Russian westward offensive of 1918-1919

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	Leavenworth Papers No. 7 (August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria)
		The Belorussian offensive of 1944, the Iassy-Kishenev offensive of 1944, and the VistulaOder offensive of 1945 exemplified this new maturity.
		For the Soviets, the Manchurian offensive marked the culmination of four years of bitter conflict with Germany in the west and a similar period of worried attentiveness to Japanese intentions in the east.
		These regulations, descendants in their offensive form of the regulations of 1936, 1939, and 1941, were more detailed than their predecessors.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp (12388 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Russian westward offensive of 1918-1919
		The Russian Westward offensive of 1918 — 1919 it was part of general move of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic into the areas occupied by Germany after its retreat following the defeat in the World War I.
		The offensive in the Vistula river direction by the newly-created Western Army the aim was to establish Soviet governments in Belarus, Ukraine and Poland and to drive as far west as possible and possibly join up with the German Revolution.
		The move of the newly-created (on November 16) Western Army that started at night of November 17 1918 in the operational vaccum created by the withdrawing German army, in the geneal direction of Belarus, Ukraine and Poland (the latter sometimes referred to as "By-Vistula Lands" (Привислянский край) in Imperial Russia) was code-named Target-Vistula.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Target-Vistula (1115 words)

	AllRefer.com - Volgograd (CIS And Baltic Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		During the Russian civil war the city was defended (1918) by Soviet forces under Stalin, Voroshilov, and Budenny, but White troops under Denikin took it in 1919–20.
		The Soviets followed up with a westward drive and generally remained on the offensive for the remainder of the war.
		It fell to the Cossack rebels under Stenka Razin in 1670 and Yemelyan Pugachev in 1774.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Volgogra.html (527 words)

	Chapter 18: WORLD WAR I: The U.S. Army Overseas
		The issue arose again early in 1918 when the British offered to provide the shipping to transport I50 battalions of infantry, which would be used to fill out British divisions that because of the manpower shortage had been reduced from 12 battalions of infantry to 9.
		The Belgian-French-British effort on the Lys bogged down in rain and mud, as had every offensive in that region, while the French in the center of the Allied line were not to begin their attack until British and Americans on their flanks had driven deep enough to threaten the Germans opposite them with entrapment.
		That was a mistake, for should failure occur in an offensive associated with such a grandiose aim, the German soldier would be in no condition to recover from the despair that was bound to follow.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/amh/AMH-18.htm (8675 words)

	Studies in Battle Command
		Although the Russian soldiers considered Balaclava a victory, many of Menshikov's senior officers felt the attack, by alerting the allies to the vulnerability in their lines of communication, was a mistake.
		Moreover, the Russian cavalry, normally relegated to the role of an internal gendarmerie against domestic unrest, was untrained for ordinary military reconnaissance and economy of force missions.
		The Russians, taking stock of their considerable losses, concluded that they were carrying more than their fair share of the war against Frederick and decided not to move against Berlin.
	cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/battles/battles.asp (20636 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nazi Germany
		The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic (IPA, German Weimarer Republik).
		This was done in order to suggest a return to former German glory after the failure of the 1919 Weimar Republic.
		The North German Confederation (German Norddeutscher Bund), a transitional grouping which existed (1867 - 1871) between the dissolution of the German Confederation and the founding of the German Empire, cemented Prussian control over the 22 states of Northern Germany and emanated that same control (via the Zollverein) into southern Germany.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nazi-Germany (1538 words)

	Russian Civil War -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		At the beginning of 1919 the French and Italian governments favoured strong support (in the form of munitions and supplies rather than in men) to the Whites (as the anti-Communist forces now came to be called), while the British and U.S. governments were more cautious and even hoped to reconcile the warring Russian parties.
		In the night of July 16–17, 1918, all the members of the family were taken to the cellar of their prison house and shot.
		In the next months there was a marked drawing together of two main groups of Russian opponents of Vladimir I. Lenin: (1) the non-Bolshevik left, who had been finally alienated from Lenin by his dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and (2) the rightist whites, whose main asset was the Volunteer Army in the Kuban steppes.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9064482 (2587 words)

	ch2.html
		In April 1919, Kolchak launched an offensive against the Red Army, which was to be coordinated with offensives from the north (General F.K. Miller), the south (Denikin), and the west (Yudenich).
		Morever, in the spring of 1918, the Bolshevik government decided to deal with the food shortages in the cities by attacking the peasants, who were now labelled as "petty bourgeois," for refusing to sell their produce to the government for worthless paper money.
		One of the crucial periods that has been and is still being rewritten is that of the Russian revolutions of 1917 and of the civil war that followed.
	www.ku.edu /~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch2.html (21015 words)

	Glossary of People: Ko
		In late December 1918 a section of the Siberian Army, led by General Gajda under the command of Kolchak, marched westward over the Ural mountains and captured the city of Perm.
		By November 14, 1919, almost a year to the day that Kolchak had established a military dictatorship in Omsk, the Red Army, with the help of the revolting peasantry and the soldiers under Kolchak's command, liberated the city of Omsk.
		The peasantry and workers of Omsk revolted on Dec. 21, 1918, outraged by the brutality of Kolchak and his overthrow of the directory.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/k/o.htm (2239 words)

