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	Washingtonpost.com: Live Online
		Ruth Wedgwood: Any military personnel or civilian leaders in the chain of command who are believed to be guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide.
		Ruth Wedgwood: The British did indeed negotiate a "status of forces" arrangement with Kabul, so that their peacekeepers in Afghanistan would not be subject to local trial.
		Ruth Wedgwood: President Clinton signed the treaty on the last possible ate (Dec 31 2000), but said at the time that he would not send it forward to the Senate for ratification until and unless changes were made.
	discuss.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/zforum/02/world_wedgwood071202.htm (3034 words)

	Should John Bolton be the Next U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations? : The Watson Institute for International Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Leading international relations scholars Ruth Wedgwood of Johns Hopkins University and Morton Halperin of the Open Society Institute will debate the nomination of John R. Bolton to be the next U.S. ambassador to the United Nations on Wednesday, April 13.
		Ruth Wedgwood, professor of international law and diplomacy at John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, spoke for the Bolton nomination.
		Wedgwood asserted that, in order to affect change, there needs to be a combination of "tough love' and a willingness to yield to the consensus, and Bolton is an intelligent and experienced government official who recognizes this fact.
	www.watsoninstitute.org /events_detail.cfm?id=579 (1157 words)

	9748—The Changing Face of International Law—12/2/97
		WEDGWOOD: My joke about the Tribunal is that when they got a building in The Hague the International Court of Justice would not house them, or couldn't house them in the old Andrew Carnegie Peace Palace—wasn't room—and the kind of security that the criminal tribunal needed wasn't something that the ICJ was necessarily accustomed to.
		WEDGWOOD: Well you'd want, if you were the prosecutor you'd want to either show that General Blasketch had ordered these things to be done, or had kind of consciously—or at least recklessly—failed to control them.
		WEDGWOOD: Well you could have a skinner version of the proof and a stronger version of the legal theory if you like, and say, "Look, if atrocities occur perhaps the burden should be on the general to show that he tried to stop it and couldn't." But that's a very strong version of the law.
	www.commongroundradio.org /shows/97/9748.html (4505 words)

	Interview with Ruth Wedgwood, International Law Professor, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies \| ...
		RUTH WEDGWOOD: My name is Ruth Wedgwood and I'm a professor of international law -- and diplomacy according to my title -- at Johns Hopkins University, which has a school of foreign policy -- the School of Advanced International Studies in Washington near DuPont Circle.
		WEDGWOOD: You're mixing up a lot of things in your question -- "Clearly against disproportionate" -- I mean, there's a rule in international that the means you should be proportionate to the military mission that you have put forward to accomplish.
		WEDGWOOD: Well, I guess my métier, if you will, is a kind of realist international law is to say to the international lawyers, "Don't craft a regime that is so aspirational, so romantic, so naïve, that you make rules or norms or procedures that no one can live by.
	www.echochamberproject.com /wedgwood (8088 words)

	Yale Daily News - International law expert favors military tribunals
		Wedgwood's lecture was part of the "Democracy, Security and Justice" series the University began after the Sept. 11 attacks.
		Although Wedgwood says she is a "big fan" of the international war crimes tribunal in The Hague, she pointed out that the tribunal has only processed 21 cases to date.
		Wedgwood responded by saying that there is no way to be certain how European nations will respond, and added that such military tribunals are not out of the ordinary during wartime.
	www.yaledailynews.com /article.asp?AID=17292 (1037 words)

	Online NewsHour: The Detainees -- January 22, 2003
		Wedgwood is a scholar of international law who advises both the U.S. Departments of State and Defense.
		RUTH WEDGWOOD: They're not called prisoners of war in large part because they're not fighting for a state.
		RUTH WEDGWOOD: In the Geneva regime, the interviews have to be what they call equal and not unpleasant, meaning you couldn't say anything insulting, as Geneva puts it.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/military/jan-june03/detainees_1-22.html (1902 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		WEDGWOOD: Well, there are these -- a doctrine that lawyers call "complementarity," which says that if your hometown justice system is taking care of business, that should suffice and the court should defer to that.
		WEDGWOOD: Well, the fear is the renewal of the Tommy Franks' example, where the Belgium National Court and the Spanish Court have both entertained criminal cases, saying that General Franks is criminally liable for having failed to prevent any number of incidents in Iraq that those courts have complained that they don't like.
		WEDGWOOD: So, I think the problem is that the premise of both the Belgium court and to some degree the ICC is that the law has a clarity, which it really does not now have.
	cnnstudentnews.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0306/12/i_qaa.02.html (2512 words)

