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	Russian Ruble and Russian currency information including currency exchange rates
		The Russian ruble, often denoted by RUB (and alternatively spelled rouble), is the name of the currencies of the Russian Federation and Belarus (and formerly, of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire).
		The ruble has been the Russian unit of currency for several centuries, and its name stems from the Russian verb rubit, meaning, "to chop." Historically, "ruble" was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a silver ingot (grivna).
		The ruble was the Russian equivalent of the mark, a measurement of weight for silver and gold used in medieval Western Europe.
	www.gocurrency.com /countries/russia.htm (630 words)

	Russian ruble information - Search.com
		The ISO 4217 currency code for the Russian ruble is RUB; the former code, RUR, refers to the Russian ruble prior to the 1998 denomination (1RUB=1,000RUR).
		The 1000 ruble note of the 1995 series showed the seaport of Vladivostok and the memorial column on obverse and the entrance to Vladivostok on reverse.
		In November of 2004, the authorities of Dimitrovgrad (Ulyanovsk Oblast) erected a five-meter monument to the ruble.
	www.search.com /reference/Russian_ruble (2167 words)

	Russian ruble - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the Russian equivalent of the mark, a measurement of weight for silver and gold used in medieval western Europe.
		The ruble was rebased on January 1, 1998, with one new ruble equaling 1,000 old rubles.
		In November of 2004, the authorities of Dimitrovgrad (Ulyanovsk Oblast) erected a five-meter monument to the ruble.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_ruble (2322 words)

	"The Role of Politics in Contemporary Russian Antisemitism" by Betsy Gidwitz
		The collapse of the greatly overvalued ruble in August 1998 led to a currency devaluation of about 75 percent, a decline in real individual income of about 30 percent, and the entry of a substantial portion of the Russian population into the ranks of the impoverished.
		Between 50 and 80 percent of the Russian economy is said to be in Jewish hands, with the influence of the five Jews among the eight individuals commonly referred to as "oligarchs" particularly conspicuous.
		Russian Jews, Ukrainian Jews, and several Israelis are the dominant figures in the international money laundering scandal that captured world attention in the waning days of summer in 1999.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp414.htm (4673 words)

	Russian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The exchange rate between paper rubles and silver rubles was fixed at 3.5 paper rubles per one silver ruble, - the rate chosen to be close to the market rate on the date when the government decree was issued.
		Although the official exchange rate between paper and silver rubles was fixed, because of large emissions paper rubles lost their popularity and were more and more frequently presented to the government for exchange into silver coins.
		The decree of August 23, 1917 announced the issuance of 20 ruble and 40 ruble banknotes.
	som.yale.edu /~drey/rusbonds/rus_ms.htm (4700 words)

	The Russian Economy: Fixing Russia's Banks: Chapter 2
		Overall, the Russian banking system was structurally insolvent in 1995, with nonperforming debt constituting about one-third of all ruble loans and one-quarter of total loans (see figure 6).
		The Russian firms owned their banks outright and were the principal borrowers of funds from the banks they owned, giving new meaning to concept of "insider" lending.
		Russian banks entered 1992 without a debt burden inherited from the past (the debt burden was the government's foreign debt).
	www.russianeconomy.org /fixingrussiasbanks/html/chapter2.html (8224 words)

	Russian Economy, Ruble, Oil Prices - JRL 8-12-03
		Recently, currency proceeds of Russian exporting companies (they were obliged to sell 50 per cent of their currency proceeds) forced the RF Central Bank to print much more money to purchase all currency imported to Russia.
		The abundance of rubles threatens Russia with inflation and subsequent worsening of the social situation which would be unfavorable for the forthcoming elections.
		Strengthening of the ruble means for them an increase of the ruble costs in production of the goods they export and a reduction of the profits.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/7285-18.cfm (889 words)

	MICEX And The Russian Financial Crisis
		By abandoning in August 1998 the defense of the ruble, imposing a temporary moratorium on foreign debt payments, and defaulting on domestic sovereign debt, the Russian government has brought about a sharp contraction in imports and massive consolidation of a much weakened Russian financial industry.
		In reaction to the Russian government's decisions to float the ruble and to force restructuring of ruble-denominated debt, the governing board of MICEX suspended trading in currency futures and ordered the settlement of all open positions based on the exchange rate prevailing before the government's decree.
		Russian authorities announced that the ruble would trade in a band of 6 to 9.5 rubles per dollar, but the value of the ruble immediately depreciated far outside of this band.
	www.russianamericanchamber.org /newsletter/micex.html (2275 words)

	RUSSIAN CURRENCY - Destination Russia
		RUBLE is the Old Russian payment and monetary unit, this coin was existing in ancient times, in middle centuries, in USSR, RSFSR, in Russia and Belorussia.
		But at that time the ruble was not a full-weight coin, because content of silver was less that in 100 silver kopecks; in fact, real cost of the ruble was 64 kopecks.
		The crisis culminated in the August depreciation of the ruble, a debt default by the government, and a sharp deterioration in living standards for most of the population.
	www.destinationrussia.com /htm/infcurrenc0f.htm (2488 words)

