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Topic: Russian Empire

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Imperial Russia

Russian history

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Russian Federation

Peter the Great and the Russian Empire

Russian revolution

Great Russia

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History of Russia

Muscovy

Crimean campaigns

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First Chechen War

Amur Cart Road

	FEEFHS MAP ROOM-Russian Empire Maps
		The 12th map, of the Polish provinces of the Russian Empire (The Russian partition of Poland) is from a different atlas - Century Dictionary and Cyclopaedic Atlas (CD&CA) dated 1902 and at a scale of 1:5,128,200 or 1 inch = 80.9 miles.
		The Polish provinces of the Russian Empire (Russia partion of Poland-1902)- 155K
		Asian Russian Maps...While a separate index has been prepared for Siberia and Asian Russia, those regions closest to the European part of the Russian Empire were scanned first and are still available here.
	www.feefhs.org /maps/ruse/mapiruse.html (463 words)

	RUSSIA
		Russian rulers come to descend from a daughter of the last Saxon King of England, as the Capetian House of France came to descend from a daughter of Varoslav the Wise.
		After midcentury, the Russian border was then dramatical pushed south and the Moslem states of Turkestan were steadily reduced in a march that to the British always looked directed at India, as perhaps it was.
		The numerical superiority that the Russians initially had in 1904 was rendered useless by the geographic division of their forces; and then the numerical parity of the Far Eastern fleet was rendered useless by avoidance of battle.
	www.friesian.com /russia.htm (9024 words)

	Russian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until it was declared a republic in July, 1917.
		Russian tsars had also to deal with two uprisings in their newly acquired territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: the November Uprising in 1830 and the January Uprising in 1863.
		The disastrous performance of the Russian armed forces in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) was a major blow to the Tsarist regime and increased the potential for unrest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_Empire (3481 words)

	Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Assisted by the Russian Orthodox Church and Saint Sergius of Radonezh's spiritual revival, Muscovy inflicted a defeat on the Mongols in the Battle of Kulikovo (1389).
		Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I and the resultant deterioration of the economy led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the Romanovs.
		As of the 2002 census, 79.8% of the population is ethnically Russian, 3.8% Tatar, 2% Ukrainian, 1.2% Bashkir, 1.1% Chuvash, 0.9% Chechen, 0.8% Armenian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russia (6191 words)

	RUSSIAN EMPIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The “Russian Empire” project by Leonid Parfyonov, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Empire and the founding of Saint-Petersburg, is a contemporary view on 300 years of the Russian state.
		The “Russian Empire” is a personal history of this country, a TV investigation of the Russian imperial ideal which is still alive for both its supporters and adversaries.
		Paul I – the Russian Pope, the Maltese Knight and the reconciler of the Catholic and the Orthodox Churches.
	dibrov.ntv-tv.ru /program/publ/eross_imp.html (430 words)

	Russian Empire: Vol. 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The "Russian Empire" project by Leonid Parfyonov, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Empire and the founding of Saint-Petersburg, is a contemporary view on 300 years of the Russian state.
		"Russian Empire" required weeks of shooting in the Russian capitals and dozens of trips around the current and former territories of the country, to unique places which had never been filmed in the past.
		The "Russian Empire" is a personal history of this country, a TV investigation of the Russian imperial ideal which is still alive for both its supporters and adversaries.
	www.russiandvd.com /store/product.asp?aid=6729&lang=eng&sku=33918 (270 words)

	The Crimean War Timeline
		Russian influence was further increased by their support of the Sultan against the Egyptian rebel Mehemet Ali.
		Russian return fire against the ironclads is largely ineffective and the fort falls to the beseigers.
		Russian army is defeated by Omar Pasha at the River Ingur south of the Caucasus mountains.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1854_crimeanhist.htm (2042 words)

	Russian Empire Census at AllExperts
		Russian Empire Census of 1897 was the first and the only census carried out in the Imperial Russia.
		The project of the census was suggested by a famous Russian geographer, chief of the Central Statistical Bureau Petr Semenov-Tianshanski (Pyotr Semyonov-Tianshansky) in 1877.
		The total population of the Russian Empire was recorded to be 125,640,021 people (50.2 % female, 49.8 % male).
	en.allexperts.com /e/r/ru/russian_empire_census.htm (416 words)

	Russian Empire Style Furniture - Amos Anderson Art Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Finland was annexed to the Russian empire as an autonomous Grand Duchy in 1809 and remained so until independence in 1917.
		Russian furniture was designed for monumental palaces and therefore it seems heavy in comparison with other styles.
		The models for the early Russian Empire style were found in French and English pattern books, but the Russian Empire style proper was the creation of St. Petersburg architect Andrei Voronikhin who designed heavily built furniture in the 1810s.
	www.amosanderson.fi /english/empire.html (498 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century was already a complex poliethnic and multicultural conglomerate.
		The Russian orthodox identity was a consolidating factor that united Russians of all social strata.
		The main purpose of Russian national movement was the merging of their ethnic group in one nation and the outreaching and bringing together the gap between the elite and the masses, between the high society culture and popular culture.
	www.acls.org /crn/network/ebook_gatagova_paper1.doc (2312 words)

