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Topic: Russian Research Module

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Universal Docking Module

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	Space Station K-12 Background Information
		Currently, Bigelow Aerospace is commercially developing inflatable habitat modules, derived from the earlier Transhab concept, intended to be used for space station construction and for a space prize they are funding and operating, America's Space Prize.
		The module moved positions on the station on July 17, 1995 to its final position by the robotic arm aboard the station.
		For the two and a half years that the NASA Space Shuttle fleet was grounded, crew rotation continued on the station through the use of the Russian Soyuz spacecrafts, but construction of the ISS was halted and the science conducted aboard was limited due to the crew size of two.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/astronomy/spacestation.html (5667 words)

	Russian segment of the ISS
		Zarya (Sunrise) Control Module, also known as FGB, which stands for Russian abbreviation of Functional Cargo Block, became the first element of the ISS to be launched.
		The module was expected to remain on the Zvezda's nadir docking port until the arrival of the larger Universal Docking Module, UDM, which would became a hub for four additional modules, including the second Docking Compartment.
		Although Khrunichev's contract with Boeing on the construction of the Zarya control module financed only single module, the Moscow-based company used spare parts and its own funds to build a backup spacecraft in case the original Zarya fails in the launch mishap or in orbit.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_russia.html (857 words)

	21st-Stella:Ponniah:The Final Frontier
		The next component, the UNITY Connecting Module, was launched on the Endeavor Space Shuttle on 10 December 1998 at 1:15pm CST.
		Support technology research and physical and psychological studies were also carried out on board Mir that were aimed towards the construction and implementation of a safer and more comfortable habitation in space.
		Once it was in its 137 by 211 statue mile orbit, the module separated from the proton rocket’s third stage and progressed into an initial elliptical orbit.
	www.vxm.com /stella.finalFrontier.html (2839 words)

	ISS - Zarya Module (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The 20 tonne pressurised module was launched on a Russian Proton rocket 1998 November 20 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
		The module was named Zarya in tribute to the new beginning in space that was ushered in by its launch as the first component of the International Space Station.
		The module is symbolic of the dawn of a new era of joint space flight between all of the station's international partners.
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/ISS/Modules/Zarya.htm (522 words)

	Universal Docking Module - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Universal Docking Module (UDM) was a planned Russian component for the International Space Station, to be jointly built by RKK Energia and Khrunichev.
		The original design would have it docked to the nadir (Earth-facing) ISS Zvezda service module docking port, and have four docking ports to accommodate the Russian Research Modules and SO2 Docking Compartment.
		It should be noted that the name "Universal Docking Module" still appears on the current NASA and ESA websites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Universal_Docking_Module (204 words)

	NASA Spinoff 1996-International Space Station
		Life science research is expected to lead to a clearer understanding of basic processes to provide a foundation for development of advanced medications for improved human health care.
		In the center of the horizontal string of modules is the FGB energy block.
		The four modules of the solar array, generating a combined 92 kilowatts of power, rotate on the truss to maximize their exposure to the Sun.
	www.sti.nasa.gov /tto/spinoff1996/5.html (1101 words)

	Russian Module Brings ISS to Critical Juncture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Russian Zvezda Service Module, which has delayed the $50-billion program two years and stranded the ISS in U.S. political purgatory.
		Module launch and docking would also clear the way for launch of the first ISS crew, U.S. astronaut Navy Capt. Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev.
		These are part of what the Russians call their "first interval set" of primary and lesser correction burns with a total velocity change of 48 meters/sec.
	www.aeronautics.ru /nws002/awst056.htm (2169 words)

	Research Modules
		The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), also known by the name Kibo, is the segment of ISS developed by the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan for the purpose of supporting research and development experiments in Earth orbit.
		The Columbus module is contributed to ISS by ESA.
		The Russian segment is slated to have two research modules to support research payloads generated by Russian researchers.
	stationpayloads.jsc.nasa.gov /E-basicaccomodations/E1.html (908 words)

	NASA mulls early retirement for space shuttle - Space News - MSNBC.com
		While Russian spacecraft have continued to ferry crew members to and from the station, major construction was effectively halted when the U.S. shuttle program was grounded in the wake of the Columbia tragedy in February, 2003.
		Modules designed to be carried by the space shuttle are being deliberately built to fit the shuttle and rely on its very special support structure.
		Special "trunnion pins" on cargo modules are designed to allow the module's mass to hang from them, and to allow the unit to be easily detached or re-inserted in space.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6357772 (1920 words)

	Russian Research Module - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Russian Research Module (RM) is a Russian element of the International Space Station (ISS) that provides facilities for Russian experiments and research.
		One Research Module and the Universal Docking Module have been cancelled.
		The Universal Docking Module will be replaced by the Multipurpose Laboratory Module (built from the FGB-2 Zarya backup),which will be launched in 2007.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_Research_Module (115 words)