	Russian Ruble Futures Broker, Trade Russian Ruble Futures, Russian Ruble Futures Trading
		Russian Ruble futures and options on futures contracts offer financial institutions, investment managers, corporations, and private investors a means to manage risks associated with currency rate fluctuation and to take advantage of, and to manage, fluctuation of the Ruble versus the U.S. dollar.
		The Ruble is the currency of the Russian Federation, and formerly the Soviet Union.
		The Russian Ruble contract was introduced by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1998 to provide an innovative risk management tool for those interested in the myriad investment opportunities provided by the developing Russian economy.
	www.xpresstrade.com /russian_ruble_futures.php (1033 words)

	nij 200
		Concerning the ruble, it was announced at the session of the HSC that the Russian ruble will be introduced as the sole means of payment in the Union State as of January 1, 2005, a year later than politicians had promised earlier (see NIJ Weekly Service issue no. 290, September 30, 2002).
		Prokopovich stated that tying the Belarusian ruble to the Russian ruble on January 1, 2004, is part of the plan to introduce a single currency in the Union State of Belarus and Russia.
		Thus, the change in Russian plans, not by chance, coincides with the decision of the Belarusian National Bank to delay tying the Belarusian ruble to the Russian ruble, replacing clearing accounts between enterprises in the two countries and rescinding the mandatory sale of Russian rubles.
	www.idee.org /nij306.html (3233 words)

	Russian Currency
		For hundreds of years the unit of Russian currency has been the ruble (рубль, два рубля, пять рублей), which is divided into 100 kopecks (одна копейка, две копейки, пять копеек).
		Under Soviet rule, the value of the currency could change overnight as a result of government edict as was the case in 1947 and 1961, when citizens awoke to the news that new rubles would replace old at a rate of 1 to 10, effective immediately.
		Finally, in 1996, the ruble began to stabilize, and in 1997, the Russian government unveiled a four-year-long switchover to new "deflated" currency.
	www.gwu.edu /~slavic/golosa/ruble.htm (449 words)

	RIA Novosti
		Russian ruble to be freely exchanged abroad in 2-4 years - MP
		Russian goods may become less competitive if the ruble continues to appreciate against the dollar, the head of the presidential administration's expert department said Thursday.
		Russian President Vladimir Putin called Wednesday for work on making the national currency convertible to be completed, oil and gas to be traded in rubles on a domestic exchange, and an innovation-based economy.
	en.rian.ru /trend/ruble (413 words)

	Russian bank, Russian central bank, savings bank of the Russian Federation, Russian Commercial bank, bank Russia, ...
		The Russian banking system has developed from the centralized system of the Soviet period into a two-tier system, including a central bank and commercial banks, that is the standard structure in market-based economies.
		The Russian Central Bank (RCB) assumed the functions of Gosbank in November 1991, and Gosbank was eliminated when the Soviet Union dissolved one month later.
		In its first years of existence, the RCB functioned under the guidelines of the 1977 Soviet constitution and Russian laws passed in 1990, which made the bank essentially an arm of the Russian parliament, whose members manipulated bank policy to help favored enterprises.
	www.russiansabroad.com /russian_history_219.html (749 words)

	Calculator for Russian Ruble (RUB) Currency Exchange Rate Conversion
		Enter the amount to be converted in the box to the left of the currency and press the "convert" button.
		The Russian Ruble is the currency in Russian Federation (RU, RUS, Russia).
		The Russian Ruble is also known as the Russian Rouble.
	coinmill.com /RUB_calculator.html (354 words)

	Citing Russian ruble, Malaysian premier blames speculators Russian devaluation shows solutions for the global economy ...
		Russia's ruble devaluation, just a month after promises of an additional dlrs 22.6 billion from the International Monetary Fund, dramatically underscores the fact that the United States and its rich allies are rapidly running out of solutions to halt a deepening global economic crisis.
		In the Russian capital, demand for dollars was low as people waited for the ruble to stabilize at a higher level and there was no panic withdrawal of deposits.
		Russians have endured wave after wave of financial pain since Yeltsin dismantled the Soviet Union in 1991, suffering through several cycles of hyperinflation that gutted their savings and robbed their pride.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=8521 (3092 words)

	Russian Culture - After Communism, Before Democracy - free Suite101.com course
		The confidence in the state fell almost immediately and people began cashing in their rubles for gold causing the value of the ruble to fall even further.
		Everyone knew that the next day prices would skyrocket in reflect the new value of the ruble (prices of electronics and cars are based in US dollars, and that price in dollars did not change, but the value of the ruble went from about 6 to 36 per dollar).
		The ruble fell in value because on that day, in the Russian stock market, not one US dollar was sold.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/18808/2184 (1352 words)