	Russian Authoritarianism and Empire, 1855-1900
		Russians were less devoted to the French language and to literature from Britain and Germany.
		Russian settlers began moving into the conquered areas, with the Russian army defending the settlers against attacks by local natives, which led to further Russian expansion.
		In 1830, a year of upheaval across Europe, the Poles rebelled against the Russians, seeking full independence and nationhood, and 1835, in response, Tsar Nicholas I abrogated the Polish constitution of 1815 and made Poland an indivisible part of the Russian Empire.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h47-ru.htm (6032 words)

	Immigration...Polish/Russian: Russian Beginnings
		The Russian Orthodox religion had arrived with the first traders, and missionaries continued to found primary schools and seminaries for generations to come.
		As the Russian Empire died and the communist Soviet Union came into being, tens of millions of people were caught up in anarchy, bloodshed, and widespread property destruction, and more than 2 million fled the country.
		These new Russian immigrants had mostly been prominent citizens of the Empire—aristocrats, professionals, and former imperial officials—and were called “White Russians” because of their opposition to the “red” Soviet state.
	memory.loc.gov /learn/features/immig/polish2.html (829 words)

	CRA_Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As the last of the world's empires fell in the XXth century, the "Russian Empire" persisted disguised as a communist base for world conquest -- or so it was perceived by Western public and policy makers.
		The fact that the "Russian Empire" was actually a multinational state, rather than an "empire," was difficult to reconcile with in the face of all the "evidence" to the contrary.
		Russians, in Red Army uniforms, in fact, "voted with their feet" against Communism believing that the Germans came to liberate them from it.
	www.russian-americans.org /CRA_Art_Empire.htm (1429 words)

	Chapter 11, Section b4- Russian Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The cause of the war was that Russian expansion in eastern Asia ran counter to Japanese plans for gaining a foothold on the Asian mainland.
		The Russian commander in chief, General Aleksey Nikolayevich Kuropatkin, decided to hold a defensive position on the Liaodong Peninsula until enough reinforcements arrived to permit him to move to the offensive.
		The first Russian offensive was a river assault launched on the Sha He (Sha Ho), lasting from October 5 to October 17, and a second attack at Sandepu on January 26-27, 1905.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/c11sb04.html (845 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Russian Policymakers Air Notion of "Liberal Empire" in Caucasus, Central Asia
		Russian policy makers are relying on the precedents established by the US military campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq to justify Moscow’s own push to forge a "liberal empire" in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
		Russian leaders have quickly seized on the notion of a liberal empire to refashion their own foreign policy agenda.
		Russian President Vladimir Putin, who attended the opening ceremonies at the Kant base on October 23, hailed "the attention paid by the [Russian] business community" on Kyrgyzstan, adding that he "shares the optimistic" forecasts of rapidly expanding Russian-Kyrgyz economic relations, the Itar-Tass news agency reported.
	eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav102703.shtml (1428 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Belarus (Belarus and Moldova) ...
		Originally peasants (primarily Ukrainian and Russian) who fled from bondage to the lower Dnepr and Don river regions to settle in the frontier areas separating fifteenth-century Muscovy, Poland, and the lands occupied by the Tatars.
		raion (pl., raioane in Romanian; rayon/rayony in Belarusian and Russian)
		Russian was given equal and official status with local languages in most non-Russian republics; it was made the official language of the Soviet Union in state and diplomatic affairs, in the armed forces, and on postage stamps, currency, and military and civilian decorations.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/belarus/by_glos.html (3020 words)

	Russian Empire quiz -- free game
		Russian attempts to dominate the Balkans led to a war with which country from 1827-29?
		True or false: 'In the late 18th century, Russian colonization spilled over into Alaska and early in the century forts were built as far south as Fort Ross in California (1812).'
		Kokand, Khiva and Bukhara are three khanates that were colonized by the Russians 1866-76.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=78831 (363 words)

	Muslimedia.com
		The third part, called ‘Russia,’ is the heart of the book, a discussion of the Russian empire from the emergence of Tsarist expansionism to the fall of the Soviet Union; and the fourth part, called ‘After Empire,’ is a short discussion of the world in the late twentieth century.
		He then moves forward to consider understandings of empire in Europe’s last territorial empires, the Hapsburg and the Russian, and the modern, colonial empires of the Dutch, the British and the French that launched the globalization of European imperialism.
		One execution saves hundreds of Russians from destruction and thousands of Muslims from treason." Lieven is equally blunt on the realities of Soviet rule over Muslim lands, from the earliest days of the Bolshevik revolution to the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the empire in 1989.
	www.muslimedia.com /archives/book01/russianbk.htm (1086 words)

