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Topic: Russian space dogs

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	Laika the Russian Space Dog at tedstrong.com
		Laika was one of the Russian space dogs and the first living passenger to enter orbit on Sputnik 2, a Soviet spacecraft.
		Russian officials have since expressed regret for allowing Laika to die; to this date, Laika is the only living passenger ever to have been launched into space without the intention of retrieval.
		To adapt the dogs to the confines of the tiny cabin of Sputnik 2, they were kept in progressively smaller cages for periods up to 20 days, placed in centrifuges that simulated the acceleration of a rocket launch and placed in simulators that simulated the noises of the spacecraft.
	www.tedstrong.com /laika-trsd.shtml (1593 words)

	Dogs
		Abandoned dogs who go feral are particularly dangerous; they lack the skills of wild canines at survival in the wild, as well as the genetic and learned fear of humans that keeps wild canines away from humans and their possessions, so they form predatory packs that attack livestock and occasionally also prove dangerous to humans.
		Dogs with strong chase instincts may also fixate on specific stimuli, such as a fast-moving, brightly colored running or cycling shoe, as a prey object, and not recognize the whole picture as a human being; this is probably operative in the majority of cases of otherwise nonaggressive dogs chasing cyclists and runners.
		Dogs possess a rete mirabile in the carotid sinus at the base of their neck, a complex of intermingled small arteries and veins which acts as a heat exchanger to thermally isolate the head, containing the brain, the most temperature sensitive organ, from the body, containing the muscles, where most of the heat is generated.
	www.paleorama.com /Mammals-D/Dogs.php (7771 words)

	Message from the First Dog in Space Received 40 Years Too Late (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Russian authorities had previously circulated reports that Laika survived in orbit for four days and then died when the cabin overheated due to a battery malfunction.
		Laika was the only one Russian scientists knowingly sent into space to die; the time frame under which Soviet technicians had to work did not allow for the development of a space craft that could sustain life during a long flight or survive a re-entry without burning up.
		Soviet space dogs were stray mutts gathered from the streets of Moscow and adapted in centrifuges that simulated the extreme G-forces of take-off.
	www.dogsinthenews.com /issues/0211/articles/021103a.htm (1559 words)

	Space Today Online - Animals - Dogs in Space
		For practice suborbital flights, the dogs Albina and Tsyganka were blasted upward to the edge of Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of 53 miles where they were ejected to ride safely down to Earth in their ejection seats.
		Whichever, it was the first cat in space as the capsule in the rocket's nose cone separated at 120 miles altitude and descended by parachute.
		It is lofted to space by a Soyuz rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northern Russia.
	www.spacetoday.org /Astronauts/Animals/Dogs.html (3806 words)

	Russian Space Dogs
		Stray dogs, rather than animals accustomed to living in a house, were chosen because the scientists felt they would be able to tolerate the rigors and extreme stresses of space flight better than other dogs.
		Their training included standing still for long periods of time, wearing space suits, being placed in simulators that acted like a rocket during launch, riding in centrifuges that simulated the high acceleration of a rocket launch and being kept in progressively smaller cages to prepare them for the confines of the space capsules.
		Russian officials feared she had been eaten by wolves but she was found the next day and went on to make a successful flight with a dog named Malyshka ("Little One").
	www.yourdogs.info /articles/russian_space_dogs.htm (995 words)

	Laika Russian Space Dog and Hero
		Laika was found as a stray wandering the streets of Moscow, a female mongrel dog, part-Samoyed terrier weighing approximately 6 kg (13 lb) and about 3 years old.
		To adapt the dogs to the confines of the tiny cabin of Sputnik 2, they were kept in progressively smaller cages for periods up to 15 to 20 days.
		The dogs were trained to eat a special high-nutrition gel that would be their food in space.
	www.yourdogs.info /articles/laika.htm (1317 words)

	Space Race (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Space Race became an important part of the cultural and technological rivalry between the USSR and the U.S. during the Cold War.
		Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky theorized in the 1880s on multi-stage, liquid fuel rockets which might reach space, but only in 1926 did the American Robert Goddard design a practical liquid-fuel rocket.
		The high economic cost of the Space race, along with the extremely expensive arms race, eventually deepened the economic crisis of the communist economic system and proved one of the factors that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
	space-race.iqnaut.net (4763 words)

	Russian space dogs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the 1950s and 1960s the USSR used a number of dogs for sub-orbital and orbital space flights to determine whether human spaceflight was feasible.
		Dogs were the preferred animal for the experiments because scientists felt that dogs were better suited to endure long periods of inactivity.
		Russian officials feared she had been eaten by wolves, but she was found the next day and went on to make a successful flight with a dog named Malyshka (Малышка, "Little One").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_space_dogs (1207 words)