	Ruble trading halted - Aug. 26, 1998
		NEW YORK (CNNfn) - Trading of the Russian ruble was halted Wednesday against the U.S. dollar as investor fears about the country's ailing economy turned from bad to worse.
		The ruble also slid 40.8 percent against the mark in thin trade on Wednesday, fixing at 7.6000 rubles per mark versus 4.4995 rubles to the mark on Tuesday.
		The ruble fell 10 percent Tuesday to 7.88 from 7.14 to the dollar after trading was twice suspended.
	money.cnn.com /1998/08/26/economy/ruble (788 words)

	Prospects for the Litas: the Impact of the Russian Crisis - Kairys, Sabunas
		Following the collapse of the Russian ruble at the end of August 1998, we examined the prospects for the Lithuanian litas in the wake of the Russian economic and financial crisis.
		The pegging of the litas in 1994 was a good policy choice to establish the credibility of a newly introduced currency, as well as to serve as an anchor until the lingering effects of the hyperinflation from the collapse of the Soviet Union could be purged from the economy.
		We considered four different policy responses to the Russian devaluation, and we believed that the optimal policy response to the ruble devaluation was a proactive devaluation of the Lithuanian litas.
	www.lituanus.org /1999/99_3_02.htm (7830 words)

	Russian Rouble or Russian Ruble is Russia's currency. Russian Currency and its rouble/ruble bank note and kopek and ...
		Russian Rouble or Russian Ruble is Russia's currency.
		Russian Currency and its rouble/ruble bank note and kopek and rouble coin denominations.
		Russian Coins range from 1 kopek to 10 roubles, with intermediate values of 5, 10, 50 kopeks and 1, 2 and 5 rouble coins.
	www.bravosolutions.com /roubles.php (177 words)

	Russia Blog: Great News - Russian Ruble is Falling
		It’s a happy news to see the Russian ruble devaluating, because many people are getting their salaries “under the table” in American dollars - cash.
		The flat tax of 13% is withheld from the official Rubles salary, which is about 10-15% of the real one; the rest comes in a plain postage envelope.
		It is important to note, however, that the views expressed on this blog are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Discovery Institute.
	www.russiablog.org /2005/05/great_news_russian_ruble_is_failing.html (262 words)

	Russian Ruble Success Highlights Demise of U.S. Dollar
		The Russian ruble, which utterly collapsed less than a decade ago, is beginning to challenge the once reliable dollar as the next foreign reserve currency.
		Litle, who is the editor of the critically acclaimed newsletter Outstanding Investments, believes that the ruble’s recent growth signals the weakening of global democracies and the inevitable rise of national oil companies controlled by authoritarian states.
		“The Russian economy, along with the ruble, was completely down and out,” he stressed, “and now it has managed to start competing with the dollar.
	www.dailyreckoning.com /Media/PR082506.html (465 words)

	Ruble - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ruble or rouble is a unit of currency.
		It is currently the currency unit of Belarus, Russia, and Transnistria, and was the currency unit of several other countries, notably countries influenced by Russia/the Soviet Union.
		One ruble is divided into 100 kopeks or copecks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruble (170 words)

	ODA - Story of the Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Russian ruble has also been riding a roller coaster just this past week.
		Another concern: The weak ruble may give other countries a leg up on the U.S. "Depending on how our currency is valued against other currencies and the ruble, we may end up at a slight competitive disadvantage," says ODA assistant director Jeff Jones.
		Jones adds there are a number of Russian contacts on the U.S. West Coast that have effectively established some strong business partnerships between American companies and Russian buyers.
	www.oda.state.or.us /information/news/1998/russian_ruble.html (977 words)

	Belarus Once Again Delays Introduction of Russian Ruble - MONEY - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Belarus will not introduce the Russian ruble into circulation on Jan 1, 2006, as was earlier planned, the chairman of the Belarusian National Bank Petr Prokopovich said on Monday, Aug. 29.
		According to Kudrin, Belarus’ failure to prepare for the introduction of the Russian ruble was mostly down to the fact that Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko and his government demanded compensation for the Belarusian budget.
		The Russian authorities continue to speak in favor of unification, but in reality virtually nothing is being done to actually move the process along.
	www.mosnews.com /money/2005/08/30/belarusruble.shtml (464 words)

	RIA Novosti - Russia - Russian ruble to be freely exchanged abroad in 2-4 years - MP
		Russian ruble to be freely exchanged abroad in 2-4 years - MP MOSCOW, June 5 (RIA Novosti) - Russia's national currency will be freely exchanged outside the country in two to four years, a senior member of the lower house of parliament said Monday.
		President Vladimir Putin said in his May 10 state of the nation address that work on making the national currency fully convertible should be completed by July 1, almost six months ahead of the original January 1, 2007 deadline.
		Anatoly Aksakov, deputy chairman of the State Duma's committee for credit organizations and financial markets, said he was confident that Russians would soon be able to travel overseas without having to change their rubles into another currency before leaving.
	en.rian.ru /russia/20060605/49082337.html (382 words)

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