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Topic: Russian Foreign Affairs after the Crimean War

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	Desi Hot OR Hot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the Crimean War, Russia pursued cautious and well-calculated foreign policies until nationalist passions and another Balkan crisis almost caused a catastrophic war in the late 1870s.
		Russian troops first moved to gain control of the Caucasus region, where the revolts of Muslim tribesmen—Chechens, Circassians, and Dagestanis—had continued despite numerous Russian campaigns in the nineteenth century.
		Russian nationalists were furious with Austria-Hungary and Germany for failing to back Russia, but the tsar accepted a revived and strengthened League of the Three Emperors as well as Austro-Hungarian hegemony in the western Balkans.
	www.desihotornot.com /encyclopedia/index.php?title=Russian_Foreign_Affairs_after_the_Crimean_War (3039 words)

	User talk:Tommiks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The wars with Venice continued after the fall of Constantinople, in 1463-1479, and after the Cyprus fell to Venice, in 1499-1503.
		After a series of inconclusive wars over the course of 150 years, the kingdom finally crumbled in the Battle of Mohács of 1526, after which most of it was either occupied or brought under Ottoman suzerainty.
		After winning the Battle of Vienna, the Holy League gained upper hand, and conducted the reconquest of Hungary (Buda and Pest, the former under the command of a Swiss-born convert to Islam, was retaken in 1686 - followed by a mass slaughter reminiscent of the Crusaders' taking of Jerusalem).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/User:Tommiks (2134 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This period is also regarded by many as the Russian Empire, however many also consider the Soviet Union to have been a continuation of the empire up until the fall of the Soviet government in 1991.
		Fixing the period of the Russian Empire is contentious, whereas fixing the period of Imperial Russia is more straightforward.
		Russian Imperialism in Asia and the Russo-Japanese War
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/i/im/imperial_russia.html (80 words)

	Russian crimean war, the crimean war in Russia, crimean war society, crimean war 1854, Russia Crimea crimean war causes ...
		Russian crimean war, the crimean war in Russia, crimean war society, crimean war 1854, Russia Crimea crimean war causes of the crimean war on RussiansAbroad.com
		The 1856 Treaty of Paris, signed at the end of the Crimean War, had demilitarized the Black Sea and deprived Russia of southern Bessarabia and a narrow strip of land at the mouth of the Danube River.
		Russian troops first moved to gain control of the Caucasus region, where the revolts of Muslim tribesmen--Chechens, Cherkess, and Dagestanis--had continued despite numerous Russian campaigns in the nineteenth century.
	www.russiansabroad.com /russian_history_39.html (1002 words)

	Pravda.RU:Russia to Mark Diplomats' Day for the First Time
		After the October Revolution in 1917 the People's Comissariat for Foreign Affairs (Narkomindel) was set up by the Decree of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets.
		Russian diplomats greatly facilitated the all-European process, the landmark event of which was the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe signed in Helsinki in 1975.
		After the collapse of the Soviet Union when the country was experiencing hard times Russia managed to protect the national interests on the international scene.
	english.pravda.ru /society/2003/02/10/43188_.html (559 words)

	Imperialism, to the Crimean War
		In warring against the south he emerged victorious, with young women in the south distributed as slaves to soldiers of the north, and with Aga Muhammad Khan presented with 20,000 pairs of eyeballs.
		Russian goods were to be exempt from tariffs within Iran; Russians in Iran were not to be subject to Iranian law; and the Iranians were not to have a naval force on the Caspian Sea.
		After Russia's attack at Sinop it was widely believed in Britain that Turkey was unable to defend itself against the Russians and that the Russians had to be defeated.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h38-br.html (7676 words)

