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	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Rural Electrification Administration
		R.E.A. loans furnished the incentive for rural electric cooperatives to form and connect to the existing electrical network at rates comparable to the national average.
		R.E.A. cooperatives quickly became one of the largest capital investment projects of the New Deal, and low-cost financing for construction of electrical supply infrastructure was the key provision of the program (Brown, 1980, p 41).
		Rural electric cooperatives account for a much smaller portion of revenue per mile of wire ($7,873) than investor or publicly owned electrical utilities, and a greater portion of distribution plant investment per consumer ($2,352).
	www.eh.net /encyclopedia?article=malone.electrification.administration.rural (2111 words)

	Rural Utilities Service - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rural Electrification Administration (REA) was a department of the United States federal government created on 11 May 1935 through efforts of the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
		The REA's task was to promote electrification in rural areas, which in the 1930s rarely were provided with electricity due to the cost of stringing electric lines to farmsteads.
		Many were critical of the decision, in particular private electricity utilities, who argued that the government had no right to compete with private enterprise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rural_Electric_Administration (271 words)

	AllRefer.com - Rural Electrification Administration (U.S. Government) - Encyclopedia
		The REA was created (1935) by executive order as an independent federal bureau, authorized by the Congress in 1936, and later (1939) reorganized as a division of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
		To implement those goals the administration made long-term, self-liquidating loans to state and local governments, to farmers' cooperatives, and to nonprofit organizations; no loans were made directly to consumers.
		In 1949 the REA was authorized to make loans for telephone improvements; in 1988, REA was permitted to give interest-free loans for job creation and rural electric systems.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/RuralEle.html (300 words)

	Rural Electrification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Private utility companies, who supplied electric power to most of the nation's consumers, argued that it was too expensive to string electric lines to isolated rural farmsteads.
		Rural electrification was based on the belief that affordable electricity would improve the standard of living and the economic competitiveness of the family farm.
		Rural electrification did not halt the continuing migration of rural people from the country to the city.
	newdeal.feri.org /tva/tva10.htm (500 words)

	Welcome!
		The Nebraska Rural Electric Association (NREA) is the private non-profit trade association for 35 rural electric systems that provide electric service to consumers in most of the rural areas and many of the small towns in the great State of Nebraska.
		In the 1930s, rural leaders took on the enormous task of building the electric utility infrastructure in Nebraska that would provide themselves and their neighbors with reliable and affordable electricity.
		Nebraska’s rural electric leaders will meet these challenges and will continue to be guided by their customer’s desire for reliable, high-quality electric service at affordable rates.
	www.nrea.org (367 words)

	Egyptian Electric Cooperative Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		REA recognized early on that standardization would be required to ensure the cooperatives were efficient, accountable, properly managed and safe.
		REA developed material, construction and inspection standards the electric cooperatives were required to adhere to if they wanted to remain an REA borrower.
		REA developed the two-wire vertical construction standard that is still in use today to eliminate the need of cross-arms on single-phase construction.
	www.egyptianelectric.coop /REA.htm (999 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
		rural electrification at first seemed to offer the large-scale project that was needed, since only 10 percent of the nation's farms then had central-station electricity.
		By January 1, 1965, the REA borrowers and investor-owned utilities had more than reversed the statistics on rural electrification-instead of only 2 percent of Texas farms with electricity, there were only 2 percent without electricity.
		By 1966 REA loans had financed seventy-seven distribution systems in Texas (seventy-six cooperatives and the Rural Electric Division of Bryan) and two generation and transmission cooperatives.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/RR/dpr1.html (869 words)

	About UCEMC
		The REA, (now Rural Utilities Service, RUS), was created to loan federal money to rural electric cooperatives formed by rural people to provide to themselves electric power and to assist in the development and operation of such cooperatives.
		Rural electric cooperatives were to be owned and governed by the people served by them.
		The Upper Cumberland Electric Membership Corporation, UCEMC, was formed by citizens of the Upper Cumberland Region led by R. Royster, H. Kemp, J. Jellicorse and Lee Harris from Smith County, J. Cassetty and Guy Maddux from Jackson County and Solon McDonald from Putnam County.
	ucemc.com /about_ucemc.htm (658 words)

	Rio Grande Electric Cooperative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Rural Electric Administration, known to many as the R.E.A. is now a part of history.
		The fact that many people still refer to their co-op as "the R.E.A.", is a strong statement about the importance it played in our nation's rural history, and the impact it made on many families.
		The R.E.A. was the governmental agency which provided loans to start the consumer electric cooperatives which we still depend upon today.
	www.riogrande.coop /pr/reaabolished.htm (646 words)

	OSCN Found Document:CITY OF TAHLEQUAH v. LAKE REGION ELECTRIC, CO-OP, INC.
		Rural Electric Administration, [REA] was named as party-defendant because it owns a security interest in the property sought to be condemned.
		If full consumer choice in the supply of electric power and energy is implemented in this state on or before July 1, 2002, the municipal condemnation provisions authorizing municipalities with electric utilities to condemn the facilities or rural electric cooperatives contained in Section 437.2 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes.
		Upon such enactment of electric restructuring enabling legislation and implementation of consumer choice of retail electric energy suppliers, the municipal condemnation provisions authorizing municipalities with electric utilities to condemn the facilities of rural electric cooperatives contained in Section 437.2 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes.
	www.oscn.net /applications/oscn/deliverdocument.asp?cite=2002+OK+2 (4283 words)

