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Topic: Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917

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Russian Constituent Assembly

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	All-Russian Constituent Assembly
		The assembly was empowered to define the new political structure and to approve the constitution of the federated Russian state that was postulated by the Russian
		When the assembly rejected this demand, the Bolsheviks dispersed the deputies and declared the assembly to be dissolved.
		Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917 (Cambridge,
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/A/L/All6RussianConstituentAssembly.htm (629 words)

	Russian Revolution of 1917, series of events in imperial Russia that culminated in 1917 with the establishment of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The immediate cause of the February Revolution of 1917 was the collapse of the czarist regime under the gigantic strain of World War I. The underlying cause was the backward economic condition of the country, which made it unable to sustain the war effort against powerful, industrialized Germany.
		All basic changes had to be postponed for decision by a constituent assembly, but the election of such an assembly was put off on the grounds that a large part of the country was under enemy occupation.
		The first was the government's policy of postponing for future determination by a constituent assembly the solution of such pressing problems as economic disorganization, the continued food crisis, industrial reforms, redistribution of land to peasants, and the growth of counterrevolutionary forces.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/russianrev.html (4539 words)

	The Constituent Assembly Elections
		The importance of the Constituent Assembly is immense.
		The elections to the Constituent Assembly had been fixed by the Provisional Government for September 17, 1917, and the article "The Constituent Assembly Elections" was written in connection with the opening of the election campaign.
		The All-Russian Peasants' Union was a petty-bourgeois organization which arose in 1905 and demanded political liberty, a Constituent Assembly and the abolition of private ownership of land.
	www.marx2mao.com /Stalin/CAE17.html (2056 words)

	Russian Great War History - 1917
		Russians evacuate Braila, and are defeated at Vacareni.
		Russian troops leaving Hamadan engage and rout a Turkish force that is forced to withdraw to Hajiabad.
		Russians are attacked southwest of Baranovichi and retreat to the east bank of the river Shchara.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1914_History_1917.htm (3030 words)

	Theses On The Constituent Assembly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The convocation of the Constituent Assembly in our revolution on the basis of lists submitted in the middle of October 1917 is taking place under conditions which preclude the possibility of the elections to this Constituent Assembly faithfully expressing the will of the people in general and of the working people in particular.
		Naturally, the interests of this revolution stand higher than the formal rights of the Constituent Assembly, even if those formal rights were not undermined by the absence in the law on the Constituent Assembly of a provision recognising the right of the people to recall their deputies and hold new elections at any moment.
		Every direct or indirect attempt to consider the question of the Constituent Assembly from a formal, legal point of view, within the framework of ordinary bourgeois democracy and disregarding the class struggle and civil war, would be a betrayal of the proletariat’s cause, and the adoption of the bourgeois standpoint.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1917/dec/11a.htm (827 words)

	A Short History of Russian Elections' Short Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The unbridled anarchy of general elections did not arrive in Russia until Nov. 25, 1917, but the resultant Constituent Assembly existed for just a couple of days before it was dissolved by the Bolsheviks.
		The elections to the Russian Congress of People's Deputies and local government offices in 1990 were the freest since the time of the Constituent Assembly.
		In my Moscow region constituency, the election was first declared invalid because a majority had voted for "none of the above." When a by-election was held, the chief of the local police special forces unit won.
	www.gwu.edu /~ieresgwu/AShortHistoryofRussianElectionsShortLife.htm (1853 words)

	Russian february revolution, the february revolution in Russia, february revolution 1917, february revolution Russia, ...
		In an effort to reverse the worsening military situation, Nicholas II took personal command of Russian forces at the front, leaving the conduct of government in Petrograd (St. Petersburg before 1914; Leningrad after 1924; St. Petersburg after 1991) to his unpopular wife and a series of incompetent ministers.
		The spark to the events that ended tsarist rule was ignited on the streets of Petrograd in February 1917 (according to the Julian calendar then still in use in Russia; according to the modern Gregorian calendar, which was adopted in February 1918, these events occurred in March).
		A legislature, the Constituent Assembly, also was to be created, but election of the first such body was postponed until the fall of 1917.
	www.russiansabroad.com /russian_history_52.html (396 words)

	Bio - Vladimir Lenin Wikipedia Vladimir Lenin
		Kaiser Wilhelm II himself is thought to have expected Lenin to paralyze the Russian army through revolution and end the war on the Eastern front and he saw him only as a contemporary figure that would lose power soon afterwards.
		All sides in the Russian Civil Wars of 1918-20 - the Bolsheviks, the Whites, the Anarchists, the seceding nationalities - provisioned themselves by the ancient method of "living off the land": they seized food from those who grew it, gave it to their armies and supporters, and denied it to their enemies.
		During the early 1920s the Russian movement of cosmism was quite popular and there was an intent to cryogenically preserve Lenin's body in order to revive him in the future.
	www.blinkbits.com /bits/viewtopic/vladimir_lenin_wikipedia?t=326127 (3268 words)