	Pravda.RU:Russia seeks justice 150 years after the Crimean War
		After Russia's military defeat, the victorious coalition launched a campaign designed to depict Russia as pursuing a policy of aggression against the Ottoman Empire.
		Russian diplomats believe that France and Britain, which unleashed the Crimean War, should shoulder the entire responsibility for this.
		Foreign policy issues must be freely discussed to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, believes Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin, deputy chairman of the department of foreign church relations of the Moscow Patriarchy.
	english.pravda.ru /main/2004/03/12/52755_.html (1169 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Crisis in the Caucasus: A New Look at Russia's Chechen Impasse - Charles King
		Especially in the second war, the Russian government has restricted press access, and the profitable industry of kidnapping, a favored practice on all sides, has ensured that even the most intrepid observers have generally stayed away.
		The level of Russian military casualties is approaching that sustained by the Soviet Union during its ten-year quagmire in Afghanistan.
		It is jarring, therefore, to read Evangelista's chapter on war crimes and international policy, a chapter that should have been the centerpiece of a broad indictment of U.S. and European responses to the war.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20030301fareviewessay10344/charles-king/crisis-in-the-caucasus-a-new-look-at-russia-s-chechen-impasse.html?mode=print (2163 words)

	1877 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		August 9 - Indian Wars: Battle of Big Hole - Near Big Hole River in Montana, a small band of Nez Percé Indians who refused government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the United States Army.
		November 21 - Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record sound (this is considered to be Edison's first great invention) (Edison demonstrated the device for the first time on November 29).
		War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (Russo-Turkish War), leading to the formation of Bulgaria in 1878.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/1/18/1877.html (730 words)

	AllRefer.com - Russia - Foreign Affairs after the Crimean War - The Rise of Revolutionary Movements \| Russian ...
		Russia's primary goal during the first phase of Alexander II's foreign policy was to alter the Treaty of Paris to regain naval access to the Bl ack Sea.
		Russian troops first moved to gain control of the Caucasus region, where the revolts of Muslim tribesmen--Chechens, Cherkess, and Dagestanis--had continued despite numerous Russia n campaigns in the nineteenth century.
		Russian nationalists were furious with Austria-Hungary and Germany for failing to back Russia, b ut the tsar accepted a revived and strengthened League of the Three Emperors as well as Austro-Hungarian hegemony in the western Balkans.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/russia/russia25.html (1583 words)

	Turkish_wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe marked the better part of the history of southeastern Europe, notably, giving infamy to the Balkans.
		The defeat in 1456 at the Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) holds up expansion into Catholic Europe for 70 years, though for one year (1480-1481) the Italian port of Otranto is taken, and in 1493 the Ottoman army successfully raids Croatia and Styria.
		The sixth Russo-Turkish war begins in 1806, ends in 1812 due to Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
	www.comicscomics.com /search.php?title=Turkish_wars (1352 words)

	H-Net Review: David G. Rowley on Russian Nationalism since 1856: Ideology and the Making of Foreign Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Students of Russian imperialism, Russian nationalism, and Russian state-building will find extremely enlightening her case studies of aggressive Russian nationalism and her discussion of the nature of nationalism and its relation to state-society relations in Russia.
		Perhaps the strongest chapter in the book is Chapter 5, "Recreating Russia: 1989-1998," a survey of the variety of Russian nationalisms that began to appear in Russia in the waning years of the Soviet Era and that proliferated after the dissolution of the union.
		After all, the ignominious withdrawal of Soviet power from Eastern Europe followed by the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself, could be expected to have been even more humiliating to Russian patriots than Russia's military defeats in the Crimean or the Russo-Japanese wars.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=5588998509023 (1911 words)

	Desi Hot OR Hot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		March 24 - For the first and only time in history, the Boat Race between the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford is declared a "dead heat" (i.e.
		May 5 - Indian Wars: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles.
		December 14 - Serbia restates its previous declaration of war against Turkey
	www.desihotornot.com /encyclopedia/index.php?title=1877 (990 words)

	Asia Times: COMMENTARY: Looking back to the future
		A 19th-century Russian foreign minister has again been held up as a model for Moscow's foreign policy because of his ability to use ''the force of the word'' to prevent other powers from exploiting Russia's time of relative weakness.
		Writing in the latest issue of the Russian Foreign Ministry's journal ''International Affairs,'' Viktor Lopatnikov follows on from the celebration begun by Yevgenii Primakov last year of Aleksandr Gorchakov, Russia's foreign minister for nearly a generation after the country's defeat in the Crimean War.
		To the extent that foreign powers recognize that fact, Lopatnikov argues, they did not in the 19th century and will not be interested in the future in exploiting Russia when it is ''concentrating'' on its domestic affairs.
	www.atimes.com /c-asia/AB26Ag01.html (658 words)