	Zvezda Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The display in the photograph relates to special event in the race to space and the race to space goes back a little farther for me. Two years before this event, in the fall of 1958, I was beginning my senior year in high school.
		The animals were lofted to determine the physiological effects of the space ride." Now 40 years later I am standing in front of a display of the capsule that contained the dogs and their life support system.
		Space Suit Test at Zvezda - The whole purpose for the trip was to observe an actual manned test of the refurbished Orlan spacesuit that was brought back from the Mir by the Shuttle.
	4dw.net /jamesmskipper/MoscowTrip/zvezda_museum.html (1599 words)

	Animals in Space
		Before humans actually went into space, one of the prevailing theories of the perils of space flight was that humans might not be able to survive long periods of weightlessness.
		Dogs were chosen over monkeys because it was felt that they would be less fidgety in flight.
		She was a mutt, given the name ZIB, the Russian acronym for "Substitute for Missing Dog Bobik." The two dogs reached 100 kilometers and returned successfully.
	history.nasa.gov /animals.html (3604 words)

	Space station astronauts take spacewalk amid heightened safety procedures
		Their mission nearing an end, the two space station astronauts took a spacewalk Monday to install antennas and release a baby Sputnik amid heightened safety procedures and multiple breakdowns.
		NASA and the Russian Space Agency instituted extra safety measures to avoid a repeat of the problem that occurred during the men’s spacewalk in January.
		The space station has been home to only two astronauts at a time since 2003, one fewer than usual because of the grounding of the shuttle fleet.
	www.iht.com /articles/2005/03/28/healthscience/web.0328space.php (513 words)

	Famous Dogs & their Owners
		There have been many famous dogs in history and this section of the site is dedicated to the heroic, famous and legendary dogs and their owners.
		The names of the famous dogs might prove to be inspirational for anyone who is looking for a suitable name for a boy dog or a girl dog but a full dog names is also available for a really wide selection.
		Anubis was the God of the Dead and is usually depicted as a fl dog with long sharp ears The fl colour of Anubis is not natural to jackals or to the wild dogs of Egypt - it may refer to the dark discoloration of a body after death and during mummification.
	www.dog-names.org.uk /famous-dogs-owners.htm (2154 words)

	Russian Space Program
		According to Russian archival records, in 1732, the St Petersburg-based Arsenal artillery enterprise originally founded by Peter the Great in 1711, produced 20 rocket-launching devices for the Russian border fortress of Brest.
		It is known that in 1828-29, Russian soldiers bombarded with missiles the Turkish stronghold in Varna, Bulgaria.
		In the fall Russian aviation institutions urgently evacuate to the eastern regions of the USSR in the face of German advance toward Moscow.
	www.2-russia.com /russian-space-program.asp (1216 words)

	A former Russian soldier tells of his war in Chechnya
		After studying for three years to become a special force combatant, he was sent to Chechnya in 2000, nine months after the beginning of the second war that Moscow has waged against separatists in a decade.
		He is quite critical of the leadership in the Russian army, accusing it of all kinds of trafficking, including in soldiers.
		Russian authorities say some 5,300 Russian soldiers have died in Chechnya since 1999.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/041002031449.vkgq0rot.html (738 words)

	cooltech.iafrica.com \| space Russian Soyuz heads to ISS
		A Russian Soyuz spacecraft carrying three astronauts, an American, a Russian and a Spaniard, blasted off from Kazakhstan on Saturday en route to the International Space Station to relieve a US-Russian crew that has been there for six months.
		The mission is seen as a boost for the European space programme, as it is the first space flight for a European astronaut to the ISS since the disaster of the American space shuttle Columbia on February 1.
		Jean-Jacques Dordain, director of the European Space Agency (ESA), said that despite the technical problems encountered after the Colombia disaster "the activities on the ISS continue thanks to the Russians who permit us to have access to the station while we await the return to operation of the shuttle".
	cooltech.iafrica.com /space/279157.htm (665 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Space
		It was German technology divided between the Americans and the Soviets that spawned the space race.
		Not only were they put through rigorous physical training, they were the first humans to prepare for the motions of space flight and the first to undergo psychological testing for their abilities to cope with the dangers, disorientation and isolation of space.
		There wasn't a final agreement on the method of going to the moon inside the Russian camp until February 1967, which was a full six years after the United States had settled on the Apollo and the Apollo lunar module design.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/space/racetothemoon.html (2948 words)

	Still Life With Animated Dogs - Fido Facts
		The seeing-eye dog, or any dog trained to guide the blind, cannot tell a red light from a green one.
		When he leads his master across the street, the dog watches the traffic flow to tell when it is safe to cross.
		One of the world's oldest breeds of dogs is the Saluki, thought to have been developed in ancient Mesopotamia around 3000 B.C. The expression "three dog night," which is attributed to the Australian Aborginal tribe, came about because on especially cold nights nomadic people needed three dogs (wild Dingoes) to keep from freezing.
	www.pbs.org /itvs/animateddogs/facts.html (415 words)

