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Topic: Russian First Army

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	2. The Eastern Front, 1914-1915. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Russian plan of campaign (Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich, commander in chief, Aug. 3, 1914–Sept. 5, 1915) was concerned primarily with Austria; large forces were therefore concentrated on the Galician frontier.
		The essence of this joint plan was to concentrate the German army against the second Russian army (Gen. Alexander Samsonov), which was beginning the invasion of East Prussia from the southeast.
		Throughout these and later operations the Germans were aided greatly by the interception of unciphered Russian messages, and by the unreadiness of Rennenkampf (leader of the first Russian army) to do much to relieve Samsonov.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1739.html (744 words)

	Battle of Stalluponen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brought on by the aggressive tactics of General Hermann von Francois in defense of the German province of East Prussia, the battle was completely unexpected by both sides, along with its outcome.
		In mid-August, 1914, the Russian army began to execute an invasion of East Prussia at the outbreak of hostilities.
		At the easternmost extremity of Germany, Russian General Pavel Rennenkampf invaded East Prussia with the Russian First Army, with the city of Königsberg as his ultimate target.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Stalluponen (381 words)

	First World War, 1914-1918
		In East Prussia, the Russian First and Second armies made initial progress, although the First Army was temporarily halted at the Battle of Stalluponen (17 August 1914).
		Now, the Germans moved against the Russian First Army, catching them on 9-14 September at the battle of the Masurian Lakes, although this time the Russians were not encircled, and some of the army escaped.
		First was the battle of Heligoland Bight (28 August 1914), which began as an British attempt to stop German patrols, and escalated when the Admiralty sent in Cruisers from the Grand Fleet, and the Germans sent out some of their own Cruisers.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/wars_wwI.html (5557 words)

	Russian Army Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		So too the Russian army was undergoing progressive change after the assassination of Tsar Paul, the accession of his son Alexander, and the influences of Count Arakcheyev and Baron Barclay de Tolly.
		The Russian on the defensive, protecting his motherland, was an awesome force and capable of inflicting and accepting horrendous casualties as Napoleon soon discovered to his embarrassment at Eylau, Friedland and the 1812 Invasion of Russia and it's pivotal battle of Borodino.
		Although the Russian Army contained substantial light infantry, it is said that their deployment as skirmishers never had the flexibility or efficacy of the French or British units of like character.
	home.att.net /~superspy/russorg.htm (2198 words)

	(ARMY REPORT ON REVOLT) Tall Armenian Tale: The Other Side of the Falsified Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Plaston regimen from the Russian army, First Kazakh Cavalry and Armenian gangs from Oltu, Sankarmis(h), Kagizman were sent to the direction of Id, Kotek, Pasin Kara Church and Bayezid, armed with machine guns and cannons.
		It was understood by the 3rd Army that a winter war was undesired and for that reason they forced the Muslim villages living near the border back into their houses.
		Such was the situation of the 3rd Army during this threatening movement of the Russian army inside Turkish territory, in order to wage the negative effects of the war upon this land.
	www.tallarmeniantale.com /army-report-on-revolt.htm (4074 words)

	Russian Archives Online > The Gallery > The Red Army
		In June, Marshall Tukhachevsky, first deputy commissar of war, who, despite his rich family background served the Soviet cause with much success from the beginning, and seven other generals were found guilty of plotting to betray the Soviet Union to Japan and Germany.
		After initial setbacks in the war, the army was reorganized, aided by the enormous number of recruits and the vastness of the territory.
		The Russian army's numbers keep going down but it is still a force the world has to reckon with.
	www.pbs.org /redfiles/rao/gallery/old/redarmy.html (832 words)