	U.S. Struggling to Make Law Enforcement, Military Models Handle Detainees, Terror Suspects
		Wedgwood noted that much of the heterogeneity in the treatment of cases was a result of the Justice Department’s desire to prove that criminal convictions in cases like those of Richard Reid and Moussaoui could work.
		Wedgwood suggested that some domestic criminal law elements in detention or terrorism cases should be sacrosanct—proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, the right to exculpatory evidence—but Congress chose not to create a framework to address these issues.
		Wedgwood said she would like to be able to critique Brazil without seeming hypocritical.
	www.law.virginia.edu /home2002/html/news/2005_fall/terrorforum.htm (2229 words)

	Ruth Wedgwood - SourceWatch
		Ruth Wedgwood, according to her Benador Associates' biography, "has been professor of law at the Yale Law School since 1986, and writes on international criminal law, the law of war, peacekeeping, post-conflict transitions, United Nations politics, and American constitutional law, especially the constitutional control of foreign affairs power.
		Wedgwood is also senior fellow for International Organizations and Law at the Council on Foreign Relations, and is co-director of studies at the Research Center of the Hague Academy of International Law in the Netherlands.
		"Professor Wedgwood was also recently elected in a vote of 148 countries as the United States expert on the United Nations Human Rights Committee, the international treaty body responsible for monitoring compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Ruth_Wedgwood (932 words)

	Online NewsHour: Legal Limbo -- June 12, 2002
		He is joined by Ruth Wedgwood of Yale Law School and Johns Hopkins University, and David Cole of the Georgetown University Law Center.
		RUTH WEDGEWOOD: Well, no one's ever had to decide what the informational status, evidentiary status, standard is for deciding if somebody is a combatant.
		RUTH WEDGEWOOD: Well, I have to chide my friend David because on a number of other panels we've done, he's often criticized the distinction drawn between aliens and citizens and said that we shouldn't do to aliens what we won't do to citizens.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/law/jan-june02/limbo_6-12.html (1997 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		Ruth Wedgwood, the rulings by no means are final decision on the Bush administration's policy in this regard.
		WEDGWOOD: Well, the normal prerogative to hold a combatant who has been captured on the battlefield is that if you let him lose he would go back to fighting, the war would resume.
		Ruth Wedgwood of John Hopkins University, also advisor to the U.S. government.
	edition.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0312/19/i_qaa.02.html (2203 words)

	CNN.com - Professor: Combatant decision 'painful' for Bush - Dec. 18, 2003
		WEDGWOOD: The court is saying that Congress, when it passed something called the Non-Detention Act in 1971, didn't contemplate allowing detention of any American citizens, even in the post 9/11.
		WEDGWOOD: Hamdi is an easier case on the facts, in a sense, because he was caught with a gun in his hand on the battlefield in Afghanistan.
		WEDGWOOD: Well, there are a couple of complications in going to the Security Council if you wanted to create a new, so-called ad hoc tribunal on the model of the course that were done for Yugoslavia and Rwanda.
	www.cnn.com /2003/LAW/12/18/cnna.wedgwood (1451 words)

	The "War" on Terrorism: What Rules Apply? (New York Forum #1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ruth Wedgwood is Professor of International Law, Yale University, and Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Johns Hopkins University.
		And, to my immediate left, Ruth Wedgwood, the Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy and Director of the International Law and Organization Program at the School of Advanced International Studies at the Johns Hopkins University.
		RUTH WEDGWOOD: If I could just address the first part on the public airing of grievances, I think one only has to open the New York Review of Books to see that.
	www.carnegiecouncil.org /viewMedia.php/prmID/147 (7823 words)