	Electricity coops improved life on the farm - A Q-C Century - Progress 99
		Ghys said she was one of the lucky people in Illinois to live in the rural area served by the Farmers Mutual Electric Company, based in Geneseo, the first electric cooperative in the state to provide electricity to its members.
		Today, 25 of the original 27 Rural Electric Administration cooperatives exist in the state, according to John Freitag, vice president of the Association of Illinois Electric Cooperatives, based in Springfield.
		Farmers Mutual was the first Illinois electric cooperative to organize, the first to apply for and receive REA financing, the first to energize lines, the first to be sued by an investor-owned utility to halt line construction and the first to have 10 percent of its lines placed underground, he said.
	www.qconline.com /progress99/2rea.shtml (765 words)

	REA Lesson
		These "before" and "after" pictures were taken by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA) to show the changes brought to farm families when they received electric service.
		Hyperbolic statements that described electricity as a 'good fairy' whose magical powers were released by the 'touch of a button' gave the impression that women's household work would virtually disappear with the acquisition of high-line electric power.
		Such statements not only exaggerated the extent to which electric power would transform housekeeping but more subtly reinforced the notion that women's domestic labor - so easily replaced - was less important than the work farm men performed.
	www.mnhs.org /school/historyday/lessons/rea/story/electappliance.html (425 words)

	Electrification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A more specific usage of the word refers to the act or process of building the necessary infrastructure to supply electric power to homes and businesses, especially in rural and isolated areas or the changeover of a railway from (typically) diesel-powered locomotives to electric locomotives.
		In the United States, widespread rural electrification began with the establishment of the Rural Electric Administration (REA) in 1935 and its associated local Rural Electric Cooperatives.
		This page was last modified 20:09, 28 June 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electrification (157 words)

	A BRIEF HISTORY
		Rural citizens of America were rightfully seeking to obtain electric service in order that they might receive benefits and conveniences that their city cousins had enjoyed for years.
		The purpose of the Rural Electric Administration was to make long-term, low-interest rate loans to existing electric utility companies to construct lines into rural areas to supply the vitally needed electric power.
		On April 7, 1938 a small group of rural leaders from Graves County met at the Stovall Building in Mayfield and officially organized the West Kentucky Rural Electric Cooperative Corporation for the purpose of making electricity available in the surrounding rural area.
	www.wkrecc.com /HISTORY.htm (840 words)

	Minnesota Statutes 2004, 216B.026
		(b) For a cooperative electric association that is the product of a merger or consolidation of three or more associations between December 30, 1996, and January 1, 2001, the number of members or stockholders necessary to initiate the petition shall be no less than one percent of the members or stockholders of the association.
		Petitions shall include a uniform statement that petition signers are requesting a balloting of the association membership on the question of regulation of electric rates of the association by the commission.
		The ballot to be used for the election shall be approved by the board of directors of the association and the department.
	www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us /stats/216B/026.html (627 words)

	TVA Kids: History of Electricity
		In 1752, to prove that lightning was electrical, he flew a kite during a thunderstorm.
		He tied a metal key onto the string and, as he suspected it would, electricity from the storm clouds flowed down the string, which was wet, and he received an electrical shock.
		In 1879, the American inventor Thomas Edison was finally able to produce a reliable, long-lasting electric light bulb in his laboratory.
	www.tvakids.com /electricity/history.htm (447 words)

	MDJonline.com - Marietta, Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Federal Communications Commission have formed a partnership to bring wireless technology to rural areas, and the FCC announced in November that it would expand wireless-device frequencies to clear the way for more rural high-speed connections.
		Rural residents are hungry for high-speed Internet connections, said Carl Peedy, president of Tri-State Broadband, a suburban Atlanta company that has assisted Adel and Georgia's other wireless communities - Nahunta, Pelham and Ellaville.
		Rural communities are finding that high-speed Internet access is an essential business tool that can help attract and keep industries.
	www.mdjonline.com /articles/2004/02/21/90/10134986.txt (734 words)

	Tipmont Our First 60 Years
		During the 1930s the people in rural America wanted to have the modern convenience of electricity to their homes and farms.
		As a part of their rural electric system this building is dedicated to the farmers to whom it supplies the blessing of electricity.” This building served Tipmont REMC needs for 30 years.
		Some of the electrical appliances were ranges, water heaters, refrigerators, washing machines, pumps, radios, vacuum sweepers, corn poppers, irons, clocks, toasters, mixers, waffle irons, sewing machines, coffee makers, electric motors, poultry water warmers, percolators and heaters.
	www.tipmont.org /GeneralInfo/60years.htm (2654 words)

