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Topic: Rupture of membranes

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	Rupture of membranes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rupture of membranes is a term used during pregnancy of the reproductive female to describe a rupture of membranes.
		A premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture that occurs prior to labour in childbirth.
		In terms premature rupture of membranes situations, spontaneous labour should be permitted, with an induction of labour at approximately 6 hours if it has not already begun, and Group B Streptococcal prophylaxis at 18 hours.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rupture_of_membranes (254 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| 'Perinatal outcome in preterm premature rupture of membranes with Amniotic fluid index < 5 ...
		When the fetal membranes rupture at term or before, the options are expectant management (with close observation for signs of labor, non reassuring fetal-heart-rate patterns, or intrauterine infection) or induction of labor [10,11].
		Preterm premature rupture of the membranes is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
		Mercer BM: Preterm premature rupture of the membranes.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2393/4/15 (2087 words)

	eMedicine - Premature Rupture of Membranes : Article by Paul T Wilkes, MD
		Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is associated with 30-40% of preterm deliveries and is the leading identifiable cause of preterm delivery.
		PROM is rupture of the membranes (ROM) prior to the onset of labor.
		PROM is ROM prior to 37 weeks of gestation and may imply that the patient is in labor.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3246.htm (2655 words)

	Premature Rupture of Membranes
		The premature rupturing of membranes is a serious matter since it results in a preterm birth. Dr. Brian M. Mercer, of the University of Tennessee, in Memphis, and investigators for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development have now identified three factors which predispose a pregnant woman to this problem.
		If all three factors were present she was 31.3 times more likely to experience a preterm birth due to rupture of membranes before 35 weeks than a woman with none of these risk factors.
		Mercer notes that a previous preterm birth caused by premature rupture of membranes is more of an indicator that the premature rupture will happen again than is a previous preterm birth due to preterm labor.
	www.childbirthsolutions.com /articles/news/premature.php (240 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Rupture of the Membranes
		The rupture of the membranes is the breaking of the membranes containing the foetus and amniotic fluid, usually followed by the first stage of birth: labour.
		Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) refers to leakage of amniotic fluid in the absence of labor irrespective of gestational age.
		There is evidence to suggest that when the membranes are stressed, either by internal pressure due to labor or by infection, they are weakened and have an increased susceptibility to premature rupture.
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/labor_complications/rupture_membranes.html (310 words)

	Premature Rupture of Membranes Management - Patient UK
		Premature rupture of membranes is the rupture of the membranes prior to the onset of labour.
		Preterm premature rupture of the membranes is the rupture of membranes prior to the onset of labour in a patient who is at less than 37 weeks gestation.
		Klein JM; Neonatal morbidity and mortality secondary to premature rupture of membranes.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40024668 (788 words)

	Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
		The topic of premature rupture of membranes (hereafter referred to as PROM) is one of particular interest to me because its occurrence was the ultimate cause of my cesarean.
		At the time my membranes ruptured (or more accurately leaked), there was no helpful information to be found in any of my mainstream books except that one should go directly to a hospital, which is exactly what I did.
		The syndrome is characterized by maternal fever, uterine tenderness, a foul-smelling vaginal discharge, rapid fetal heartbeat, and maternal leukocytosis (30).
	www.childbirthsolutions.com /articles/pregnancy/prom/index.php (2336 words)

	Cellular cryobiology and anhydrobiology - physical stresses in cells at low temperature and/or low hydration
		Another cause of rupture may be electrical: the large transient electric field associated with an advancing ice front in a weak electrolyte solution causes a potential difference across the cells, which is large enough to rupture membranes, and which is correlated with rupture (Steponkus et al., 1985).
		Once the membrane stretches and its tension increases, membrane material is incorporated into the membrane at a rate which is a strong function of the applied tension (Wolfe and Steponkus, 1983).
		The colligative effects of membranes are usually described in terms of the inter- membrane repulsion and the inter-membrane separation.
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /~jw/cryoblurb.html (7047 words)

	Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes
		Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pPROM) is the classic case when a normal pregnancy becomes suddenly a high-risk one for mother and fetus/neonate.
		The histopathology of the placenta, AL and membranes revealing the presence of germs were associated with pre-term birth at a rate of 23% (45; 48).
		The clinical outcome of prterm premature rupture of membranes in twin versus singleton pregnancies.
	www.gfmer.ch /Endo/PGC_network/Preterm_premature_rupture_Gjoni.htm (3093 words)