	Russian Revolution of 1917, series of events in imperial Russia that culminated in 1917 with the establishment of the ...
		The first was the government's policy of postponing for future determination by a constituent assembly the solution of such pressing problems as economic disorganization, the continued food crisis, industrial reforms, redistribution of land to peasants, and the growth of counterrevolutionary forces.
		In his first address to the delegates, he advocated uncompromising opposition to the war and the Provisional Government and irreconcilable hostility toward all supporters of both; he proposed that the party struggle for the establishment of a proletarian dictatorship.
		Some land committees were dissolved by the government; the death penalty, abolished during the first days of the revolution, was restored in the fighting zones although not enforced; and the convocation of the constituent assembly was postponed to the end of November.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/russianrev.html (4539 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Battle of Tannenberg, 1914
		The two armies planned to combine in assaulting General Prittwitz's German Eighth Army, Rennenkampf in a frontal attack while Samsonov engulfed Prittwitz from the rear.
		Helmuth von Moltke, the German Army Chief of Staff in Berlin, was similarly nervous of the German Army's prospects in the east.
		Such was the lustre of the victory - combined with later albeit lesser successes at the First and Second Battles of the Masurian Lakes, that Hindenburg later replaced Erich von Falkenhayn as German Chief of Staff, bringing with him to Berlin Ludendorff as his quartermaster general.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/tannenberg.htm (1516 words)

	Alexander Samsonov, 1859-1914, Russian General
		With this in mind, it is perhaps odd that at the outbreak of the First World War the two men were entrusted with the invasion of German East Prussia, and the total lack of co-operation between the two men doomed both of their armies.
		The Russian First Army, under Rennenkampf, was to cross the eastern border of East Prussia, from Russia proper, while Samsonov, in command of the Russian Second Army, was to invade from the south, from Russian Poland.
		However, the resulting battle of Gumbinnen (20 August 1914), at first appeared to be a disaster, and Prittwitz was panicked into suggesting a withdrawal to the Vistula, and the abandonment of East Prussia.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/people_samsonov.html (493 words)

	The Russian Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Russian Chancellor Rostopchin wrote: "Russia, as much by her position as by her inexhaustible resources, is and must be the first power in the world." Many in Europe were alarmed at this seemingly inexorable onward march of Russian power.
		Russian aristocrats were shocked when the citizens in France proclaimed "liberté, egalité, fraternité" and the country of high culture, the language of which was spoken in salons from Madrid and London to Berlin, Warsaw, Vienna and Rome found itself in the hands of the revolutionaries.
		He said: "As long as the Russian army exists, and is in a condtition to oppose the French, we preserve the hope of winning the war." Kutuzov retreated on the Kaluga road.
	web2.airmail.net /napoleon/Russian_army.htm (7320 words)

	GMT GAMES: Project 500
		Beginning with the Russian invasions of Prussia and Galicia in August and ending after the Battle of Lodz in December, it recreates the ebb and flow of the huge forces sent marching across the Eastern Front in 1914.
		Two Russian armies, later reinforced by a third, attempt to envelop a lone German army and in the end, historically, are shattered and driven from Prussia.
		Russian pre-war plans were so poorly laid that the campaign, even though reinforced by an entire additional army, is a close run battle.
	www.gmtgames.com /twilighteast/main.html (731 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The First Army, commanded by Paul Rennenkampf, advanced from the northeast, while the Second Army, commanded by Alexander Samsonov, advanced from the south.
		The two armies were to defeat the German Eighth Army garrisoning East Prussia, cut off the province from Germany, and open up the way for a general offensive toward Berlin.
		At the Battle of the Masurian Lakes, the Russian First Army suffered 70,000 casualties and 30,000 captured.
	ebookpreview.abc-clio.com /ebooks/1576077330/pg_862.asp (650 words)

	The Russian Tragedy by Berkmen
		The Russian Revolution was but the first serious combat of the two forces, whose struggle must continue till the final triumph of the one or of the other.
		But, sad to state, it is the would be friends of Russia and of the Russian Revolution who have done the greatest harm to the Revolution, to the Russian people, and to the best interests of the working masses of the world, by their exercise of zeal untempered by truth.
		At the X. Congress of the Russian Communist Party (March, 1921) Lenin declared merciless warfare against the faintest symptom of syndicalist tendencies, and even the discussion of syndicalist theories was forbidden the Communists, on pain of exclusion from the Party.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_archives/bright/berkman/russiantragedy.html (8153 words)

