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	Russian-American Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 20-year revolving charter granted the company monopoly over trade in Russian America, which included the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the territory down to 55° N latitude.
		The explorer and government official Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel, who had been administrator of Russian government interests in Russian America a decade before, was the first president of the company during the government period.
		The company ceased its commercial activities in 1867, when the Alaska Purchase transferred control of Alaska to the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian-American_Company (297 words)

	RUSSIAN AMERICAN COMPANY. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The charter granted the merchant-dominated company monopoly trading privileges in Russian America, which included the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the territory down to 55° N lat.
		The company failed, however, in its intention to create a large, settled population of Russians.
		The company was officially dissolved in 1867 when Alaska was sold to the United States.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ru/RussianA.html (161 words)

	Russian American Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Russian-American Company was founded by the Russian government in the 19th century to explore the territories of Alaska and the Pacific Coast of North America belonging to or disputed by the Russian Empire, from the Aleutians to California.
		Sitka was the captial of Russian America before it was transferred to the USA in 1867 to become the territory (and eventually the state) of Alaska.
		The emblem is yet a variation of the Russian coat of arms, the eagle clutching the ends of a scroll that reads "Россійской Америк: Кампа", the abbreviated form of the name of this chartered company (note the pre-1918 spelling).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ru_rac.html (838 words)

	Russian Administration of Alaska - 4
		For many Russian statesmen the duty of natives to work for the Russian American Company, even with pay, appeared as a kind of bondage or forced labor for the benefit of a private enterprise, and as such it was incompatible with the new legal order.
		Thus the vessels of the Company undertook the task of the exploration of the river Amur.
		Thus the Russian American Company was no longer needed as a cover for Russian expansion and, in addition, it ceased to be self-supporting and threatened to become a burden for the Russian finances, which were also in bad shape at that time, after the Crimean war.
	www.alaskool.org /projects/native_gov/documents/russian_admin/Rus_4.htm (3607 words)

	New Documents on the Russian-American Company : "Meeting of Frontiers" Conference (European Reading ...
		A new understanding of Russian and American colonization, revealing their differences and similarities, is explored in the project Meeting of Frontiers, which serves as an essential instrument for all who are interested in the subject, scholars and laymen alike.
		Presently it is possible to reconstruct the balance history of the RAC from its foundation until almost 1885 (shareholders continued to receive dividends after the company's liquidation with the sale of Alaska in 1867).
		The documents of this formative period for the RAC, marked by the activity of the Golikov-Shelikhov Company and the United American Company, are preserved in different collections of documents (hereafter referred to as F) at the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region (SAIR), f.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/mofc/petrov.html (1339 words)

	Russian Settlement at Fort Ross, California, in the 19th Century
		The presence of Russian fur hunters in the North Pacific induced Spain to occupy Alta California in 1769.
		Another Russian, Mikhail Nevodchikov, reached Attu (the westernmost Aleutian island) on September 25, 1745, becoming the first of the flood of fur hunters to reach territory that was later to become part of the United States.
		Outside the walls were the homes of company laborers, a native Alaskan village, and the dwellings of the local native Americans, whom we refer to today as the Kashaya Pomo.
	www.parks.sonoma.net /rosshist.html (1959 words)

	Fort Ross: Historic Russian Fort in California
		Russian expansion into North America in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was the farthest phase of a protracted movement eastward begun by Moscow in the mid-sixteenth century.
		Because the sea otter population was declining in Russian waters, this treasure in pelts stimulated Russia's movement eastward.
		American President James Monroe, however, seized upon this appearance of a Russian expansionist threat to rally support for his hemispheric noncolonization principle, embodied in his famous doctrine of 1823.
	online.ohlone.cc.ca.us /english/eng163/FortRoss.html (4670 words)

	Russian America
		Shelekhov established the first Russian settlement on the Island of Kodiak in 1783 and was also a head of the first Russian agricultural colony "the Glory of Russia" (now Yakutat).
		In 1808 the Company headquarters were relocated from St. Paul harbour of Kodjak Island to the new centre of the Russian America — New Archangel built in 1804 (now — Sitka).
		Russian America still lives in their language, culture and everyday life, even now, more then 130 years after the Russian Empire sold all its north American possessions to the United States of America, and the Russian America became another integral part of the nation of America.
	www.consulrussia.org /Culture/Eng/rus-am.htm (852 words)

	Russian American Company
		The Russian American Company was a semi-official corporation set up by the Russian government to regulate the fur trade and other commercial enterprises in Alaska and other Pacific-Northwest parts of North America, from 1799 until 1861.
		It was a colonial charter company like the English and Dutch East India Companies, and the ones that founded the colonies on the U.S. eastern seaboard.
		I understand that there is at least one surviving example in Moscow, and the legend on the ribbon reads «of the Russian American Company».
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/ru_rac.html (594 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Russian American Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		RUSSIAN AMERICAN COMPANY [Russian American Company] colonial trading company, chartered by Czar Paul I in 1799.
		Under Aleksandr Baranov, who governed the region (1800-1818), a permanent settlement was established at Sitka and a thriving fur trade organized.
		Traders and soldiers in Russian America.(the Russian-American Company instituted enlightenment ideals in dealings with Alaskan Native Americans)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r/russiana.asp (357 words)

