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Topic: Russification

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	Russification of Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Russification of Finland (1899-1905, 1908-1917, sortokaudet (times of oppression) in Finnish) was a governmental policy of the Russian Empire aimed at the termination of Finland’s autonomy.
		In retrospect, Finnish resistance to the policy of russification was one of the main factors that ultimately led to Finland's declaration of independence in 1917.
		The Russification campaign was suspended and partially reversed in 1905–07 during a period of civil unrest throughout the Russian empire following Russian defeats in the Russo-Japanese War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russification_of_Finland (593 words)

	Russification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a narrow sense, Russification is used to denote the influence of the Russian language on Slavic, Baltic and other languages, spoken in areas currently or formerly controlled by Russia, which led to emerging of russianisms and surzhyk.
		One example of 19th century Russification was the replacement of the Polish, Belarusian, and Lithuanian languages by Russian in those areas of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which became part of the Russian Empire after the Partitions of Poland.
		Some international NGOs argue that Russification policies are occurring in republics inside the Russian Federation like Mari El, but Putin's administration has denied these accusations, and retorted by charging that the NGOs are attempting to destabilize the Volga Republics, as they had, according to the opinion of Russians, done to Chechnya in the past.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russification (5519 words)

	::Russification::
		Russification was designed to take the sting out of those who wanted to reform Russia and to bind all the Russian people around one person — the tsar.
		Before Alexander III, Russification meant that all the tsar’s subjects, whatever their nationality, should be accepted by the tsar as being ethnic groups in their own right provided that they acknowledged their allegiance to the Russian state, which included the government and the church.
		Russification had no time for small ethnic groups that were more concerned about their culture at the expense of Russia’s as a whole.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /russification.htm (1402 words)

	Finland - The Era of Russification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These military considerations were decisive in leading the tsarist government to implement Russification, and it was a Russian military officer, Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov, who, in October 1898, became the new governor-general and the eventual instrument of the policy.
		The first major measure of Russification was the February Manifesto of 1899, an imperial decree that asserted the right of the tsarist government to rule Finland without consulting either the Finnish Senate or the Diet.
		Those most opposed to Russification were the Constitutionalists, who stressed their adherence to Finland's traditional system of government and their desire to have it respected by the Russian government.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-4575.html (1580 words)

	Belarus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During Joseph Stalin's era, a policy of russification was started to "protect" Byelorussian SSR from influences by the West.
		In 1986, a huge part of Belarus was affected by the fallout from the Chernobyl power plant accident in neighboring Ukraine.
		President Lukashenko has introduced laws that force radio and television stations to showcase a percentage of Belarusian talent daily, but it does not specify whether the performance has to be in the Belarusian or Russian language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belarus (3992 words)

	Lithuania 1863-1893: Tsarist Russification and the Beginnings of the Modern Lithuanian National Movement - Strazas
		But the more able Orthodox graduates were dissatisfied with the lowly social status of a state elementary school teachers and tried to use their jobs as a stepping stone to a better position, a practice which, naturally, hindered the teaching process.
		The policy of Russification that was carried out through the schools hampered the Lithuanian peasants' struggle for an education.
		In their view, the most important argument in the apologia for Russification was the fact that the eastern half of the medieval Lithuanian state had been Orthodox.
	www.lituanus.org /1996/96_3_03.htm (10948 words)

	Russification - The New York Times Editorial 7/6/1972 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		What is most remarkable about the recent outburst of overt Lithuanian resistance is the role of the young, of those who were born and grew up under Soviet rule and have no memories of an independent Lithuanian state.
		But there is every reason to suppose that there is similar nationalist passion in the Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and other non-Russian republics, not to mention the other two Baltic states of Latvia and Estonia.
		If the non-Russian minorities were ever able to integrate their activities and present a united front against russification, Moscow would have a major challenge on its hands.
	www.lituanus.org /1972/72_2_02.htm (390 words)