	Russia: Systematic 'Hazing' a Serious Abuse (Human Rights Watch, 20-10-2004)
		Throughout their first year, new recruits live under the constant threat of violence for failing to comply with second year conscripts’ arbitrary demands, ranging from polishing their boots to procuring food and alcohol.
		First year recruits spend much of their time complying with these demands, as any failure to do so routinely results in violent beatings or other physical punishment, usually carried out after officers have left the base.
		The vast majority of army officers either choose to ignore evidence of the abuses, or to encourage them because they see dedovshchina as an effective means of maintaining discipline in their ranks.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2004/10/20/russia9525.htm (763 words)

	Military Campaigns of World War 1 - Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The newly formed Eleventh Army is moved from the Western Front, covered by the attack on Ypres on the 22nd, and placed with the Austrian Fourth under Mackensen's command behind the Gorlice-Tarnow gap, south of the Vistula River.
		As the Russians retreat, the province of Courland on the Baltic coast is occupied and pressure put on the Polish salient from the northwest and southwest.
		The Russians continue to retreat in Poland and both Warsaw and Brest-Litovsk fall - Warsaw on the 4th, and the fortress of Brest-Litovsk on the 25th.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1CampaignsRussia.htm (4742 words)

	War in Chechnya - 1999, news archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This tank battalion was the first Russian army unit to enter Chechnya last year and was involved in combat operations as the part of the Eastern group of federal forces.
		Russian military officials announced that the total number of federal troops in the province will be decreased from 93 000 to about 50 000 over the next several weeks.
		In this area Russian forces are represented mainly by the 6000-strong airborne assault units under the command of Col. Gen.
	www.aeronautics.ru /chechnya/022000.htm (796 words)

	Glossary of Events: WWI: Russia
		Russia entered the first world war with the largest army in the world, standing at 1,400,000 soldiers; when fully mobilized the Russian army expanded to over 5,000,000 soldiers (though at the outset of war Russia could not arm all its soldiers, having a supply of 4.6 million rifles).
		The Russian Army quickly shattered their front line on the border of Galacia, forcing the Austrian army to retreat.
		The German Army followed at the heels of the retreating Russians, but by the end of September the German advance halted to reinforce all the gains it had made: the new front was established from the Southern border of the Russian state of Moldavia straight up to kilometers outside Riga in Latvia.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/events/w/ww1/russia.htm (1231 words)

	Russian Army - Overview
		This extraordinarily high percentage reflected both the Soviet and Russian tradition of giving little authority to the enlisted ranks, as well as the vestiges of the much larger military cadre inherited from the Soviet army.
		The Russian tradition of hazing in the ranks, which became more violent and was much more widely reported in the 1990s, also has contributed to society's antipathy toward military service.
		The army had not conducted a regiment or division-scale field training exercise in over two years and most battalions were lucky to conduct field training once a year.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/army-intro.htm (1006 words)

	Russian Army
		During the early stages of the First World War, the Russian Army was mainly concentrated on the Eastern Front but some detachments also served on the Balkan Front and the Western Front.
		The impression I got in April was the Russian troops, all the men and most of the officers, were magnificent material who were being wasted because of the incompetence, intrigues, and corruption of the men who governed the country.
		The Russian officers, brutal as they often were to their men (many of them scarcely considered privates to be human), were as a rule friendly and helpful to us.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWrussiaA.htm (1954 words)

	CNN - Well-armed Chechens await Russian offensive - October 20, 1999
		MOSCOW (CNN) -- As Russian forces dig in just north of the Chechen capital, Grozny, Chechen fighters steel themselves in their trenches around the city, waiting for a Russian onslaught.
		Russian forces entered Chechnya on September 30, quickly seizing the northern third of the breakaway region to establish what they termed a "security zone" to prevent rebel incursions into neighboring republics.
		But in the face of the Russian army's heavy air and ground offensive, Chechen rebels have stockpiled heavy firepower of their own.
	cnnstudentnews.cnn.com /WORLD/europe/9910/20/russia.chechen.fighters (386 words)

