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Topic: Ruthenia

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Etymology of Rus and derivatives

Subcarpathian Ruthenia

Ruthenian language

Carpathian Ruthenia

Little Russia

White Russia

GDL

Red Ruthenia

Rusyn language

Old Ruthenian language

Ruthenes

Belarusian language

Podlachia

White Ruthenia

Black Ruthenia

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	Ruthenia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past.
		By the end of the 12th century, the word Ruthenia was used, among the alternative spelling Ruscia and Russia, in Latin papal documents to denote the lands formerly dominated by Kiev.
		In the early 20th century, the name "Ukraine" was widely accepted in Galicia/Halychyna and the name "Ruthenia" became narrowed to the area south of the Carpathian mountains in the Kingdom of Hungary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruthenia (1034 words)

	Carpathian Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Carpathian Ruthenia or Carpatho-Ukraine (Karpatskaya Rus) is a name for a small part of Central Europe that was a part of the Hungarian kingdom (since 1526 under Habsburg rule).
		The area of present day Carpathian Ruthenia was probably settled down by Slavic tribes in the 6th century.
		In 19th and 20th centuries Carpathian Ruthenia was a field of struggle between Ukrainian nationalist and pro-Russian activists.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/c/ca/carpathian_ruthenia.html (558 words)

	Carpathian Ruthenia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carpathian Ruthenia was a part of the Kingdom of Hungary from the 11th century onwards with major interruptions in the 16th and 17th century.
		Following separation of Carpathian Ruthenia from Hungary, the Hungarian population decreased slightly; the Hungarian census of 1910 shows 185,433, the Czechoslovak census of 1921 shows 111,052, but much of this difference presumably reflects differences in methodology and definitions rather than such a large decline in the region's ethnic Hungarian (Magyar) or Hungarian-speaking population.
		As a result of war losses, emigration and extermination of Hungarian-speaking Jews, the Hungarian-speaking population of Carpathian Ruthenia decreased to from 161,000 in 1941 (Hungarian census) to 66,000 in 1947 (Soviet census); the low 1947 number is doubtless in part a result of Hungarians' fear to declare their true nationality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia (1259 words)

	Ruthenia biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By the 10th century, the term Ruthenia was used, among other spellings, in Latin papal documents to mean Rus', and later became the dominant name for Rus' in Latin.
		In the 1880s and 1900s, "Ruthenia" was often restricted to mean western Ukraine, an area then part of the Austro-Hungarian state.
		The people of the region rapidly became Slovakicised, because their language is closely related to the Slovak language and because most of them refused to identify themselves as Ukrainians, as the Communist government, after 1953, wished them to do.
	ruthenia.biography.ms (780 words)

	Ruthenia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The term was applied to Ukraine in the Middle Ages when the princes of Halych briefly assumed the title kings of Ruthenia.
		Later, in Austria-Hungary, the term Ruthenians was used to designate the Ukrainian population of W Ukraine, which included Galicia, Bukovina, and Carpathian Ukraine.
		After 1918 the term Ruthenia was applied only to the easternmost province of Czechoslovakia, which was also known as Carpathian Ukraine, or by its Czech name, Podkarpatská Rus [Sub-Carpathian Russia]; for the history of this area from 1918, see Transcarpathian Region.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ru/Ruthenia.html (276 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Carpathian Ruthenia
		Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukrainian Карпатська Русь, Karpats'ka Rus') or Carpatho-Ukraine or Carpathian Ukraine is a name for a small part of Central Europe that was a part of the Hungarian kingdom (since 1526 under Habsburg rule).
		Carpathian Ruthenia was a part of Hungary for almost 1000 years.
		Almost all the Jews of Carpathian Ruthenia were killed and the handful who survived, were hidden by their neighbours.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Carpathian_Ruthenia (1002 words)

	Travel through south-eastern Poland
		The area which currently forms the south-easternmost part of Poland lay outside the boundaries of the nation that emerged at the end of the Dark Ages, though it was incorporated into the early Polish state established by Mieszko I and his son Boleslaw the Brave in the late tenth century.
		The whole of Red Ruthenia was conquered by King Kazimierz the Great in the latter half of the fourteenth century, and thereafter served as Poland's eastern bulwark until the Partition era, when all but a small northern section was taken over by the Austrians, forming the main component of a new province named Galicia.
		One of the great benefits in touring Red Ruthenia by car is in the freedom this affords to stop off and admire these wonderful buildings, whose sheer invention and artistry entitles them to be considered among the finest expressions of folk architecture to be found anywhere in Europe.
	www.lemko.org /lih/travel/beskid.html (9980 words)

	DEMOCRACY IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA - 1941
		Slovakia and Ruthenia were exploited as backward colonial territories, a free field for Hungarian land-owners, officials, and professional men.
		Illiteracy in Ruthenia was given by the last Hungarian census as 66% of the population - 80% in the three easternmost districts.
		It was not so simple in Ruthenia, for there were four national councils in the tiny area, and one of them declared itself an independent republic.
	www.iarelative.com /1941slov.htm (1455 words)

