog
		This article discusses how runs created can be measured from event data (that is, looking at each event in the context of play) rather than from cumulative data, as has been necessary in the past when only category totals were available.
		A drawback is that it gives the leadoff man more than one run created for his home run, which after all does return the team to the beginning state but with an extra run-all of which should yield precisely one run created.
		Similarly, errors create runs for the opposition, and may be accounted for by introducing a fictitious state of errorless play between the events involving the error.
	www.baseballthinkfactory.org /btf/pages/essays/scoog_var.htm (3253 words)

	Kerry's Calculus
		Well, one possible explanation is that the runs created formula isn't particularly accurate as a predictor for runs scored on a team level.
		The runs created method, it should be noted, was developed as a measure of individual, not club, performance.
		In terms of runs created per 27 outs, the Orioles are a solid fourth in the American League.
	www.birdsinthebelfry.com /breaking_down.htm (1699 words)

	Overview of Sabermetrics
		RBI and Runs are important stats of course, but they're counting stats that depend quite a bit on the performance of the hitters around a given player.
		Dividing his 79 runs created by his 500 at bats, we find he creates on average,.158 runs every time he hits.
		Runs, safety hits, errors, etc. And ever since those early days baseball fanatics from all over have used numbers to qualify and debate the value of baseball players.
	my.execpc.com /~silkey/SABR_Primer.htm (1253 words)

	MEASURING THE ACCURACY OF RUNS FORMULAS
		Results are presented using the standard deviation of the difference between the predicted number of runs and the actual runs, the mean of that difference, and the square of the correlation produced by a linear regression equation (coefficient of determination.)
		It doesn't make sense to produce an estimate of runs created to the nearest.01 of a run when the formula is only accurate to the nearest 10 runs.
		In the second part of the study, Runs Created, the only non-linear formula of the four, was much more accurate in some cases, and much less in others, than the other three.
	mysite.verizon.net /brak2.0/runsform.htm (1067 words)

	formulas
		TPR is actually the sum of several other metrics: adjusted batting runs, fielding runs and base stealing runs, all divided by the Runs Per Win Factor for that year, which is the average number of extra runs needed to generate a win over what the average player produces.
		Additional adjustments are made when statistics with men in scoring position are available: divide a player's (or team's) total home runs by the number of at bats.
		Subtract the expected number from the actual number and again add the result to the raw runs created total.
	longgandhi.com /formulas.html (756 words)

	Base Runs Primer - www.scout.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Some interested people have suggested that Base Runs is not user-friendly enough-- there are no 'official' versions, no source for a brief overview, and too many minor differences in the component weights in basic and advanced versions.
		And the model is simply: runs equals baserunners times the proportion of baserunners who score, plus home runs.
		Following the coding of Runs Created, we have the A component (baserunners), the B component (advancement), the C component (outs), and the D component (homers).
	mb3.scout.com /fbaseballfrm8.showMessage?topicID=1045.topic (2182 words)

	ESPN.com: MLB - Giambi vs. Tino: How many more wins?
		If you add up individual Runs Created totals for a particular team, you very closely approximate the team total of runs scored.
		Since Giambi was 54 runs better than Martinez, we divide by 10 and see that Giambi was worth about 5.4 wins more than Martinez.
		Since Giambi makes fewer outs (while creating more runs), it also means more opportunities for his teammates to add runs of their own.
	espn.go.com /mlb/s/2001/1130/1287819.html (726 words)

	Local Sports
		He created the "runs created" statistic, which is defined by multiplying a player's times on base by total bases and then dividing by his plate appearances.
		Seattle Mariners shortstop Alex Rodriguez, who was runner-up to Gonzalez in the MVP voting, was second in "runs created" with 157.
		Vaughn, however, is only 41 "runs created" ahead of the average first baseman, and Gonzalez is only 34 "runs created" ahead of the average outfielder.
	www.texnews.com /sports97/alcol031897.html (641 words)

	BallparkAnalysis.com
		I use Runs Created because it allows us to total up the lineup to see approximately how many runs will be produced by the offense, and compare it to R allowed by pitching/defense to arrive at a reasonable conclusion as to where the players would stand.
		All these players are close in runs created, which is not unexpected.
		These numbers are all well above normal run totals created for a league, so while inexact, dividing by 1.15 to get a number that coincides reasonably with the number of runs a team will score.
	www.ballparkanalysis.com /articles/011204.htm (1045 words)

	Estimated Runs Produced Advocacy
		To determine if a runs produced formula is accurate, you can run the formula on an actual team's stats, and see if the result is the number of runs that the team scored.
		Bill James compared Estimated Runs Produced to Runs Created on 100 teams from 1955 to 1975 and found that while Runs Created was more accurate for 56 of the 100 teams, Estimated Runs Produced had a smaller gross error (18.4 runs per team vs 19.3 runs per team).
		I was surprised that despite its accuracy and simplicity, Bill James still used his own Runs Created formula in his future books, and as far as I can tell never mentioned ERP again.
	www.stephent.com /jays/erp.html (1429 words)

	Batting Glossary - Baseball-Reference.com
		A runs estimator attempts to quantify the entire contribution of a player's statistics to a team's total runs scored.
		- Runs Created per 27 outs - This is the number of runs a team of each player would score given their stats.
		The BPF is set up for runs and the way it is implemented in PRO+ applies it to something other than runs.
	www.baseball-reference.com /about/bat_glossary.shtml (1387 words)

	Dan Agonistes
		As I wrote about in my series on run estimators James changed his Runs Created formula for his 2002 book Win Shares in order to place the hitter in a neutral offensive context and remove the bias that Runs Created typically creates for teams and players with high total base and walk totals.
		I'm not sure if he's being facicous here but obviously, this is most similar system in concept to Batting Runs where offensive events are weighted by their value in producing runs.
		In other words the White Sox were the most efficient team in baseball in 2004 scoring 6% more runs than their offensive elements would otherwise indicate (they scored 865 runs when the RC formula said 819).
	danagonistes.blogspot.com /2005/01/bill-james-2005-handbook.html (1813 words)

	ESPN.com: MLB - MLB Stats Glossary
		Runs created per 27 outs (Estimates how many runs per game a team made up of nine of the same player would score)
		Opponents' runs scored (average, per nine innings pitched) while the pitcher of record.
		Team's runs scored (average, per 9 innings pitched) while the pitcher of record
	espn.go.com /mlb/statistics/glossary.html (597 words)

	COMPLETE (AKA SABERMETRIC) BASEBALL ENCYCLOPEDIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Leader lists can be created using a combination of different stats.
		In addition to conventional leader lists, you can create leader lists based on comparisons between each player to his league average.
		Leader lists can be created for seasons with whatever criteria you want.
	www.baseball-encyclopedia.com (1435 words)

	THT Glossary
		This stat is based on the number of home runs allowed divided by total number of batters faced, times the average number of batters per game in that specific league (generally around 38 batters a game).
		The notion behind Pitching Runs Created is that a run saved is worth more than a run scored, and PRC puts runs saved on the same scale as runs scored.
		Research has shown that home runs allowed are pretty much a function of flyballs allowed and home park, so xFIP is based on the average number of home runs allowed per outfield fly, and adjusted for the home run tendencies of the ballpark.
	www.hardballtimes.com /main/statpages/glossary (1981 words)

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