	Ruth Wedgwood
		Ruth Wedgwood, a Johns Hopkins University scholar of international law who supports the use of tribunals, disagreed, saying that Pentagon lawyers took great care in drawing up a process that is fair and allows for zealous courtroom combat.
		Ruth Wedgwood, an international law expert at Yale University who supports Bush's plan, said administration officials have been judicious and concerned with the nation's security throughout the process.
		RUTH WEDGWOOD: I'd like to make a point about old and new, back to the future.
	home.earthlink.net /~platter/neo-conservatism/wedgwood.html (1170 words)

	Guide to Specialists Archives: United States Institute of Peace
		Ruth Wedgwood has been a professor of international law at Yale Law School since 1986 and is currently director of the international law program at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University.
		Wedgwood has been an independent expert for the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and a member of the advisory group to the special representative of the secretary general of the United Nations for children and armed conflict.
		Wedgwood holds an A.B. from Harvard University and a J.D. from Yale University.
	www.usip.org /specialists/bios/archives/wedgwood_ruth.html (301 words)

	Legal Affairs Debate Club - Where should Saddam Hussein be tried?
		Ruth Wedgwood is Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University.
		In mentioning the example of Milosevic, Ruth, you allude to the risk that Saddam could use the occasion to take attention away from his own atrocities and instead put on trial the recent war and its leader: the United States.
		Ruth, you believe that there are ways of curbing such behavior.
	legalaffairs.org /webexclusive/debateclub_saddam0705.msp (2872 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| Hardtalk \| The ICC and America
		In a special HARDtalk programme Ruth Wedgwood, Law professor at Yale University and Michael Birnbaum QC, Human rights barrister debated what benefits the ICC could deliver for international security and law.
		Ruth Wedgwood argued that the ICC could prevent the military from doing their job properly.
		Ms Wedgwood expressed concern that the ICC could inhibit soldiers who in the heat of battle have tough, split second decisions to make.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/programmes/hardtalk/2116752.stm (712 words)

	Aspen Institute Berlin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		On November 27, an Aspen group gathered at the Berlin Capital Club to discuss issues of international law with Ruth Wedgwood, Professor of Law for Johns Hopkins University, Washington, D.C. The first topic on the agenda was the International Criminal Court (ICC).
		Wedgwood said that, in her view, Luis Moreno Ocampo was an excellent choice for Chief Prosecutor of the Court.
		Wedgwood stressed that irrespective of the legality of the war and subsequent occupation, the most important consideration is how best to effectively facilitate the democratization and rebuilding of Iraq.
	www.aspenberlin.org /report_detail.php?iEventId=132 (288 words)

	About FDD
		Ruth Wedgwood is the Edward Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy at the
		This is not such a case," argues Professor Wedgwood in the White Paper, which is available electronically at: www.defenddemocracy.org/usr_doc/Ruth_Wedgwood_White_Paper.pdf.
		FDD is a Washington, D.C.-based non-profit, non-partisan policy institute founded immediately after the attacks of September 11, 2001 to conduct research and education on global terrorism, and promote democracy worldwide.
	www.defenddemocracy.org /about_FDD/about_FDD_show.htm?doc_id=212537&attrib_id=7397 (375 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		Ruth Wedgwood is an international law professor with John Hopkins University and she joins us live from Washington.
		WEDGWOOD: Well, if you say that you agree, as of right, he is a prisoner of war in the legal sense, under third Geneva Convention it has some consequence for how he's held.
		WEDGWOOD: Well, he always has the right to be treated humanely under international law.
	edition.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0312/20/cst.04.html (420 words)

	Transcript of Bolton Nomination Debate at Brown Published on Foreign Policy Online : The Watson Institute for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Wedgwood and Halperin debated Bolton's record and the controversy that surrounds his nomination, which has now been stalled at the Senate Foreign Relations Committee level.
		The event, which was moderated by Thomas J. Biersteker, director of the Watson Institute and Henry R. Luce Professor, was sponsored by Campus Progress, the campus division of the Center for American Progress, in association with the Watson Institute, Democracy Matters, Americans for Informed Democracy, and other campus groups at Brown.
		Ruth Wedgwood is the Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy and director of the International Law and Organization Program at The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, John Hopkins University.
	www.watsoninstitute.org /news_detail.cfm?id=313 (341 words)