	The Russian American Company in Hawaii - ExploreNorth
		There clearly was a requirement for a reliable source of food for Alaska - as early as 1806, the Russians had purchased grain from the Spanish at San Francisco (the northern limit of the Spanish claim), and during the summer of 1812, Fort Ross was built just to the north of the Spanish claim.
		Consolidation of the Russian holdings on Kauai was intensified - Hanalei was renamed Schäfferthal, two earthenwork forts were built overlooking the valley (one of the forts was named Fort Alexander), and the Russian flag was raised in a formal ceremony on October 8.
		By 1820, however the Company had given up on Hawaii, and was obtaining supplies from Fort Ross, as well as American and British traders who were working along the Pacific Northwest coast.
	www.explorenorth.com /library/yafeatures/bl-RussAmCo.htm (1218 words)

	Russian American Company Flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Russian American Company flag was authorized under Czar Alexander I in 1806.
		A ribbon hanging from the talons of the eagle is the inscription ‘Russo-American Company.’ On the breast of the double headed eagle is a square with a red shield and St. George on a white steed looking to the left.
		During 1812 to 1840, the Russian American Company years at Colony Ross, the United States Flag was a thirteen star flag.
	www.mcn.org /1/rrparks/fortross/flag.htm (469 words)

	Historical Flags - Russian American Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Russian government formed a semi-official corporation known as the Russian-American Company in part to settle Alaska and in part to control the early Russian traders.
		Also to deal with private companies operating in Alaska whose practice it was to rob, abuse and kill the natives.
		In the early 1800's the Russian-American Company pursued the fur trade in California and in 1812 a small fort near the Russian River, called Ft Ross,was established to protect the fishing fleets and fur traders.
	www.anyflag.com /history/russamer.htm (103 words)

	Russian-American company
		The Company received a Granted Document and a privilege to use all trades, crafts and establishments for 20 years, located along North-Western coast of America from 55 degrees of the Northern latitude to the Bering Straight and further, including the Aleutian and Kuril Islands.
		The Company received a right to discover the lands not only higher than 55 degrees of the Northern latitude but to the south of it.
		That was the reason that the Main Company Administration was transferred to St. Petersburg from Irkutsk in 1800.
	www.manus.baikal.ru /eng/es05.htm (807 words)

	Russia, Alaska, and the Russian American Company
		The Tzar was ready to revoke trading rights by this point since the Russian American Company was having great financial difficulties, but the company managed to hang on for a few more years through coal and whaling, both of which soon failed.
		Kad'yak is the only Russian American Company shipwreck that has certainly been identified, though remains near St. Michael on the Yukon Delta may prove to be those of another Russian American ship, called Politkofsky.
		Fifty-two Russian wrecks in the North Pacific have also been documented, and of those, roughly 49 have been identified tentatively based on their locations.
	www.archaeology.org /online/features/kadyak/rusala.html (498 words)

	Alaska-Russian American Company "Walrus Skin" Banknotes, 1816-32
		RAC was given a monopoly to handle all of Russia's trade in its American colony.
		Baranov served as Governor of the RAC for the longest
		RAC banknotes have been called "walrus or sealskin money" as some were printed on walrus skins, although
	numismondo.com /pm/aka (740 words)

	THE RUSSIAN AMERICAN COMPANY
		Although the Russian American Company was the second European power (after Spain) to establish a permanent settlement in California, the company was responsible for many things that were done for the first time.
		The company badly needed the food for their settlements in Alaska, which the Spanish were growing in California.
		The Russians had a vineyard established at one of their local ranches with over 2000 vines.
	www.mcn.org /1/rrparks/fortross/funfacts.htm (729 words)

	The Russian-American Company and the Northwest Fur Trade: North American Scholarship, 1990-2000: "Meeting of ...
		Instead, in both historical and anthropological writings, the company and its operations have become mere context for more detailed studies of the Native peoples and rank-and-file workers who were actually procuring the furs that fed the system.
		With regard to the second point, several works have taken particular care to distinguish continuities and changes in the company's policies throughout the period of its existence (e.g., Dean 1993, 1994, 1995; Dmytryshyn 1994), but, because of the amount of research required to sustain such an approach, it remains an exception rather than the rule.
		Particularly noteworthy is a multi-year, multidisciplinary project undertaken at "Fort Ross," the Russian-American Company's former Ross settlement in California.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/mofc/arndt.html (1946 words)

	Russian American Company
		Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov - Rezanov, Nikolai Petrovich, 1764–1807, Russian trader, an official of the Russian American...
		Aleksandr Andreyevich Baranov - Baranov, Aleksandr Andreyevich, 1747–1819, Russian trader, chief figure in the period of...
		The imperial Russian response to American contraband during the Russo-Japanese war: controversy and effects.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0842730.html (360 words)