	International Space Station
		Research conducted previously in the human space flight program onboard the first US space station Skylab, onboard Russian space stations and on the space shuttle have contributed greatly to medical research, technology advancement and to our understanding of life on Earth.
		Experimental research in the near weightless environment of space produces new insights into industrial process that cannot be replicated on Earth.
		The space station will provide an unequaled environment for research on the growth of protein crystals that help determine the structure of proteins that are characteristic of all living things.
	teacherlink.ed.usu.edu /tlnasa/pictures/litho/issac01/index.html (427 words)

	Chipdir
		RC "Module" is a rapidly progressing company known among the leading Russian and overpasses' companies engaged in the design and development of embedded computer systems based on modern electronic components and technologies.
		RC "Module" has a staff of highly qualified engineers and scientists using the most modern design tools such as Cadence and Synopsys and prototype manufacturing equipment, which permits a very short design cycle (few months) from the concept or idea to the finished prototype ready for mass production.
		Although RC "Module" was founded nine yeas ago, the microprocessor division was established in 1995.
	margo.student.utwente.nl /stefan/chipdir/dsp/module/index.htm (615 words)

	FULL MODULE DESCRIPTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This module aims to provide students with an introduction to the translation of legal texts between Russian and English, incorporating aspects of the Russian, English and EU legal systems as a basis for the translation work and further translation-related research.
		No area of Russian Law is specifically excluded, and the material for translation will include both primary sources (legislation) and journal articles on aspects of current and projected laws.
		Russian Legal Texts: the foundations of a rule-of-law state and a market economy (1998) compiled and edited by W E Butler and Jane E
	www.open.mis.surrey.ac.uk /misweb/modules/7931.htm (611 words)

	Third Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers...: Annex C
		The software for the construction of total ozone fields, developed by Russian scientists (CAO), has been transferred to the WMO Ozone Center (University of Thessaloniki, Greece) and used by them for the routine construction of total ozone fields and their characteristics.
		During the period till 2000 it is planned to launch another TOMS instrument on the Russian Meteor-3 satellite.
		It is planned to create an aircraft research laboratory based on the Russian high altitude aircraft M-55 "Geophysika" to study, in cooperation with the EC countries, stratospheric ozone and chemical processes in the stratosphere.
	sedac.ciesin.org /ozone/WMO/russian_fed.html (704 words)

	Research Module 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Russian Research modules design has been a moving target for much of the ISS program up to 2000.
		Usually, they are expected to be Proton class modules similar to the Kvant-2, Kristall, Spectr, Priroda modules of the Mir complex.
		Several different research modules had been proposed by the Russians since the development of the Mir modules including a medical research module and earth resources module.
	home.comcast.net /~issguide/components/research_mod3.html (163 words)

	International Space Station Portal @ ISSFreedom.com (ISS Freedom) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is a joint project between five space agencies: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, United States), the Russian Federal Space Agency (RKA, Russian Federation), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, Japan), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA, Canada) and the European Space Agency (ESA, Europe).
		The ESA estimates the overall cost from the start of the project in the late 1980s to the prospective end in 2016 to be in the region of €100 billion.
		Modules and other structures have been cancelled or replaced and the number of Shuttle flights to the ISS has been reduced from previously planned numbers.
	www.issfreedom.com (2449 words)

	"Portable Planetariums Home More than a Portable Planetarium" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The pressurized modules and the truss will be perpendicoular: the truss spanning from starboard to port and the habitable zone extending on the aft-forward axis.
		NASA's ISS schedule still includes one Russian Research Module (RM) as part of the ISS that may be docked to Zvezda and is rumoured to fly to the ISS in 2009 on a Russian Proton rocket.
		The main purpose of the Kristall module was to serve as a docking port for the Soviet's Buran-class space shuttle.
	www.planetarios.com /astronautics.htm (11708 words)

	International Space Station (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the accident of the Space Shuttle Columbia on February 1 2003 and the subsequent suspension of the Space Shuttle program the future of the ISS is The construction is practically halted as major of the ISS are so heavy that can only be lifted to the ISS the Space Shuttle.
		In the meantime exchange is done using the Russian Soyuz With Soyuz TMA-2 a two-astronaut caretaker crew is launched of the previous crews of three.
		The ISS has seen the first space Dennis Tito who spent 20 million USD to aboard a Russian supply mission and the space wedding when Yuri Malenchenko on the station married Ekaterina Dmitriev was in Texas.
	www.freeglossary.com /International_Space_Station (2109 words)

	Interactive Component Map
		Living accommodations on the Service Module include personal sleeping quarters for the crew; a toilet and hygiene facilities; a galley with a refrigerator/freezer; and a table for securing meals while eating.
		The two Research Modules (RM) are Russian elements that provide facilities for the Russian experiments and research.
		The Universal Docking Module (UDM) is a Russian element that provides a five-port docking node for additional Russian modules and vehicles.
	stationpayloads.jsc.nasa.gov /D-aboutiss/D3.html (1061 words)