	Articles and Featured Stories - Energyforum to empower the individual in the energy market (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		ccess to a strategic electricity supply was a critical element behind the second industrial revolution, allowing a whole new set of industries to emerge, and radically altering the production processes of every old industry.
		As demand for electricity increases by an estimated 70% by the year 2020, there will be a pressing need for new power plants both to accommodate the new demand and to replace power plants reaching the end of their useful lives.
		ringing renewable energy to millions of rural families in the developing world is a massive undertaking, requiring thousands of small businesses capable of installing and maintaining systems.
	www.energyforum.net /feature/feat229.shtml (1028 words)

	Rural Electric
		Earlier this year, Walden was instrumental in passing legislation to streamline the energy purchasing process for small, rural co-ops throughout Oregon and the Pacific Northwest.
		"Electric co-ops, which are owned by their customers, have played a vital role in bringing power to rural Oregon.
		Walden was a leading advocate for a bill to allow electric co-ops to form Joint Operating Entities to streamline the purchase of power from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA).
	www.house.gov /walden/press/releases/2000/nov/pr113000.html (249 words)

	Atlanta,Georgia,11Alive,ATLANTA,News,Weather,Doppler,sports,events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Some are comparing the community broadband movement to efforts that began in the late 1800s and continued through the 1930s to bring electricity to America's small towns and rural areas.
		By the 1930s, 90 percent of urban residents had electricity, compared to 10 percent of rural dwellers.
		Rural residents are hungry for high-speed Internet connections, said Carl Peedy, president of Tri-State Broadband, a suburban Atlanta company that has assisted Adel and Georgia's other wireless communities -- Nahunta, Pelham and Ellaville.
	www.11alive.com /news/printarticle.aspx?storyid=43270 (737 words)

	PRPA: Learn More / TYPES OF ELECTRIC UTILITIES
		The electric utility industry consists of a variety of entities which have different organizational structures but which collectively produce and distribute essentially all of the electricity in the United States.
		REAs serve most of the rural areas in Colorado and although they serve about 90% of the geographic area, they only serve about 18% of the power customers.
		The REAs get a major portion of their funding through low interest loans from the Rural Electric program.
	www.prpa.org /learnmore/types.htm (440 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Prior to the mid-thirties much of rural America was without electric power.
		This condition was due to the density of population not being sufficient to support investor owned, for-profit, utilities to make the necessary investments in the rural areas in order that they could return a profit.
		In the spring of 1953 Henry County REMC became the nation’s first REMC to pay off their debt to the Rural Electric Administration.
	www.henrycountyremc.com /history.html (240 words)

	About (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		In the fall of 1944, a group of rural families came together to explore the possibility of bringing electric service to outlying areas of Highlands, Glades, Okeechobee and Hendry counties.
		President Roosevelt, having just introduced the Rural Electric Administration, had provided for these visionaries a means to light up their homes.
		Providing quality electric service is their primary business, but being a partner in the many quality of life issues in the area is the foundation of the cooperative way of doing business.
	www.gladesec.com /about.htm (1312 words)

	A brief history of Sumter Electric Cooperative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		To try to provide electricity to the rural areas, and to provide employment during hard economic times.
		The idea was to provide federal REA loans to established utility companies to stimulate the extension of power lines into rural areas.
		Electricity was so new, it took some time to adjust to the whole idea of how it worked.
	www.sumter-electric.com /coop/history.htm (1065 words)

	Shelby Energy
		Electric cooperatives serve 10.8 percent of the nation's population, accounting for 7.4 percent of electric energy sold and 5 percent of electricity generated by the electric utility industry.
		As a Shelby Energy customer, you are part-owner of the cooperative and may exercise control through the election of directors and by voting on issues at the cooperative's annual meeting held in June or July.
		The cooperative was formed in 1937 primarily to serve the rural areas of Shelby, Henry and Trimble counties.
	www.shelbyenergy.com (330 words)

	Oklahoma Farmers Union \| Cooperatives and Organizations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		We reaffirm our support for the Rural Electric Cooperatives and urge Congress to provide ample insured and guaranteed loan funds to meet the bonafide needs of REC and its customers.
		Make certain rural Oklahomans gain the benefits of "competition" while prohibiting the discriminatory aspects of "competition" that left rural Oklahomans in the dark a few decades ago.
		We oppose any effort, congressional or administrative, to weaken or dispose of our rural electric cooperatives or federally owned power generating facilities.
	www.farmersandranchers.com /policy_cooperatives.html (450 words)

	January 2005 Cover Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Electric cooperatives also are widely recognized for their charitable support and contributions, winning national awards for their efforts.
		Electric cooperatives differ from their large industrial counterparts, such as Duke Energy and Progress Energy, in that they are owned by their members, who elect a board of directors to set rates and policies.
		The North Carolina Electric Membership Corp. (NCEMC) is the third-largest electric cooperative utility in the United States, based on its 2003 annual revenues of $773 million, says Rick Martinez, manager of corporate communications.
	www.nccbi.org /NCMagazine/2005/mag-01-05cover.htm (3762 words)

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