	A British view of the Crimean War: introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was one more foreign matter which broke yet another British government, showing the importance of foreign affairs.
		The Crimean War began under the Earl of Aberdeen who was Prime Minister between 1852 and 1855; it ended under Palmerston who replaced Aberdeen when the latter's ministry was brought down by a vote of 'No Confidence' in 1855.
		The Crimean War was the first war involving European nations since 1815: the aims of the peacemakers at the Congress of Vienna, to maintain a peace for at least 25 years, had been more than met.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/crimea/intro.html (489 words)

	EurasiaNet Culture - Book Review: Contradictions in Russian Foreign Policy
		Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov’s book, The New Russian Diplomacy, is instructive for both what it says and doesn’t say.
		Ivanov charts a course for the revival of Russia’s geopolitical fortunes, yet the foreign minister shies away from confronting the contradictions that face the Russian government.
		It should be no surprise that there are often contradictions between the domestic and foreign policies, or between different foreign policies, that a state pursues.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/culture/articles/eav012403.shtml (1026 words)

	Pravda.RU Russia seeks justice 150 years after the Crimean War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One-third of all Russians (32%) feel that the law permitting foreigners to adopt Russian children should be softened.
		Such was the result of an all-Russian survey conducted by the polling firm ROMIR Monitoring in February More details...
		Russian President Vladimir Putin has called on Russian citizens to go to the polls on March 14, 2004, the day of Russia's presidential elections.
	english.pravda.ru /main/2004/03/12/52755.html (2919 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War (2000)
		Even in the post-Cold War period there appear to be several reasons for the lukewarm attitude of the United States toward the OSCE, especially at higher levels in the foreign policy and national security bureaucracies.17 The OSCE is often seen as a distinct competitor with NATO for primacy in providing for security in Europe.
		Indeed, it appears that the Serbs and their Russian supporters were willing to acquiesce in an OSCE role in Kosovo at a time when Russia was not prepared to support a UN Security Council resolution authorizing NATO to take military action to dissuade Serb leaders from attacking the Kosovar population.
		International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War namely, that any particular outcome may be accounted for by a combination of factors, and it is extremely difficult to ferret out the extent to which the involvement of the OSCE may have played a determinative role.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309070279/html/569.html (8493 words)

	1877 FACTS AND INFORMATION
		August_9 - Indian_Wars: Battle_of_Big_Hole - Near Big_Hole_River in Montana, a small band of Nez_PercÃ© Indians who refused government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the United_States_Army.
		September_5 - Indian_Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy_Horse is bayoneted by a United_States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort_Robinson in Nebraska.
		War between Russia and the Ottoman_Empire (Russo-Turkish_War), leading to the formation of Bulgaria in 1878.
	www.witwik.com /1877 (619 words)

	Soviet Union (Former) : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
		Imperialism in Asia and the Russo-Japanese War, 1894-1905
		The Strains of the War Effort and the Weakening of Tsarism
		The Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Judicial Organs, and Non-Political Crime
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/sutoc.html (317 words)

	Documents Related to World War II
		The Reichsfuehrer-SS and Chief of the German Police in the Ministry of the Interior to the Foreign Ministry on the explusion of all Soviet Russian Jews from Reich territory, BERLIN, January 5, 1938, Received January 10, 1938.
		The Reich Foreign Minister to the German Ambassador in the Soviet (Schulenburg), Telegram, URGENT, BERLIN, September 9, 1939-12:50 a.
		The Director of the War Plans Division of the Navy Department (Turner) to the Chief of Naval Operations (Stark), July 19, 1941 [The Possible Effects of an Embargo].
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/ww2.htm (12677 words)

	1877 Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		* August 9 - Indian Wars: Battle of Big Hole - Near Big Hole River in Montana, a small band of Nez Percé Indians who refused government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the United States Army.
		* September 5 - Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
		* War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (Russo-Turkish War), leading to the formation of Bulgaria in 1878.
	www.echostatic.com /1877.html (916 words)

	Russian
		1955 Aleksandr Nikolayevich Yablontsev, Russian Lt-colonel and cosmonaut
		1925 Aleksei Kuropatkin, Russian general/minister of War, dies at 76
		1837 Nikita P Panin, Russian diplomat/min of Foreign affairs, dies at 66
	www.brainyhistory.com /topics/r/russian.html (5015 words)

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