	Russian Life Online
		The MIR core module (20.9 tonnes, 13.13 m x 4.15 m) was launched on February 20, 1986.
		This module featured solar panels that could be folded and unfolded and supported the electrical power system of Mir.
		This relatively small module was designed to study Earth's ecological problems, monitor the ozone and record ocean and cloud temperatures.
	www.russianlife.net /article.cfm?Number=850 (623 words)

	Cancelled and Proposed Modules/Components for International Space Station Alpha
		Also, this same FGB-2 was chosen by Rosaviacosmos to replace the Universal Docking Module (UDM) in the Russian Segment of ISS during the August 2001 redesign of the Russian Segment.
		This second SSM, however, was then removed (but the third Research Module was not brought back!) by the time Russia signed the Memorandum of Understanding for ISS in January of 1998.
		The Russian government was unwilling to move the Kliper program to the forefront of their space development program and therefore restricted its funding.
	www.geocities.com /i_s_s_alpha/dev_canc.htm (5585 words)

	AGI GAP Review of NASA's International Space Station
		Research scheduled to take place is expected to improve techniques used in drug development, helping to more effectively target specific diseases.
		Research in combustion science aboard the space station could lead to enhanced energy efficiency, reduced pollution, and improved processes for producing high-technology materials such as carbon fibers.
		Research planned for the space station includes protein crystal growth and tissue culturing, the latter of which may have applications in the development of new drug therapies for cancer as well as for transplant research.
	www.agiweb.org /legis105/spacstat.html (3695 words)

	The Hindu : The beginning of the end of Mir
		Yuri Koptev, head of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Rosaviacosmos), but for this infusion of money, the Mir would have had to be brought down eight years ago.
		The module will be launched within two years, instead of in 2005 as currently planned.
		The module's design will be modified so that it could be a ``free flyer'' capable of docking and undocking from the International Space Station.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2001/03/07/stories/0207000j.htm (732 words)

	SPACE.com -- NASA Recycles Former ISS Module for Life Support Research
		NASA's former ISS habitation module is lowered into a cradle at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama, where engineers will connect with two test modules for life support research.
		The habitation module arrived at Marshall Space Flight Center aboard NASA's massive Super Guppy aircraft, which ferried the ISS component from the space agency's Kennedy Space Center spaceport.
		Engineers use one existing module to study wastewater collection, while the other is filled with treadmills and hygiene equipment similar to that aboard the ISS, Carrasquillo said.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/060214_iss_module.html (555 words)

	CBS News Space Place - Space News
		Docking at the aft port of the Zvezda command module occurred at 10:29 a.m.
		Russian helicopter recovery crews, flight surgeons and Ansari's husband, Hamid, were stationed nearby to assist the fliers and welcome them back to Earth.
		Russian willingness to sell seats on the Soyuz to generate needed cash has generated criticism in some circles from observers who believe space travel is best left to professionals.
	www.cbsnews.com /network/news/space/recent.html (22351 words)

	NASA - Space Research - Raiding the Cosmic Pantry
		Due to American and Russian astronauts sharing living space aboard the ISS, NASA provides half the food supply, and the Russian Space Agency furnishes the other half.
		The Russian Space Agency primarily uses cans to preserve its food; NASA uses flexible foil packaging to maintain food preservation and to help trash compaction.
		To help break up the monotony, there are usually two space shuttle visits that deliver a bonus container about the size of a lunchbox filled with items not included in the baseline menu such as candy, cookies, preferred store-bought items, and fresh fruit.
	spaceresearch.nasa.gov /general_info/pantry_9-02.html (1274 words)

	RIA Novosti - Science & Technologies - Russian Space Center to complete third orbital module
		MOSCOW, June 30 (RIA Novosti) -The Russian Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos) has allocated money to the Khrunichev Space Center to complete the construction of a multipurpose research module (MRM) for the International Space Station (ISS), the center's head told RIA Novosti Thursday.
		Alexander Medvedev said that the construction of the module was 70% complete.
		The MRM, the third Russian module of the ISS, will be put into orbit by a Russian-made Proton launch vehicle.
	en.rian.ru /science/20050630/40821786.html (232 words)

	SPACE.com -- Russians Proceed with Busy Launch Schedule
		Delay in Russian Launch to Space Station Revives Hopes for Mir Mission
		The Russian Space and Aviation Agency (RASA) has a busy few months ahead of it, as it proceeds with several launches, some of which have been delayed until now because of the country's financial problems.
		The launches of the most powerful booster in the Russian space fleet are currently scheduled for October 21 and October 27, according to RASA spokesman Konstantin Kreidenko.
	www.space.com /news/russian_launches_991007.html (304 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Spacehab research module to fly on 2002 shuttle mission
		A SPACEHAB module aboard space shuttle Atlantis as seen from Russian space station Mir.
		The U.S. Congress has asked NASA to fly one Shuttle research mission every year, "in order to maintain the continuity and quality of microgravity research" until the ISS is ready to operate as a full-fledged laboratory facility.
		Spacehab has flown a smaller Research Single Module (half the size of the RDM) on five Shuttle missions, the last being STS-95, former U.S. Senator John Glenn's return to flight in October 1998.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0012/23sts112 (640 words)

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