	On the “Defense” Origins of the New Imperialism
		The big German offensive of May-June of that year had placed Western Europe from Norway to southern France under their control and expelled the English from the continent.
		Southward in our hemisphere and westward in the Pacific the path of empire takes its way, and in modern terms of economic power as well as political prestige, the sceptre passes to the United States.
		The bug-eyed panic which promptly ensued in certain circles in the United States was accompanied by the trembling bawls of terror of the most respected loudspeakers of the academic, political, journalistic, and radio world in all the land.
	tmh.floonet.net /articles/defenseorigins.html (8154 words)

	hungary-CL78.htm
		On April 3rd., 1919, as a result of hostile demonstrations outside the headquarters of the People's Commissariat for War by left-wing soldiers, the former SPD leader Joszef Pogany was forced to resign as Commissar for War.
		On October 3lst, 1919 the victory of the national-democratic revolution was celebrated in Budapest with the wearing of michaelmas daisies.
		On February 25rd., 1918 the Propaganda Department of the PC of Foreign Affairs was wound up in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
	harikumar.brinkster.net /CommunistLeague/hungary-CL78.htm (12957 words)

	Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:R from misspelling Definition / Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:R from misspelling Research
		Polish Constitution of 1935The April Constitution of Poland (Polish Ustawa konstytucyjna 23 IV 1935) was the general law passed by the act of the Polish Sejm on April 23, 1935.
		He was taken POW by the Russian Army and imprisoned in the infamous Butyrka prison.
		Wilhelm Orlik-RueckemannWilhelm Orlik-Rueckemann (sometimes referred to as Wilhelm Rückemann; 1894-1986) was a Polish general, military commander and one of the pioneers of armoured warfare in Poland.
	www.elresearch.com /Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:R_from_misspelling (6990 words)

	World War I
		Early in June the third German offensive of 1918 bogged down northeast of Paris, ending the battle of Aisne River III.
		The offensive was planned as a huge pincers: British and French armies attacking from the west, the American Expeditionary Force from the south.
		The Western Front was stalemated by static trench warfare, in which hundreds of thousands of men died in senseless attacks, from the beginning of the war until the armistice of November 1918.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Camp/7624/wwI.htm (2901 words)

	sonn25.html
		Fear of Bolshevism spreading Westward, with Communist uprisings in Germany and Hungary in 1919.
		Failure of German offensive of 1918, Allies advanced, enclosing German armies in Argonne forest.
		January, 1918, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson issues Fourteen Points: offers national self-determination to all peoples, an end to secret diplomacy, freedom of the seas, and a League of c.
	comp.uark.edu /~rsonn/sonn25.html (819 words)

	Untitled1
		Throughout late 1918 and 1919, Wilson used the embassy to procure weapons and other needed military supplies for both the Czechs and the White armies as indicated by a dispatch for 25,000 rifles to be handed over "to the Russian army being formed at Omsk."
		The last surge of Russian morale failed miserably in an attempt to crush the Austro-Hungarian forces in the summer of 1917.
		The first proposal was the Prinkipo proposal which involved a conference of conflicting elements in Russia to be held on the Prinkipo Islands in the Sea of Marmara under the supervision of the Allies.
	www.is.rhodes.edu /modus/97/1.html (6992 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Polish-Soviet War
		The Russian Southwest Front had pushed Polish forces out of Ukraine and was closing on Zamość and Lwów, the largest city in southeastern Poland and an important industrial center, defended by the Polish 6th Army.
		The Polish-Soviet War was the war (February 1919 – March 1921) that determined the borders between the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic and Second Polish Republic.
		The frontiers between Poland and the Soviet Russia were not clearly defined in the Treaty of Versailles and were further rendered chaotic by the Russian revolutions, the Russian Civil War and German withdrawal from the east front.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Polish-Bolshevist_War (5586 words)

	History of Physical Anthropology
		Temujin turned his attention westward, his army reducing much of the Eastern Persian Empire to uninhabited desert.
		Two important laboratories were established that used primates in biomedical research, the Pasteur Institute in 1923 and the Institute for the Study of Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics at Sukhumi on the Black Sea in 1927.
		About the same time (1913-1916), a Russian scientist, Nadine Kohts kept an infant chimpanzee in her home and compared its behavior to her own infant son, Roody.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~bramblet/ant301/two.html (12535 words)

	Russian westward offensive of 1918-1919 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Russian Westward offensive of 1918 — 1919 it was part of general move of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic into the areas occupied by Germany after its retreat following the defeat in the World War I.
		The offensive in the Vistula river direction by the newly-created Western Army the aim was to establish Soviet governments in Belarus, Ukraine and Poland and to drive as far west as possible and possibly join up with the German Revolution.
		Upon the news about the German Revolution, on November 13, 1918 the Soviet government annulled the Treaty of Brest Litovsk and issued orders to the Red Army to move in the direction of Belarus, Ukraine and Baltic States in order to establish Soviet governments there.
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Russian_westward_offensive_of_1918-1919 (1195 words)

	Encyclopedia: Polish Soviet-War
		Target Vistula Conflict Polish-Bolshevik War Date November 18, 1918 to March, 1919 Place Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine Result Unconcluded The Russian Westward offensive of 1918 — 1919 it was part of general move of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic into the areas occupied by Germany after its retreat...
		The Battle of Warsaw (sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish Cud nad WisÅ‚Ä…) was the decisive battle of the Polish-Soviet War, the war that began soon after the end of World War I in 1918 and lasted until the Treaty of Riga in 1921.
		The Communist Party of Germany (in German, Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands â€“ KPD) was formed in December of 1918 from the Spartacist League, which originated as a small factional grouping within the Social Democratic Party (SPD), and the International Communists of Germany (IKD).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Polish-Soviet_War (1195 words)

	Talk:Russian westward offensive of 1918-1919 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I renamed it to " Russian westward offensive of 1918-1919 ", since I finally laid my hand at the book of Norman Davies and checked the references.
		There are no traces of the term "Target Vistula" used by Russians.
		Davies writes that this was the contemporary codename of the operation, although he doubts the Vistula goal was realistic, it was more of a propaganda name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Target_Vistula (1195 words)

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Topic: Russian westward offensive of 1918-1919

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