	::The Battle of Tannenburg:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In fact, the Russian army never fully recovered from the battle at Tannenburg and the contribution of Russia’s disillusioned army to the February/March Russian Revolution has been well chronicled.
		Prittwitz had feared that his army would be encircled after Rennenkampf’s army had defeated the Germans at the Battle of Gumbinnen.
		That it continued as a military force was simply a comment on the sheer size of the Russian army as opposed to its desire to fight again.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /battle_of_tannenburg.htm (782 words)

	First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Russian First Army (Rennenkampf), which had remained well away from the Tannenberg battlefield, was moving slowly forward through the Insterburg Gap between Königsberg and the Masurian Lakes.
		By 13 September, East Prussia had been cleared of the Russian army, at a cost of 10,000 German casualties; it was another major German victory even though there had been no envelopment.
		Zhilinsky, the army group commander who was the architect of the Russian invasion, was dismissed for incompetence.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/masurian.htm (259 words)

	MANNERHEIM - Military Career - Mannerheim in the First World War
		Mannerheim, who served in the Russian army, first commanded the Separate Cavalry Brigade of the Guard, consisting of the Uhlan Regiment of Life Guard, the Grodno Hussar Regiment and one artillery battery.
		In September 1914, the brigade was engaged in the protection of the manoeuvres of the army near the town of Opatov on the River Vistula in the ranks of Genral Delsal’s detachment, participating in the battle of Sloptov-Klimonotvi.
		In October and November 1914, Mannerheim’s brigade participated, in the ranks of the 9th Army, in the battles of Ivangorod, Tsharnyjlas-Zvolja, Politshna, Zvolen, Kutshk, Gezin, Leshtshiny, Komork, Piotrkovits, Pintshov, Hraberzh, Pomovits, Vavrzhentshits and Krakov.
	www.mannerheim.fi /05_s_ura/e_manmm1.htm (450 words)

	Battle of Tannenberg, 26-31 August 1914
		On 24 August the Russian advance was halted at the battle of Orlau-Frankenau by the German XX Corps, which then withdrew to Tannenberg.
		Unbelievably, the Russians were using uncoded radio transmissions, and by this point the Germans knew exactly where the Russian troops were.
		On the third day (29 August), the I Corp completed the encirclement of the Russian army, after which Samsonov was never heard from again, and his army disintegrated.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_tannenberg.html (207 words)

	Virtue Magazine » The First World War - Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The plan was to leave a token force in the east to delay the Russians, while a massive army would flood through the low Belgian plains, cut through the heart of France, outflank and capture Paris, and forced the surrounded French armies to surrender, thus winning the war in a matter of weeks.
		The peoples were enthusiastic for the war, each believing their victorious army would be home “before the leaves fell.” They all marched to the attack, confident this war would be in the mode of the short, decisive wars of the latter 19th century.
		Ignoring the Russians, whose lumbering army was preparing to invade both Germany and Austria, the German army plunged across the frontier, occupying little Luxembourg, and, after King Albert’s refusal to allow an unopposed passage through Belgium, attacking that small country.
	www.virtuemag.org /articles/the-first-world-war-part-2 (1376 words)

	THE HOLOCAUST PROJECT - Timebase 1914
		The German First Army under Gen. Alexander von Kluck and the Second, commanded by Gen. Karl von Bulow, pour through the Liege corridor and across the Meuse.
		Confident that the French armies are on the brink of destruction, he detaches two corps from Kluck's army to the Eastern front, where the Russians are threatening East Prussia.
		Four German corps of the Eighth Army are transferred by rail to the vicinity of Krakow.
	www.humanitas-international.org /holocaust/1914tbse.htm (3524 words)

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