	"The Russian Revolution in Colour"� (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Russian Revolution in Colour doesn’t deal with the nature of the Constituent Assembly and the forces in conflict within it as a reflection of the conflicting forces during the revolutionary process; it doesn’t speak about these forces’ reactions when the Bolsheviks dissolved the Constituent Assembly, or if anybody defended it.
		The action of the Bolsheviks was the outcome of a considered policy and of a clear-cut view of the progressive development of the revolution from its bourgeois-democratic to its proletarian-socialist phase.” [9] Even the Mensheviks were aware of the role of the Constituent Assembly at that stage of the revolution.
		The sailors demands were: free elections to the soviets with the participation of anarchists, abolition of the Political Departments (in the fleet) and the Special Purpose Detachments, removal of the zagraditnye otryady [22], restoration of free trade, and the freeing of political prisoners.
	www.marxist.com /russian-revolution-colour-documentary.htm (3530 words)

	Lecture 7: The Aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution
		Late in November of 1917, an agreement (THE DECREE ON PEACE) was reached with the left wing SRs and peace negotiations were conducted with the Germans.
		The period of Soviet history which runs from November 1917 to the end of 1920, is called the period of war communism.
		The Russian proletariat was opposed to the dictatorship of the proletariat.
	www.historyguide.org /europe/lecture7.html (4417 words)

	Karl Kautsky: The Russian Revolution (1917) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The fight for peace, the question of questions in these times, is intimately associated with the problems of the Russian Revolution and the revival of the International.
		And this explains, too, the fact that the climax of the rule of democratic forces in France, coincided with the climax of political persecution and political death sentences.
		But it, too, will endanger the revolution, if it is a peace at any price, a peace other than that formulated and demanded by its leaders, a peace without annexation and indemnities, a peace preserving the right of small nations to decide their own destinies in every direction.
	www.marxists.org /archive/kautsky/1917/11/russian.htm (1505 words)

	Russian Constituent Assembly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The convocation of a democratically elected Constituent Assembly that would write a constitution for Russia was one of the main demands of all Russian revolutionary parties prior to the Russian Revolution of 1905.
		With the overthrow of Nicholas II during the February Revolution of 1917, state power was assumed by the Russian Provisional Government, which was formed by the liberal Duma leadership and supported by the socialist-dominated Petrograd Soviet.
		The Constituent Assembly quorum met in the Tauride Palace in Petrograd, between 4 p.m.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_Constituent_Assembly (4395 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Ukrainian Proclamation on Independence, 20 November 1917
		With the disintegration of the Russian monarchy in February 1917 nationalist Ukrainian leaders moved swiftly to seek a form of independence within the Russian union, a desire granted by the Provisional Government in July 1917.
		Also in the Ukrainian National Republic all the liberties won by the Russian revolution are to be guaranteed, namely, freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, of assembly, of union, of strikes, of inviolability of person and of habitation, the right and the possibility of using local dialects in dealing with all authorities.
		The date for the election of the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly is fixed for January 9, 1918, and the date for its summoning January 22, 1918.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/ukraine_vinichenko1.htm (1181 words)

	Once again on the slogan of a Constituent Assembly: The Lessons of the German Revolution of 1918
		As we see it, the slogan of the Constituent Assembly is at best an irrelevance in Argentina, at worst a serious detraction from the real tasks of the revolution, threatening to play into the hands of the counter-revolution.
		Following the lead of the SPD leaders, the bourgeois parties put their full weight behind the calling of a Constituent Assembly as a means of undermining the position of the workers' councils.
		Although Rosa Luxemburg correctly called the national assembly a "cowardly detour" and "an empty shell", the workers' councils were dominated politically by the SPD and the Independent Socialists, who favoured the calling of a national assembly.
	www.marxist.com /constituent-assembly-germany-1918.htm (2831 words)

	RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The roots of the Russian Revolution of 1917 were deep.
		The March Revolution of 1917 led to the abdication of Nicholas and the installation of a provisional government.
		Lenin then appealed over the head of the assembly to the people, claiming the workers' councils (the soviets) represented "a higher form of democratic principle." By January 1918 the assembly was completely demoralized, and it ceased to function.
	history-world.org /russian_revolution.htm (1585 words)

	SparkNotes: The Russian Revolution (1917-1921): Forging the Ship of State: The Bolsheviks in Power
		True to their democratic promises, the Bolsheviks held free elections to a Constituent Assembly in November 1917.
		It should be unsurprising that the Socialist Revolutionaries came out in front because their constituents, the Russian peasantry, accounted for eighty percent of the Russian population.
		Karl Marx's call for a dictatorship of the proletariat at the outset of any socialist regime in order to solve problems of social change from capitalism to socialism, was realized with considerable strength after Lenin sent troops to the Constituent Assembly in January 1918 to intimidate representatives.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/russianrev/section10.rhtml (670 words)

	The Choices Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Considering itself one of the detachments of the universal army of the proletariat, Russian social democracy is pursuing the same ultimate goal, as that for which the social democrats in other countries are striving.
		By its very name it is bound to be hostile to any social movement, and cannot but be bitterly opposed to all the aspirations of the proletariat toward freedom.
		The sovereignty of the people; i.e., the concentration of the supreme power of the state in a unicameral legislative assembly composed of representatives of the people.
	www.choices.edu /RussianRevolution_1a.cfm (1467 words)

