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Topic: Russian Rouble

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	Encyclopedia: Russian Empire
		Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start...
		The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a political movement in Russia that climaxed in 1917 with the overthrow of the provisional government that had replaced the Russian Tsar system, and led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, which lasted until its collapse in 1991.
		Tsar (Bulgarian цар, Russian царь, listen?; often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Russian-Empire (806 words)

	Russian ruble - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ruble or rouble (Russian рубль; see note on spelling below) is the name of the currencies of the Russian Federation and Belarus (and formerly, of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire).
		Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the ruble remained the currency of the Russian Federation.
		The form "rouble" is preferred by the Oxford English Dictionary, but the earliest uses it records in English were the now completely obsolete "robble", followed by "ruble".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_ruble (961 words)

	Ruble - TheBestLinks.com - Russian Rouble, Currency, Central Asia, French language, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Russian Rouble, Ruble, Currency, Central Asia, French language, Gold, ISO 4217...
		The ruble (Russian рубль, French-derived transliteration rouble) is the currency of the Russian Federation (and formerly, of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire).
		In Russian, a folk name for "ruble", tselkovyi (wholesome), is known, which is a shortening of the "tselkovyi ruble", i.e.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Russian_Rouble.html (508 words)

	The Objectives, Tasks and Instruments of the Exchange Rate Policy \| Bank of Russia
		One of the main manifestations of the crisis was recurrent instability in the Russian financial markets, which first occurred in the autumn of 1997 and led to growth in the demand for foreign exchange and increased pressure on the rouble exchange rate.
		The rouble exchange rate dynamics was determined not so much by the current state of the Russian economy, as by the expectations of further deterioration of the situation, making forecasting the exchange rate on the basis of fundamental macroeconomic indicators practically impossible.
		The rouble exchange rate in 1999 will be set as a rate balancing the demand for and supply of Russian roubles in the foreign exchange market.
	www.cbr.ru /eng/analytics/money_market/print.asp?file=pvk_e.htm (2347 words)

	YUKOS arrest hits Russian markets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Russian stocks suffered losses of more than 10 percent on Monday, driven down by the plunging shares of oil giant YUKOS which lost one fifth of their value, following the weekend arrest of the firm’s head.
		THE RUSSIAN ROUBLE also dived in early Monday trade as banks rushed for U.S. currency amid fears that the arrest of chief executive Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russia’s richest man, may lead to capital flight.
		The Russian currency had eased about half a percent to 30.0750 per dollar from 29.9156 on Friday as banks rushed to close their short dollar positions, dealers said.
	www.msnbc.com /news/985551.asp?cp1=1 (699 words)

	Development of the corporate securities market in 1996 -1998
		The next phase of the financial crisis in the Russian stock markets coupled with the increased pressure on the rouble exchange rate forced the Central Bank of the Russian Federation to raise twice during April 1998 the refinance and lombard credit rates (Chart 3).
		The role of Russian commercial banks is growing, too (it was especially noticeable in the summer of 1997), although their participation in the investment process remains insignificant.
		Any significant changes in the Russian corporate securities market may only be expected after the threat of the rouble devaluation has disappeared and the situation in the government securities market has stabilized.
	www.iet.ru /special/oecd/ryk/03e.htm (4752 words)

	Ruble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The ISO 4217 currency code for the Russian ruble is now RUB; the former code, RUR, referres to the currency prior to 1997 denomination.
		Historically, it was the name for the first Russian 3-rouble gold coin issued for general circulation in 1701.
		Similary, the amount of 50 roubles is sometimes colloqially referred to as poltinnik (полтинник), despite the fact that normally the word refers to 50 kopeck.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/R/Ruble.htm (845 words)

	Pravda.RU Rouble gains on dollar and euro
		Russians believe that the number of poor in the country is significantly more than reported in official statistics which say 20% of the population is poor More details...
		The Russian Government will submit to the State Duma (Russian parliament's lower house) a package of bills that will bring the country's legislation in line with the laws on delimitation of authorities between the levels of power, Russian Finance Minister Aleksei Kudrin said Tuesday at the Competition and Modernization of the Economy conference More details...
		Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov has arrived in the United States on a three-day visit during which he will participate in the third international conference on the role of the military in the fight against terrorism More details...
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2004/04/06/53247.html (1675 words)

	George Soros: Rouble Can Become Convertible within 5 Years \| RosbaltNews.COM
		The task of making the Russian rouble a freely convertible currency in the course of the coming five years was set by Russian President Vladimir Putin in May in his state-of-the-nation address to the Federal Assembly.
		The Russian Academy of Sciences says that most areas of Russian life are in an alarming state and specialists say this horrible situation is due to the poverty of the government and people.
		Russians are reluctant to return to their homes in Chechnya but representatives of the Chechen diaspora in Moscow say the republic will not recover without them.
	www.rosbaltnews.com /2003/06/11/62981.html (683 words)