	Russification. Fights for independence
		When in 1855 the "Czar liberator" Alexander II occupied the throne, a much more liberal policy was employed, coarse anti-Jewish methods abandoned, Russification eased, however, was still carried out.
		The czarist Government supported the establishment of the state Jewish schools, considered it to be a tool of Russification.
		Jews, however, realized the role of such schools in the process of Russification and were not very keen on letting their children to attend them.
	litvakai.mch.mii.lt /the_past/russification.htm (501 words)

	Russification
		Russification of the PC Cyrillic and Windows 95/98/ME: Windows 95/98/ME should contain Cyrillic support.
		For many users this may be all that is necessary.
		For detailed instructions on configuring Macintosh Internet applications go to Matvey Palchuk's page: Russification of the Macintosh: Configuring Applications.
	bama.ua.edu /~mlc/russian/russification.html (1592 words)

	Nationalism - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Under his regime, the Soviet Union pursued a policy of defining and encouraging national identities in the Soviet Republics and autonomous regions.
		Nevertheless, they were denied sovereignty, and in many cases there was a contradictory Russification policy.
		A similar approach was taken to the countries in Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet troops in 1945.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/n/a/t/Nationalism.html (6511 words)

	Russification (computers) Encyclopedia Article @ TheEntireWeb.com (The Entire Web) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This page contains quite a lot of relevant information about Russification (computers).
		In computing, Russification is the localization of computers and software.
		This process can be done either by professionals or end users.
	theentireweb.com /encyclopedia/Russification_(computers) (103 words)

	Language Policy in the former Soviet Union
		Before the Revolution, Lenin and the Bolsheviks, meeting clandestinely in various places, developed a strategy (1903) on language that would have, at first, continued the hegemony of Russian in Slavic areas at least, but under pressure from especially the Poles, a more tolerant and pluralist policy was planned.
		Covertly this is russification but overtly it was used to glorify and unify, and prepare for war with Germany.
		By the late 1930's mass illiteracy was gone, mass opposition to sovietization was overcome, and cultural proletarianization had become wedded to russification, partly to pacify segments of the Russian population.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/ussr/soviet2.html (2762 words)

	Russification page
		You, my dear Russian-reading guests, can therefore go to another place for Russification of Macintosh.
		PC users may start with my page, and then continue russification from several other sites, which I will mention below.
		Another place for russification can be Moscow State University
	members.tripod.com /~stanislavs/russian/russify.htm (460 words)

	Belarus Stalin and Russification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To make up for the industrial loss, Stalin ordered the building of new factories and plants, more efficient than most of those elsewhere in the Soviet Union.
		One of the devices Stalin used to "protect" Belorussia (and the rest of the Soviet Union) against possible Western influences was a program of intensive Russification, thus creating a cordon sanitaire for Russia along the Polish border.
		Consequently, most key positions in Minsk, as well as in the western provincial cities of Hrodna (Grodno, in Russian) and Brest, were filled by Russians sent from elsewhere in the Soviet Union.
	www.country-studies.com /belarus/stalin-and-russification.html (193 words)

	FOR THE RECORD: Scholars protest Russification (03/16/03) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Following is the text of the March 3 "Protest Against Russification of Ukraine" issued by the presidium of the World Scholarly Council of the Ukrainian World Congress.
		It may appear that the concern is merely about the rights of the Russian minority or of the "Russian-speaking population" in Ukraine, but in reality, the proposal represents an attempt at legitimizing the political and economic aims of transforming Ukraine into a Russian province.
		The letter states, "The language situation in the country is a clear evidence of inequality precisely of the Ukrainian and not the Russian language: information networks, book publishing, movies and television markets are all spheres dominated by the language of the 'older brother.'"
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/2003/110314.shtml (364 words)

	Windows, Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer Russification - minimum option.
		If you are getting a message saying that these fonts are already installed, go to the next step (Browser Russification) and only if something does not work, find the fonts in the list and remove them by selecting the font and pressing
		Netscape Navigator Russification (if you are using Microsoft Internet Explorer, click here and skip this section)
		Microsoft Internet Explorer Russification (if you are using Netscape Navigator, click here and return to the previous section)
	www.fortunecity.com /boozers/durham/3/rusify.htm (893 words)