	Lenin and the First Communist Revolutions, IV
		Their gerrymandered Provisional Government was supposed to reign only until new elections to the Constituent Assembly were held.
		Lenin's optimism led him to permit these national elections, which were relatively free and representative of the entire Russian population.
		They banned the Kadets (which, like the Bolsheviks, had a relatively strong following in the urban centers), dissolved the Constituent Assembly, and pulled their standard trick: forming a packed parallel assembly and declaring it to the be "the" assembly.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/museum/his1d.htm (705 words)

	Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly that were organised as a result of events in the Russian Revolution of 1917 were held on November 25, 1917 (although some districts had polling on alternate days).
		However, the Bolsheviks had captured power in the October Revolution and they dispersed the Assembly after its first sitting - making the results of the election null and void.
		Various academic studies have given alternative results but all clearly indicate that whilst the Bolsheviks were clear winners in Russia's urban centres, as well as taking around two-thirds of the votes of soldiers on the "Western Front", it was the SRs who topped the polls having won the massive support of the country's rural peasantry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_Constituent_Assembly_election,_1917 (240 words)

	The Russian Revolution
		A small middle class and a small working class was growing in Russian cities, primarily in association with the railroad industry and financed, in large part, by western capital.
		A Russian offensive in July, beaten back decisively by the Germans, provoked an uprising which was put down, a circumstance which temporarily required that Lenin and other Soviet leaders flee into hiding.
		The Bolsheviks were in the minority in the Constituent Assembly.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /westn/russrev.html (1820 words)

	Unknown History of Russian Legislation
		In late 1917 just before the Constituent Assembly was supposed to be elected the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government.
		It decides to respect agreements with allies in World War 1; Transition Government was supposed to call for Constituent Assembly election; date was announced first in September, then postponed till Nov 25, 1917.
		Jan 18, 1918 - Constituent Assembly meets in St. Petersburg only to be confronted by Lenin's ultimatum to recognize Bolshevik government and approve on all its decrees; dispersed by Bolsheviks same day.
	democracy.ru /english/article.php?id=154 (708 words)

	The Bolshevik Revolution
		The pressures of the Great War and the demands of the allies proved too be too much for the Russian government to bear.
		This government had little legal basis and was merely a caretaking body until a proper Constituent Assembly could be elected.
		Lenin took advantage of the breakdown of Russian society to spread his message to a disaffected people.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1917main.htm (592 words)

	SAC 1904-1917
		Russian liberal and revolutionary political parties agreed to cooperate (SDs did not participate).
		He called a government conference on upcoming elections to the new State Duma (still just a revolutionary promise and not yet fully defined).
		Russian SDs at Congress #5 heard Lenin's report on peasantry [VSB,3:808-9] Marxism was never strong in its comprehension of peasants, but now Lenin worked to bring his doctrine in line with Russian economic realities and revolutionary opportunities.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/sac.1904.1917.htm (11625 words)

	World Prout Assembly: The Nepal Pact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In essence, the Maoists have agreed to lay down their arms (although not immediately) in exchange for the parties' support for a constitutional convention to replace the current one and hopefully produce a republican form of government.
		The seven parties will wish to undertake the disarmament of the Maoists and RNA (which will now just be the "Nepali Army") as soon as possible, while reinstating parliament as their power base before a constituent assembly can be formed.
		It may still be there as the Russian model meets the Chinese model, and the red star long hidden below the historical horizon reappears, this time in the Himalayan sky.
	www.worldproutassembly.org /archives/2005/11/the_nepal_pact.html (1628 words)

	The Russian Revolution of 1917: Election Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Elections to the Constituent Assembly from Western Front of the Army
		Totals for Election to the Constituent Assembly from Vladimir Province, an Urban Constituency
		Totals for Election to the Constituent Assembly from Moscow Province, an Urban Constituency
	web.grinnell.edu /individuals/kaiser/revolt.html (165 words)

	SAC 1917-1920
		The fate of the Constituent Assembly, though technically elected and convened after the defeat of the Provisional Government, must be included as its final sorry crisis
		The closure of the Constituent Assembly by Red Army units under Bolshevik command meant the end of the enduring dream of the Russian opposition that a Constituent Assembly might settle Russia's future.
		She was at the beginning of an extraordinary and long career of political activism that brought her into close association with the Russian Revolution and the building of the USSR, and, after 1958, with the People's Republic of China.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/sac.1917.1920.htm (9177 words)

	2% of the Richest Own Most Global Assets -- Time For Some Redistribution From A Gun Barrel? - Page 4 - Debate Both Sides
		the kerensky government refused for mnonths upon months to call the constituent assembly because it was feared that the votes would go to the radicals
		Then after the coup they did hold an election and the Bolsheviks came in second with 24% but held on to power.
		the elections to the soviets were held in september of 1917 and in these elections the bolsheviks (who had showed poorly in the previous elections in the spring/summer) took majority of seats
	www.debatebothsides.com /showthread.php?p=701259 (2420 words)

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