	Why War? Keywords: Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It consisted of the present-day territories of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and (till 1939) Carpatho-Ukraine (Ruthenia).
		It was the most industrialized part of the former Austria-Hungary, was a democratic republic throughout the pre-World War II period, but was characterized by ethnic problems.
		After World War II, the pre-war Czechoslovakia was reestablished, the Germans were expelled from the country and Ruthenia was given to the Soviet Union.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/places/Czechoslovakia (1437 words)

	Rafal Quirini-Poplawski
		Monografie kosciolow parafialnych w Broszniowie, Ludwikowce, Weldzirzu i Wygodzie [Monographs of the Parish Churches in Broszniów, Ludwikówka, Wełdzirz and Wygoda] /to be printed in: Koscioły i klasztory rzymskokatolickie dawnego wojewodztwa ruskiego [Roman Catholic Churches and Monasteries of the Former Voivodeship of the Red Ruthenia], ed.
		Podwyzszenia Krzyza Swietgo w Neudorfie [Filial Church of the Elevation of the Holy Cross in Neudorf] in: Koscioly i klasztory rzymskokatolickie dawnego wojewodztwa ruskiego [Roman Catholic Churches and Monasteries of the Former Voivodeship of the Red Ruthenia], ed.
		Rocha i koscioł filialny w Boryni [Parish Church of Saint Rochus and Filial Church in Borynia] in: Koscioly i klasztory rzymskokatolickie dawnego wojewodztwa ruskiego [Roman Catholic Churches and Monasteries of the Former Voivodeship of the Red Ruthenia], ed.
	www2.uj.edu.pl /IRO/SYLFF/Fellows/Rafal_Quirini_Poplawski.html (1350 words)

	[No title]
		Later, one of the daughter-principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal, the Moscow principality arose, and took control of most of the northern principalities of Rus (by free will and by force) under declaration of reunification of Russian lands and reinstating wide use of word Rus in sense of united country and nation.
		Its leader was acclaimed as "King of Ruthenia" by Pope.
		The people of the region rapidly became Slovacised, because their language is closely related to the Slovak language and because most of them refused to identify themselves as Ukrainians, which the Communist government imposed on them after 1953.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Ruthenia (729 words)

	Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It consisted of the present-day territories of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and (until 1939) Carpatho-Ukraine (Ruthenia).
		After the Munich Agreement of 1938, Hitler's troops invaded the ethnic-German border regions of Bohemia and Moravia (the Sudetenland), Hungary received southern Slovakia, and Slovakia and Ruthenia received an autonomous status for a while.
		After World War II, the pre-war Czechoslovakia was reestablished, the Germans were expelled from the country and Ruthenia was occupied by (officially "given to") the Soviet Union.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/c/cz/czechoslovakia.html (1302 words)

	Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ruthenia or Carpato-Ruthenia or Carpatho-Ukraine is the name of a region in Central Europe comprising the southern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains.
		Before World War I Ruthenia was part of Hungary.
		Following Adolf Hitler's seizure of the country in 1939, Ruthenia briefly proclaimed its independence, before being annexed by Hungary.
	www.theezine.net /r/ruthenia.html (148 words)

	David Zincavage
		The Palatinate of Ruthenia: the Land of Lwow and the Land of Halisz - Map 1
		The Palatinate of Ruthenia: the Land of Lwow and the Land of Halisz - Map 2
		The Palatinate of Ruthenia: the Land of Przemysl and the Land of Sanok - Map 1
	www.zincavage.org /mapindex.html (226 words)

	Ruthenia Ltd
		They have been establishing the company over a sustained period to meet what they see as a need for new and existing businesses both in the UK and Russia to move forward with the best professional advice in all commercial and legal fields.
		The roots of Ruthenia lie within an accountancy practice, J W Ingle and Co, whose head offices are based in the City of London.
		To support this concept the Directors have formed Ruthenia which is a comparatively small but dynamically structured company and have gathered together a wealth of professional advisors, who have either been vetted by us or highly recommended and who can provide virtually all the expertise any business may require.
	www.ruthenia.co.uk (385 words)

	Kiervan Rus
		Since the 10th century, this area was known as Rus Czerwona (Red Rus, Ruthenia), also it was known as Carpato Rus whose main inhabitants were ethnic Rusins not Russians nor Ukrainians, it was ruled Ruled by the Kiervan Princedom.
		The Russian Ruthenians, who to the Tsarist Russia were simply a lost tribe of Greater Russia, were subjected to intensive Russification with their cultural distinctions suppressed until the 1905 revolution, when there was something of a thaw in the Russian attitude to ethnic autonomy.
		Ruthenia's progress to forming the Transcarpathian District(Oblast) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was complete on its liberation by Soviet troops, it only remained for Stalin to give the necessary orders and everything was complete.
	www.kresy.co.uk /kiervan_rus.html (588 words)

	Carpatho-Rusyn Background
		The Peace conference that was held after the war did address the issue of "Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia" but, in the end, the victors were more concerned with rebuilding their countries, and, in retribution, bleeding Germany financially dry in war reparations (which, in later years would come back to haunt them).
		Clearly, Ruthenia was too small to survive on her own and with the advent of the birth of Czechoslovakia, the Ruthenians were forced to continue to endure others ruling over her.
		Ruthenia) and added to this are the titles of "Greek Catholic" but not meaning the Greek or Hellenic culture for this race.
	www.tccweb.org /rusynback.htm (17280 words)