	Tufts - Fletcher News - Hannum
		Professor RUTH WEDGWOOD (Yale University; Johns Hopkins School for Advanced International Studies): Well, my concern is twofold.
		WEDGWOOD: Well, Mullah Omar has already told us to go fly a kite, and my favorite example, the macabre example, of where delay cost us--I will just harken back to the Gulf War.
		ADAMS: Hurst HANNUM of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and Ruth Wedgwood, professor of advanced international law and diplomacy at the School for International Studies at Johns Hopkins.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /news/2001/october/hannum.html (1272 words)

	The New War: What Rules Apply? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		For all the ambiguity ofdefinition and rules for dealing with those captured in Afghanistan, this "learning as we go" approach may actually be producing clarity and greater consensus regarding the development of military tribunals.
		Ruth Wedgwood is among those who believe that both prevailing international law and the exigencies of this situation place the original Bush administration proposal on defensible grounds.
		Wedgwood and others argue that much of this action seems consistent with prevailing international law.
	www.carnegiecouncil.org /viewMedia.php/prmTemplateID/8/prmID/97 (9601 words)

	News from the Washington File
		(Professor Ruth Wedgwood of Johns Hopkins' SAIS) (850) (This byliner by Ruth Wedgwood, professor of international law at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, was published on the editorial page of The Financial Times of London March 14, 2003.
		All rights reserved.) (begin byliner) Legal Authority Exists For A Strike On Iraq By Ruth Wedgwood It was not supposed to work this way.
		President George W. Bush's visit to the United Nations general assembly in September last year was designed to renew UN support for the project of disarming Iraq.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/iraq/2003/iraq-030320-usia03.htm (820 words)

	Named Professorships, Deanships, and Directorships -- The Johns Hopkins University
		RUTH WEDGWOOD, the Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy and director of the International Law and Organizations Program at SAIS, came to Hopkins in 2001.
		She is on the board of editors of the American Journal of International Law, and served on the National Security Study Group of the Hart-Rudman Commission on Security in the 21st Century.
		Earlier in her career, Dr. Wedgwood was a law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun and served as a federal prosecutor in the Southern District of New York.
	webapps.jhu.edu /namedprofessorships/professorshipdetail.cfm?professorshipID=265 (263 words)

	Case Western Reserve University
		Wedgwood and Cole will be questioned by an expert panel, playing the members of the Senate Judiciary Committee, consisting of:
		In addition, Wedgwood serves on the Pentagon's Defense Policy Board, the Secretary of State's Advisory Committee on International Law, and the Central Intelligence Agency's Historical Review Panel.
		Wedgwood is a director of Freedom House and a member of the editorial boards of the magazines American Interest and The National Interest, as well as the Journal of International Law
	www.case.edu /news/2006/1-06/mock.htm (846 words)

	Law Expert: Was Yassin’s Killing ‘Self-Defense’ by Israel, or ‘Extrajudicial Execution’? - Council on Foreign ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Wedgwood, who is the Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy at Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, says that Israel has not done a good job of demonstrating that such killings were taken as measures of last resort.
		Wedgwood was interviewed by Bernard Gwertzman, consulting editor for cfr.org, on March 23, 2004.
		Following the assassination on Monday in Gaza of Sheik Ahmed Yassin, the leader of Hamas, there has been considerable discussion of the legality of the action as well as its political and moral consequences.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=6886 (2062 words)

	Order Granting Leave to Appear as Amicus Curiae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ruth Wedgwood filed on 7 April 1997 for leave to appear as amicus curiae in this matter,
		Wedgwood is willing to attend the hearing scheduled for Wednesday 16 April 1997,
		Wedgwood to attend the hearing scheduled for Wednesday 16 April 1997 in order to respond to questions from Judges of the Trial Chamber and to provide any further assistance the Trial Chamber may require.
	www.un.org /icty/blaskic/trialc1/order-e/70411a10.htm (169 words)

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