	BBC News \| Europe \| Russian rouble in search of a symbol
		By spring, officials from the Bank and the Finance Ministry may have chosen anything from a pretzel to a duck to represent the currency.
		Another suggestion is a variation on a letter in the Russian alphabet, known as the hard sign, which, it is hoped, might lend an aura of hard currency.
		Despite the Central Bank's support for the idea of a rouble symbol, it is not overly optimistic about the results.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/europe/newsid_515000/515967.stm (475 words)

	Asia Times
		The Russian rouble is likely to become the EEC's currency "within the next several months", Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov announced at an EEC meeting in the Kazakh capital of Astana on September 20.
		However, memories of the rouble's volatility are fresh: within days of Russia's August 1998 financial crisis, the rouble had plunged from six to 24 per $1.
		By suggesting that its rouble should dominate the settlement of international transactions among EEC states, Moscow is arguably aiming at having more say in post-Soviet economic policies as it considers itself a leading power.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Central_Asia/DI24Ag02.html (1241 words)

	UCLA International Institute :: Yegor Gaidar: Russia Has Done Better than You Think
		Devaluation of the Rouble and the Crisis of 1998
		Some 54 to 60% of the Russian economy was on a barter basis until the devaluation of 1998, after which this dropped to 15%, an important step toward normalization.
		When asked why Russian goods had not penetrated the American market to the degree that Chinese goods have done, Gaidar replied that Russia was moving toward a knowledge economy and did not have the comparative advantage in labor costs that China had.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /article.asp?parentid=1964§ionid=125&typeid=37 (4644 words)

	Morgan Mint
		These genuine Russian Rouble gold coins were originally minted in early 1900, and first escaped Russia during the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, only to barely survive the Nazi invasion of Norway.
		Russian Roubles were the treasures of the Last Czar of Russia - Nicholas II - who is pictured on each coin.
		When the Bolsheviks seized power over Russia in 1917, all reminders of the Czars were destroyed or defaced, including most surviving gold coins.
	www.morganmint.com /product.cfm?Prod=1808&Link=33 (134 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		According to Hursev, the rouble is within the levels, projected by the Russian government and central bank.
		The crisis on the financial markets and the ever more frequent speculations by foreign participants in the Russian market (Hursev names George Soros) were the reasons for the 90-day fixing of the exchange rate and for declaring moratorium on external debt payments.
		The rouble influences most strongly the Deutsche mark due to the interdependence between the two economies.
	www.b-info.com /places/Bulgaria/news/98-08/aug19d.bta (1597 words)

	BBC News \| The Economy \| Russian rouble devalued
		The Central Bank has announced that the rouble will be allowed to fluctuate up to a rate of 9.5 to the dollar after spending £1bn defending the previous rate of 6.3 to the dollar.
		The lower house of Russia's parliament, the Duma, is to meet in emergency session on Friday to consider the crisis and vote on a new government emergency package.
		The Russian Prime Minister, Sergei Kiriyenko, met President Boris Yeltsin to brief him on the plan to tackle the country's financial instability.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/the_economy/152580.stm (781 words)

	Gateway To Russia - Article - Russian Finance Minister predicts further decrease of RUR/USD rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Russian rouble may strengthen against the U.S. dollar at an annual rate of 3-4%, Russian Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin told a national economic forum in Moscow on Monday.
		The rouble will continue strengthening against the dollar, and this rate will be 3-4% a year," he said.
		In his opinion, the stronger ruble served as a foundation for the greater capitalization of the banking sector.
	www.gateway2russia.com /st/art_172433.php (264 words)

	MOSCOW, RUSSIA: RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LESSON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Russian and English borrowed a lot of the same words from other languages through the years.
		One of my Russian tutors used to tell a cautionary tale about a former student of hers who had had to spend the entire day in the Moscow zoo because he couldn't find the exit - he read all the signs to be pointing to the entrance.)
		These days, prices are written in thousands of roubles, and many of the people in the market don't like to [or won't] accept anything smaller than a 100 rouble note.
	www.armory.com /~alexia/trip/moscow/language.html (622 words)

	Russian bankers appeal to President to make rouble hard currency - PRAVDA.Ru
		I the rouble can be exchanged to any currency, the demand for rouble will increase greatly, primarily among those going to invest in Russia.
		For this reason, a rouble can be made hard currency only after seeing if Russian economy is strong enough.
		Russian President" decision can make the rouble a hard currency, but it will not add respect to the rouble.
	english.pravda.ru /main/18/89/358/13671_rouble.html (567 words)

	Soros sparks turmoil in world shares
		WORLD financial markets were thrown into renewed turmoil yesterday after George Soros, the speculator who reputedly made $1 billion when the pound was expelled from the exchange rate mechanism, intervened spectacularly in the Russian economic crisis by suggesting that the rouble should be devalued by up to 25 per cent.
		Prices recovered slightly and the Russian trading index closed down 6.5 per cent at 101.2, only just off the 100 level at which it was launched in 1995.
		The rouble came under intense pressure on foreign exchanges, dropping six kopeks to 6.36 against the dollar.
	www.portal.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/08/14/wsor14.html (855 words)