	MINELREL-L Archive (05101999-10:46:17-7384) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ruthenia even sounds like something out of a Tintin book; perhaps a neighbor to Ruritania.
		Professor Turyanitsa tells me the classic East European joke about the old man who says he was born in Austria-Hungary, went to school in Czechoslovakia, married in Hungary, worked most of his life in the Soviet Union, and now lives in Ukraine.
		As we speak, rainwater is pouring down from the Carpathians and flooding the lowlands on the border with Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /minelres/archive/05101999-10:46:17-7384.html (1870 words)

	Ruthenia - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After WWII Ruthenia was absorbed by the USSR so that USSR and Hungary would have a common border (A Warsaw pact requirement).
		The area of Ruthenia that was attached to the Eastern end of the country after independence was ruled by the Austrians.
		Ruthenia (Carpatho-Ukraine) was annexed by Soviet Union after WWII.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=90786 (1199 words)

	The Tragic Tale of Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia (Podkarpatska Rus')
		The reason for his resignation was the failure of the Czecho-Slovak government to fully accord to Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia the autonomous rights granted it in the Saint-Germaine-en-Laye Treaty.
		After the death and interment of his daughter Joan, age 3 1/2, accompanied by his wife Leona C. and their son Gregory P., age 5, he returned to Pittsburgh, and resumed the practice of his legal profession.
		Note: With the consent and approval of the USA State Department, President Thomas G. Masaryk and the Central National Rusyn Council at Uzhhorod, Gregory Zatkovich continued to be an American citizen while holding the office of President of the Directorium and Governor.
	www.carpatho-rusyn.org /fame/pod.htm (918 words)

	Czech Republic - The Emergence of Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Poor peasants, grazers, and lumbermen, the Ruthenians were vassals and serfs of the Hungarian magnates dominating the plains of the Tisza River.
		The great awakener of Subcarpathian Ruthenia was Oleksander Dukhnovych, a Uniate priest, who through his pedagogical, literary, and publishing activities attempted to save the Ruthenians from Hungarianization.
		Political activity on behalf of Ruthenia during World War I was conducted by Ruthenian emigrants in the United States.
	countrystudies.us /czech-republic/20.htm (341 words)

	Communication from the Commissar for White Ruthenia, Kube, to Rosenberg, Concerning Appropriation of Cultural Objects ...
		Communication from the Commissar for White Ruthenia, Kube, to Rosenberg, Concerning Appropriation of Cultural Objects by the SS and the Wehrmacht, 29 September 1941
		I beg to have these valuable collections, insofar as they are not needed in the Reich, again placed at the disposal of the general district of White Ruthenia, in any case, however, to have the money value secured for the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories.
		I hope that specialists will be employed in Leningrad, and in Moscow, as well as in the old cultural cities in the Ukraine, to prevent occurrences of this kind; otherwise the civilian administration shall find everywhere the same devastation as was found here.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/Rosenberg22.htm (529 words)

	Articles - Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By the 13th century, the term became the dominant name for Rus'; in Latin documents, particularly those written in Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland.
		Later, one of the daughter-principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal, the Moscow principality took control of most of the northern principalities of Rus, and continued the use of the word, "Rus';," to cover the expanded state.
		This area had been part of the Hungarian kingdom since the late 11th century, and had been known as "Magna Rus';", but was also called "Karpato-Rus'" or "Zakarpattya" (see Carpathian Ruthenia).
	www.lastring.com /articles/Ruthenia (1027 words)

	Articles - Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It consisted of the present-day territories of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and (until 1939/29 June 1945) the Carpathian Ruthenia (Carpatho-Ukraine).
		Its territory included some of the most industrialized regions of the former Austria-Hungary, it was a democratic republic throughout the pre-World War II period, but was characterized by ethnic problems.
		After World War II, pre-war Czechoslovakia was reestablished, all Germans were expelled from the country and Ruthenia was occupied by (and ultimately ceded to) the Soviet Union.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Czechoslovakia (1634 words)

	Hrushevskyj about ukrainian nobility in Xv -XVI c.
		Therefore, is seems appropriate to distinguish Western strip containing Red Ruthenia, Podolia, lands of Chelm and Podlasie with the Brzesc-Lithuanian part of the basin of Bug river, and Pinsk area, the right-bank strip with remaining part of the Bug river basin and with the Dniepr basin, and at the end beyond-the Dniepr strip.
		Their national identity is alive with them and, sometimes, they show off as reprezentatives of "all Ruthenia", Ruthenia of unclear form, indistinctive, such as it was in the imagination of all Western frontier inhabitants, immense Ruthenia reaching with its boundlessness, yonder, to the Eastern horizon beyond haze.
		In the Western Red Ruthenia for example, it was a fight going for almost half of a century after Kopystynski's death (1610), for the church of Przemysl lordship, between Orthodox and Greek church members.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /mdemkowicz1/dobra/hrusz_eng.htm (3703 words)

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