	Finnish Place Names
		Adjutant for the governor of the Russian American colonies 1834.
		Named "M[ys] Etolina" by the Russians for Capt. Adolph Karlovitch Etolin, governor of the Russian American colonies, 1841-45, who, with Khromchenko, explored this area in 1821.
		Snow, U.S. Navy, for Capt. Adolph Karlovich Etolin, governor of the Russian American colonies in 1841-45.
	www.genealogia.fi /place/placeake.htm (1940 words)

	kennan
		Presently it is possible to reconstruct the balance history of the RAC from its foundation till almost 1885 (shareholders continued to receive dividends after the company’s liquidation with the sale of Alaska in 1867).
		The documents of this formative period for the RAC, marked by the activity of Golokovs’-Shelikhov Company and the United American Company, are preserved in different collections of documents (hereafter referred to as F) at the State Archive of Irkutsk Region (SAIR), f.
		This lecture is based chiefly on an address by Russian President Vladimir Putin to the lower chamber of the Russian Parliament (Duma) on April 3, 2001, his budget address to the Parliament on April 20, 2001, various interviews given in Russia and abroad, data from sociological polls, and analytical materials published in Russia and abroad.
	www.aha.ru /~apetrov/kennan.html (5863 words)

	Timeline of Russian-American Relations - 18-20th Centuries
		American scientist Ezra Stiles sends a letter through Benjamin Franklin to M.V. Lomonosov, an act which marks the first contact in the field of science between American and Russian scientists.
		Russian Emperor Aleksandr I issues a decree declaring the territory in the north-western part of the United States up to 51° latitude to the south under the jurisdiction of the Russian American Company and establishing the Company's sole monopoly on hunting, fishing and trading in the region.
		Memorial "Spirit of the Elba" plaque in English and Russian is dedicated at the Arlington National Cemetery in Washington to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the meeting of American and Soviet soldiers on the Elba River.
	www.usembassy.ru /links/history.php (11199 words)

	THE RUSSIANS: RUSSIAN AMERICA
		A bilingual, multimedia English-Russian digital library that tells the story of the American exploration and settlement of the West, the parallel exploration and settlement of Siberia and the Russian Far East, and the meeting of the Russian-American frontier in *Alaska and the Pacific Northwest.
		See particularly the chapters on the Russian presence: Chapter Four: The Shumagin Island People: The First Encounters, and Chapter Five: The Strangers Come to Stay.
		Photographs of Prince and Princess Matsutoff, the last Russians to in charge of colonial Russia; The Pistol from US Gen. Jeff Davis, stationed in Sitka at the time of the transfer; Cpt.
	it.stlawu.edu /~rkreuzer/russians.htm (885 words)

	[No title]
		"Report of the council of the Russian American Company to Emperor Alexander I, 1814, AHD, v.
		3, 311-13 (Various papers concerning the operations of the Russian-American Company)","msy","y0020013","0001.gif","1","1","","0001.jpg" "Report of the council of the Russian American Company to Emperor Alexander I, 1814, AHD, v.
		3, 311-13 (Various papers concerning the operations of the Russian-American Company)","msy","y0020013","0002.gif","2","2","","0002.jpg" "Report of the council of the Russian American Company to Emperor Alexander I, 1814, AHD, v.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /mss/mtfms/msy/y0020013/y0020013page.data (324 words)

	Research Interests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		I maintain a special focus on the History of the Orthodox Church in America, in particular the period 1794-1867.
		I also examine the history of Russian businesswomen and of women in Russian America, for example the activities of Nataliia A. Shelikhova (founder of the Russian-American Company), Alexander A.
		Baranov, who was the Chief Manager of Russian America from 1790 until 1818, as well as the operations of such organizations as Astor's American Fur Company and the Hudson's Bay Company.
	www.aha.ru /~apetrov/research.htm (309 words)

	AllRefer.com - Russian American Company (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Russian American Company (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		Russian American Company, colonial trading company, chartered by Czar Paul I in 1799.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Russian American Company
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/RussianA-1.html (277 words)

	Meeting of Frontiers: The Gennadii V. Yudin Collection of Russian-American Company Papers: Titles
		Report of the achivements of the Russian-American Company with draft., n.d.
		Instructions to the police probably in the city of Irkutsk [does not relate to Russian-American Company], n.d.
		Statement by Nikolai Rezanov concerning first settlement of Russians in America in 1741, c.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /intldl/mtfhtml/mfdigcol/lists/mtfyumTitles1.html (312 words)

	Alexander Baranov, Governor of Russian America, Chief of the Russian-American Company (1799-1818)
		Alexander Baranov, Governor of Russian America, Chief of the Russian-American Company (1799-1818)
		Alexander Baranov was a Russian native, born in 1747.
		In 1799 he became chief manager for the profitable and influential Russian American Company, and over saw all of Alaska, including the Aleutian and Kurile Islands.
	www.welcometoalaska.com /abaranov.htm (438 words)

	Russian American Company - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Russian American Company - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK or LOGIN
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	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Russiana (309 words)

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