	Rupture of the membranes, Eastern Carolina
		During pregnancy, your membranes break (rupture) when a hole or tear develops in the fluid-filled bag (amniotic sac) that surrounds and protects the fetus.
		Your membranes can break by themselves (spontaneous rupture of the membranes), or they may be ruptured by the doctor or nurse-midwife to start or speed up labor (artificial rupture of the membranes).
		To rupture your amniotic sac (amniotomy), your health professional inserts a sterile plastic device into your vagina; the device may look like a long crochet hook, or it may be a smaller hook attached to the finger of a sterile glove.
	www.uhseast.com /172355.cfm (636 words)

	Premature Rupture Of Membranes - Detroit, Michigan
		The membranes that hold amniotic fluid (the water surrounding the baby) usually break at the end of the first stage of labor.
		Although some of the fluid is lost when the membranes rupture, the baby continues to produce more, so it may continue to leak all day.
		If the doctor confirms that your membranes have ruptured, you may have to be admitted into the hospital.
	www.henryfordhealth.org /116308.cfm (581 words)

	Artificial Rupture of Membranes: UK Midwifery Archives
		Having said that I did rupture membranes last week - it was a first twin and when we had a grapefruit-sized bag of membranes hanging out and I could feel the head at the vulva I did rupture them with a hook.
		The second twin's membranes ruptured as the breech was at the vulva.
		In case were the membranes rupture spontaneously and the labour is not tetanic nor is there any other risk for abruption eg Hypertension, then the amniotic fluid will be prevented from entering the sinuses by the placenta.
	www.radmid.demon.co.uk /arm.htm (3669 words)

	OBGYN.net Journal Review: Premature rupture of membranes at 34 to 37 weeks' gestation: Aggressive versus conservative ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Results: Estimated gestational age at rupture of membranes (34.3 ± 1.4 weeks vs. 34.5 ± 1.4 weeks) and ultrasonographically estimated fetal weight (2230 ± 321 gm vs 2297 ± 365 gm) were equivalent between groups (not significant).
		Conclusion: Aggressive management of preterm premature rupture of the membranes at „34 weeks 0 days of gestation by induction of labor is safe for the infant in our population and avoids maternal-neonatal infectious complications.
		Eligible participants were gravidas with documented rupture of membranes from 34 to 36 6/7 weeks gesatation by good dating criteria or with a sonographically estimated fetal weight between 1800 and 2500 g.
	www.obgyn.net /jr/review21.htm (1778 words)

	Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Spontaneous Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes -- Yang et al. 104 (12): 537 -- ...
		Degree of oligohydramnios and pregnancy outcome in patients with premature rupture of the membranes.
		Association of oligohydramnios in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes with an inflammatory response in fetal, amniotic and maternal compartments.
		Ampicillin prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective randomized study.
	www.jaoa.org /cgi/content/full/104/12/537 (2493 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 18, Ch. 253, Abnormalities And Complications Of Labor And Delivery
		Rupture of the membranes >= 1 h before onset of labor.
		Prompt delivery after premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) because of risk of neonatal infection is no longer performed unless the pregnancy is at term.
		Diagnosis of PROM is confirmed when fluid is seen escaping from the cervix or when fetal vernix or meconium is observed; other less reliable tests are determination of pH with Nitrazine paper (amniotic fluid is alkaline, turning it blue) and microscopic examination for ferning in fluid dried on a glass slide.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section18/chapter253/253c.jsp (249 words)

	Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
		In some preterm pregnancies, the period after the rupture until delivery may extend into weeks, or even months.
		Outcome for a preterm rupture varies depending on the length of the pregnancy.
		On rare occasions, the leakage will cease, and the membranes are said to "seal over." The amniotic fluid reaccumulates.
	www.wramc.amedd.army.mil /education/pat_edu/womenhlth/pregnancy/prematurerupturememb.htm (538 words)

	prom
		proportion of preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes.
		In prolonged rupture of membranes, the incidence is 3 - 15 % and it appears to be
		Oral ritodrine and preterm premature rupture of membranes.
	www.hygeia.org /poems16.htm (2694 words)

	Premature Rupture Of Membranes \| AHealthyMe.com
		Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is an event that occurs during pregnancy when the sac containing the developing baby (fetus) and the amniotic fluid bursts or develops a hole prior to the start of labor.
		Sometimes the membranes burst before the start of labor, and this is called premature rupture of membranes (PROM).
		Amnionitis is an infection of the amniotic membrane.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100587340 (1639 words)