	Space Dogs - Dog Walking and Pet Sitting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Space Dogs is licensed, bonded, insured, and certified in pet first aid and CPR.
		Space Dogs are always exploring new territory, but gain confidence by being supported by the same walker and doggie friends each day.
		While a student at UC Berkeley, she was a foster parent for rescue dogs who needed some extra love and training before they could be put up for adoption.
	www.space-dogs.com (798 words)

	SPACE.com -- Next Space Tourist Launches Website, Aims for Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Space tourist-in-training Charles Simonyi sits inside a Soyuz spacecraft mockup clad in a Russian Sokol spacesuit.
		Previous space tourist treks to the ISS were estimated to cost about $20 million, but that price tag is rising to $25 million, Space Adventures president and CEO Eric Anderson said.
		The Russian news wire service Ria Novosti reported last week that Federal Space Agency officials were discussing whether to delay the mission to avoid the flooding season at the Kazakhstan landing site where Simonyi and the Expedition 14 astronauts will touch down.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/061026_simonyi_spacetourist.html (768 words)

	Bill Keel's Space Bits - USSR/Russian Space History
		Russian citizens now tend to see this as a triumphal human achievement, forgetting that at the time thre was a purely political spin.
		Some dogs were flown multiple times (Otvazhnaya four times), and showed that their physiological reactions were less stressed on later flights.
		In addition to dogs, they also flew rabbits, white rats, and mice (which were especially used in reaction-time and response tests) in the suborbital program.
	www.astr.ua.edu /keel/space/russpace.html (5016 words)

	Dogs in Space: Zoom Astronomy
		Laika was the first dog sent into orbit around the Earth (other dogs were launched earlier on sub-obital flights).
		She rode on Sputnik 2, a Russian mission that blasted off on November 3, 1957 (Sputnik 2 was a metal sphere that weighed about 250 pounds = 113 kg).
		Laika was originally thought to have survived in Earth orbit for four days, dying in space when the batteries to the cabin over-heated.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/dogs (519 words)

	Dogs in Space
		Dogs in Space is also set in a shared house.
		Dogs in Space has an episodic narrative, covering a flow of parties, gigs, bed hopping and the obligatory road trip spread over several months.
		However, Dogs in Space is not as daring as was thought in 1986.
	www.sensesofcinema.com /contents/cteq/01/15/dogs_in_space.html (984 words)

	Laika on TV? - collectSPACE: Messages
		I don't know about Laika, but my understanding is that the dog Strelka was monitored with a video camera while in orbit.
		Strelka was launched into space on August 20, 1960 on a 17 orbit 24 hour flight along with a companion dog named Belka (squirrel) and an assortment of mice, flies, plants, and fungi.
		The mission carrying the dogs Strelka and Belka was later called Korabl-Sputnik 2 and launched on 19 August 1960 and was the first to carry a television camera.
	www.collectspace.com /ubb/Forum31/HTML/000073.html (480 words)

	Laika - The Space Dog
		Here is what I have on both the high altitude flight dogs and space dogs.
		Russian Space Program and were all in training for orbital flight.
		They were also accompanied by another dog, Snezhinka (Snowflake), but she is not pictured.
	www.silverdalen.se /stamps/dogs/library/library_space_dogs_russian.htm (929 words)

	Russian Space Dogs
		Spent a day in orbit, fault in retrofire caused craft to burn up during reentry.
		Upper stage failed, launch aborted, dogs recovered after a suborbital flight.
		The dogs died when the parachute failed to deploy.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/spacedogs.htm (198 words)

	All About Black Russian Terrier Dogs
		the companion dog, the dog as pet, was longed for and highly
		Airedale Terrier, the Russian Water Dog, the Rottweiler, the
		Also atypical is the Black Russian Terrier's love for the cold.
	www.petcaretips.net /black-russian-terrier-dogs.html (450 words)

	Russia's early manned space flight projects (1945-1963)
		The overview of the early Russian manned space flight projects
		A study of a stratospheric bomber based on the German Sanger-Bredt project developed during World War II.
		The reentry capsule of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft with an attached copy of the airlock and the mannequin illustrating the spacewalk by Alexei Leonov.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /spacecraft_manned_first.html (237 words)

	Talk:Russian space dogs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "earth born" has its place here because you can't space out(haha for the pun) the possibility that other living creatures were in space before Laika.
		For instance, Pchelka = "Little Flea" as opposed to "Little Bee." I frankly have no knowledge of Russian and do not know whether his translations are accurate; however, I assume someone here must.
		As (s)he's editing from an IP account and leaving no edit summaries, I felt it best to inform the regular editors of this article that such changes have been made, so that they can review them and revert them if necessary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Russian_space_dogs (346 words)

	Sploid: Russian missile kills U.S. space program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Astrophysicist James Van Allen, the man who originally discovered the belt in 1958, donated the Geiger that was used to build MEROPE.
		The Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the site of the ill-fated launch, was the birthplace of the Russian space program.
		Canine transmissible venereal tumour mystery solved; CTVT is 'rarely seen in pedigree dogs because they are not allowed casual sex'
	www.sploid.com /news/2006/07/russians_missil.php (642 words)

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