	Complete Product Localization for Russian and CIS Markets - Russification Laboratories Inc.
		ccess to the world class translation, localization and business assistance services that Russification Laboratories, Inc. provides to international companies and private clients allows them to get professionally accomplished translation projects and receive localized versions of their products comfortably, inexpensively and at the highest level of expertise.
		The localized version of your product along with translated legal and technical documents, multimedia and marketing collateral that you will receive from Russification Laboratories Inc. at the highest quality and just in time may be your key competitive advantage in the target national marketplace.
		If you are already a member of our extended family of satisfied clients we thank you for your patronage and hope that this new medium will allow us to better serve you in the future.
	www.russification-laboratories.ru /strategy.htm (535 words)

	Russian in different software
		Partially, this interest comes from Russians whose fate brought them outside, and, sitting before a computer far away from Russia, they would like to have Russian support.
		One of the sections that Dazhdbog's Grandchildren supports is this section where I am trying to explain what is involved in this procedure, "russification", as we, the Russians, call it.
		Depending on what you have on desk, it might be very simple, or it might turn out to be a nightmare.
	www.ibiblio.org /sergei/Software/Software.html (1151 words)

	Roy's Russian Language Resources
		Links to a large number of Converters, Fonts, Keyboards, Translators, and more.
		Russification of the Macintosh Because I've been asked by MAC users.
		Here you can find detailed and yet simple instructions on how to make your favorite software work with cyrillic.
	www.royfc.com /ru_lingo_russify.html (791 words)

	Find in a Library: Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855-1914
		Find in a Library: Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855-1914
		Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855-1914
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/oclc/6581158 (80 words)

	Full Russification of Windows 95/98/ME/NT 4.0/2000/XP
		But he decided to try and found a Russification program (I did not heard about it before) called "Chameleon", where authors promised that it will be possible to get back original non-Russian configuration.
		Same can happen with Russian file/folder names - you make Cyrillic a system code page, create some files/folders with Cyrillic letters in their names, then switch back to the original "Western" configuration and there you may accidentally corrupt these Russian files/folders and they become unusable when you switch to Russian mode again.
		To be more specific, it may be possible to do it as a one-way ticket, that is, to change system code page forever, but what often is not possible is a return of an original non-Russian configuration, especially if it was not "Western".
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/PaulGor/full_e.htm (5418 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia
		The puppet pro-Russian Transnistrian Moldavian Republic separatist regime established in the occupied territory is undemocratic, and since 1992 no rotations in the political power have taken place in this area.
		The Transnistrian regime has enforced Russification, the denationalization of ethnic Ukrainians and the discrimination against Moldavians (the attacks of Transdnestrian police against the Moldavian schools from Tiraspol, Tighina (Bender), and Rîbniţa in 2004).
		The Moldovan flag is similar to the flag of Romania, with the same color, but with the addition of a coat of arms, expressing the link between the same nation.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Moldova_(republic) (2116 words)

	The Russification Of The Baltics
		Home » History » Polish/Baltic History » The Russification Of The Baltics
		Is goes without saying that Soviet rule had a number of major impacts on the Baltic States.
		To aid in “russifying” the Baltics, Russians were simply moved in—some people even believe that job vacancies were better-advertised in Russia or Ukraine better than they were in the republic where the job actually was.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/polish_baltic_history/73824 (436 words)

	RASTADT, South Russia Repressions (1930's Communist Russification) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		RASTADT, South Russia Repressions (1930's Communist "Russification" and Extermination)
		This is an extract by Arnold Deibele of Buxtehude in Germany from the document "Repressions"
		Deciding a Public commission of Internal Deals USSR and USSR Public prosecutor 25.11.1937.
	www.rollintl.com /roll/rastadt-repress.htm (1993 words)

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