	Russian Currency: Rouble and Kopeck
		The starting place to learn the Russian language on the Internet.
		The Russian monetary unit is the ruble, divided into 100 kopecks.
		Russian keyboard stickers today and get FREE shipping.
	masterrussian.com /blcoins.shtml (69 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Belarussia demands guarantees in introducing of Russian rouble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		"The new Russian leadership does not want to follow the path we chose eight to nine years ago (under Yeltsin)," Lukashenko said.
		Russian Vice-Premier and Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin said in Moscow that the time of concluding the Russian-Belarussian single currency agreement depends on the Belarussian side and Moscow is ready to sign it.
		Russian President Vladimir Putin sent a message to the Belarussian president proposing signing the agreement in the near time.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntr33800.htm (209 words)

	Markets spin as Russia hits turmoil
		The drop in Russian oil exports lay behind a $23 billion rescue package from the International Monetary Fund.
		Mr Dennis also said that the Russian government was facing a funding crisis as it had failed to raise adequate taxes and had instead relied on short-term debt.
		The Russian central bank stepped in to intervene in the turmoil, limiting purchases of foreign currencies by Russian banks.
	news.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/08/14/cnsor14.html (742 words)

	Belarus Belarus and Russia Fail to Agree on Shifting Belarus to Russian Rouble
		Russia and Belarus have failed to agree on shifting Belarus to the Russian rouble from January 1, 2005, the Russian government has reported.
		Russian officials say the rouble may still be introduced from 2006.
		Analysts say the Russian rouble as a single legal tender is politically unprofitable for either party.
	www.templetonthorp.com /fr/news581 (152 words)

	Pravda.RU Delayed transition to common currency with Russia will cause loss in Belarussian economy
		The Russian rouble is a more stable currency than the Belarussian 'hare'", the deputy noted and recalled that the European countries which strive for integration have adopted a common currency, euro.
		The company BDO UniconRuf and the Russian Central Bank have signed an agreement on conducting the auditing of consolidated and unconsolidated financial statements of the Russian Central Bank for 2002 calculated in accordance with the International Accounting Standards.
		The 17th meeting of the CIS Economic Council is to be held on the level of deputy prime ministers on Friday, September 5, in Moscow.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2003/09/09/49860.html (2047 words)

	Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rannila’s Russian sales have increased steadily during the last few years, and it is estimated that the devaluation of the rouble will not significantly affect the sales trend.
		The devaluation of the rouble is estimated to reduce the price of Rautaruukki’s raw material purchases and improve the price competitiveness of Russian coal.
		Rautaruukki’s foreign exchange risk caused by the devaluation of the rouble was fully hedged.
	www.rautaruukki.fi /whatnew/pr/pr1908.htm (180 words)

	EH.R: Purchasing power of Russian rouble 1880s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Therefore, the average income across the Russian Empire was less than 60 rubles.
		On the basis of an estimate compiled by the Russian Finance Ministry for 1905, when average incomes had risen to more than 120 rubles, Gregory suggests (page 147) that one per cent of families in the Empire may have earned more than 1,000 rubles annually and obtained 15 per cent of national income.
		He believes that the underlying figures may understate the incomes and overstate the numbers of top income recipients, and so give an underestimate of the degree of income inequality (page 146).
	www.eh.net /pipermail/eh.res/2003-October/001971.html (225 words)

	Sampo
		According to the aforementioned documents, only correspondent accounts of the new type can be used for RUB settlements as from 1 August 2004 as a result of which the requisite information of AS Sampo Pank in connection with RUB settlements will change as from the said date.
		Current RUB correspondent accounts (type K) in Russian banks will be closed on 1 August 2004 and the payments accruing to them will be returned to the remitters with a reference to Regulation No. 259-P of the Russian Central Bank.
		The new Russian rouble correspondent account number of AS Sampo Pank in Vneshtorgbank (Moscow) is 30231 81005 55500 00033.
	www.sampo.ee /eng?id=13341&aeg=1 (211 words)

	Belarus Now: Information and Analytical Bulletin; Politics. Economics. Finances. WWW.OPEN.BY; finance Belarusian ...
		The rates of growth in the official and the domestic controllable Exchange quotations of US dollar and Russian rouble in March did not exceed 3% per month.
		The decline in Exchange trade turnover on US dollar with simultaneous increase in sales of the Russian rouble and German mark was also observed at the additional trading sessions on the ICE in March.
		The Presidential Press Service release said that the revenue part of the budget was 107.7% executed, and that "the budget was executed without credit issue from the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus and with a surplus of 200 bln rubles".
	www.open.by /belarus-now/cont/1998/0414/finance/bg2-fi.html (792 words)

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