	The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire, 1650-1831 Parameters - Find Articles
		LeDonne uses "grand strategy" to refer to Russian efforts to use political, military, and economic means to achieve hegemony over the Heartland, a vast continental area which included the territory of the former Soviet Union, as well as Eastern Europe, Turkey, and Iran.
		The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire differs from The Russian Empire and the World more in structure and organization than in content; the second book is organized chronologically, as opposed to geographically, and has a narrower focus, examining the components of the Russian policy of expansion.
		Russian expansion achieved its greatest success in the 18th century, adhering to Petrine grand strategy, which, in turn, traced its roots to the geopolitical vision of Afanasii Ordin-Nashchokin in the mid-17th century.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0IBR/is_1_35/ai_n13787673 (812 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (Ottomans: Suleyman I)
		The Ottomans had witnessed the expansion of the principality of Muscovy into an empire of its own with little concern, but by the mid-16th century, the Russian Empire began to challenge the Ottoman Empire in the Black Sea and Caucasus regions.
		This feud with the Russian Empire demonstrated to Suleyman that his Empire had not two but three fronts to defend, when the new threat posed by the Russian Empire to the northeast was added to those of the Safavids to the southeast and the Europeans to the west.
		The Ottoman Empire was thus vital to maintaining the European balance of power in the 16th century.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/ottoman/suleyman.html (1233 words)

	Russian Department @ Dartmouth College
		Nineteenth-century Russian prose culminated in the masterpieces of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Chekhov.
		Since then, Russian writers have gradually liberated themselves from the demands of the censors to produce a literature as articulate and exciting as the great novels of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.
		Primarily centered on the empire of the Great Khans, the Ilkhans in Persia and the Yua dynasty in China, this course analyzes the phenomenon of the Mongolian conquests and state building from the perspective of world economic, cultural, and political development in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~russian/courses.html (2619 words)

	Russian College of Heraldry Story m RM
		Naturally enough, the Soviet Union of 1983 vintage had various specific taboos of its own; should I have revealed my sincere love of, and profound reverence to the Tsarist Russia, I might easily have to face the fire of slashing criticism and probably be treated as a reckless person.
		to complete the work and fully achieve the goal of reviving the magnificent Greater Arms of the Russian Empire to their former glory and splendour, the artwork being executed with gouache on a large sheet of plywood.
		Soon afterwards, in 1991, I made the first historical translation of the full blazon of the Greater Arms of the Russian Empire into English, which was published in the Russian heraldic magazine Gerboved, Number One, 1992.
	www.armorial.ru /story_m.htm (630 words)

	Russian early history, early history of Russia , early Russian history on RussiansAbroad.com
		The historical origins of the Russian state, however, are chiefly those of the East Slavs, the ethnic group that evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian peoples.
		Both individuals and institutions, even the Russian Orthodox Church, were subordinate to the state as it was represented in the person of the autocrat.
		Beginning with Muscovy's efforts to consolidate Russian territory as Tatar control waned in the fifteenth century, expansion soon went beyond ethnically Russian areas; by the eighteenth century, the principality of Muscovy had become the huge Russian Empire, stretching from Poland eastward to the Pacific Ocean.
	www.russiansabroad.com /russian_history_15.html (795 words)

	Russian Antiques, terms of sale
		The reign of Nicholas II (1894-1917) is associated with the zenith of the Russian decorative arts.
		Objects produced in St. Petersburg (then the capital of the Russian Empire), were intended for the refined aristocracy and closely followed the styles of the 18th and early 19th century, frequently surpassing the quality of originals.
		After the fall of the Empire, a huge number of objects in precious metals were melted down to produce the first Soviet coinage.
	www.romanovrussia.com /terms.html (366 words)

	The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire, 1650-1831 Parameters - Find Articles
		LeDonne uses "grand strategy" to refer to Russian efforts to use political, military, and economic means to achieve hegemony over the Heartland, a vast continental area which included the territory of the former Soviet Union, as well as Eastern Europe, Turkey, and Iran.
		The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire differs from The Russian Empire and the World more in structure and organization than in content; the second book is organized chronologically, as opposed to geographically, and has a narrower focus, examining the components of the Russian policy of expansion.
		Russian expansion achieved its greatest success in the 18th century, adhering to Petrine grand strategy, which, in turn, traced its roots to the geopolitical vision of Afanasii Ordin-Nashchokin in the mid-17th century.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0IBR/is_1_35/ai_n13787673 (812 words)

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