	Premature Rupture of Membranes
		If rupture of the membranes happens during the mature, later part of the pregnancy, and if labor doesn't spontaneously ensue, then labor can be induced so as to effect delivery before infection becomes severe.
		This is because the clock is ticking after rupture of the membranes, the onset of infection of the baby in many cases dependent on time of exposure.
		The reason rupture of membranes before term is so serious is because when it happens before a baby's lungs mature, a premature birth can result in a baby being placed on a ventilator.
	gynob.com /prom.htm (1591 words)

	Health Concern During Pregnancy
		The membranes surrounding the fetus bulge down into the opening of the cervix until they break, resulting in the loss of the baby or a very premature delivery.
		If your membranes rupture, you are likely to feel a gush or trickle of fluid out of your vagina.
		When the membranes rupture this early in pregnancy, a doctor will try to delay the onset of labor for as long as it is safe for the baby.
	www.womenfitness.net /labor_and_delivery.htm (976 words)

	PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This bag is also called the "membranes" or amniotic sac and keeps your baby safe.
		It is called premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) if labor does not start.
		The membranes may break early if the baby is in a breech position (feet first).
	www.medformation.com /ac/mm_qdis.nsf/qd/nd0215g.htm (358 words)

	Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) / Preterm Pr \| Cooper University Hospital (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		/ Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) / Preterm Pr Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) / Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
		Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture (breaking open) of the membranes (amniotic sac) before labor begins.
		Rupture of the membranes near the end of pregnancy (term) may be caused by a natural weakening of the membranes or from the force of contractions.
	www.cooperhealth.org /content/greystone_17430.asp (644 words)

	Premature Rupture of Membranes - Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Premature Rupture of Membranes - Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		If PROM occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy, it is called preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
		A significant risk of PPROM is that the baby is very likely to be born within one week of the membrane rupture.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?root_id=-8921&id=-8951 (562 words)

	MoonDragon Birthing Guidelines - Prelabor Rupture of Membranes at Term
		Prelabor rupture of membranes is defined as spontaneous rupture of membranes with no contractions for greater than 24 hours.
		The breaking of the membranes (bag of waters) usually occurs after labor has started and is in progress.
		If ROM is diagnosed, the midwife should discuss potential risks and options of management with the client.
	www.moondragon.org /mdbsguidelines/prom2.html (2714 words)

	Prelabour rupture of membranes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A detailed description of the trial was given in the initial report.7 In brief, we studied women with prelabour rupture of the membranes at term.
		Women were screened or eligibility (ruptured membranes, gestational age of at least 37 weeks and a single fetus in cephalic presentation) and randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 management strategies.
		of spontaneous rupture of the membranes in the absence of labour in
	users.gsat.net.au /stubbs/Prelabour_ROM.html (3500 words)

	Discovery Health :: Premature Rupture of Membranes During Pregnancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The membranes that hold the amniotic fluid usually break early in labor.
		If your water breaks before then, this is called premature rupture of the membranes (PROM).
		Your doctor probably will tell you to go to the hospital so that she can examine you and perhaps do tests to confirm that your membranes have ruptured.
	health.discovery.com /centers/pregnancy/americanbaby/rupture.html (484 words)

	Prelabor Rupture of Membranes - PROM
		Prelabour rupture of the membranes at or near term - Clinical and epidemiologicl studies by Lars Ladfors, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden.
		Antioxidants and preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes.
		One of the things I think about with ROM, bathing and the risk of infection is that when a non-pregnant women baths her vaginal muscles are firm, her cervix sits high and usually posterior to the vaginal opening, her vagina is dry and her uterus is as closed as it gets.
	www.gentlebirth.org /archives/prom.html (8708 words)

	PRELABOR RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AT TERM: INDUCE OR WAIT? - Journal Watch (General) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Comment: These authors conclude that induction of labor and expectant management are both "reasonable options" for women with prelabor rupture of membranes at term.
		Hannah ME; et al Induction of labor compared with expectant management for prelabor rupture of the membranes at term N Engl J Med 1996 Apr 18; 334:1005-1010.
		Duff P Premature rupture of the membranes at term N Engl J Med 1996 Apr 18; 334:1053-1054.
	genmed.jwatch.org /cgi/content/full/1996/503/1 (205 words)

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