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Topic: Ruthenian language

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Old Ruthenian language

Old Ruthenian

Rusyn language

Ukrainian language

East Slavic languages

Ruthenia

Belarusian language

Surzhyk

Podlasie

Kaschubians

Trasianka

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Grand Duchy of Lithuania

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	Old Ruthenian language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It was the ancestor of the East Slavic languages Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian.
		Ruthenian language was its descendent which was spoken in the historic Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th to 18th centuries.
		It was the ancestor of modern Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian languages.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Old_Ruthenian_language (135 words)

	Ruthenian language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ruthenian was a historic East Slavic language, spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and after 1569 in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Having evolved from the Old East Slavic language, Ruthenian was the ancestor of modern Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Rusyn.
		Ruthenians of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) were killed and the country left smoldering in ashes.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Ruthenian_language (794 words)

	Ruthenian language Information
		Ruthenian was a historic East Slavic language, spoken after 1569 in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Having evolved from the Old East Slavic language, Ruthenian was the ancestor of modern Belarusian.
		Linguistically, both states continued to use the regional varieties of the literary language of Kievan Rus', but due to the immense Polish influence in the west and to the Church Slavonic influence in the east, they gradually developed into two distinct literary languages: Ruthenian in Lithuania and the Commonwealth, and (Old) Russian in Muscovy.
	www.bookrags.com /Ruthenian_language (839 words)

	Old Ruthenian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the ancestor of the East Slavic languages Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian.
		Ruthenian language was its descendent which was spoken in the historic Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th to 18th centuries.
		It was the ancestor of modern Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Ruthenian_language (147 words)

	Belarusian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The modern Belarusian language has evolved considerably from its early roots, the dialects of Ruthenian (East Slavic Orthodox) spoken in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus' and Samogitia.
		A version of Ruthenian, which may be considered to be the Old Belarussian, became the official language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and was official language of chancellery and courts until 1696.
		By the 16th century, the term "Ruthenian" referred to the language spoken in modern-day Ukraine and Belarus; a process of divergence that accelerated in the 17th century created a new division between the languages spoken in the south (Ukraine) and north (Belarus) of Ruthenian-speaking territory.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/b/be/belarusian_language.html (980 words)

	Bosnian_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		The language is notably spoken in the areas of Bosnia, the Bosniak-dominated region of SandÅ¾ak (in Serbia and Montenegro) and elsewhere.
		The irony of the language is that its speakers are, on the level of colloquial idiom, more linguistically homogenous than either Serbs or Croats, but failed, due to historical reasons, to standardize their language in the crucial 19th century.
		This distinction and official recognition of the Bosnian language is further acknowledged by signatures of the former presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Alija IzetbegoviÄ), Croatia (Franjo TuÄ‘man) and Serbia (Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ).
	language.school-explorer.com /Bosnian (1304 words)

	RUTHENIAN LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Ruthenian was a historic East_Slavic_language, spoken in the Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania and after 1569 in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
		Having evolved from the Old_East_Slavic_language, Ruthenian was the ancestor of modern Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Rusyn.
		As Ruthenian was always in a kind of diglossic opposition to Church Slavonic, it was and still is often called ''prosta(ja) mova'' (Cyrillic ''проста(я) мова;'', literally 'simple language').
	www.witwib.com /Ruthenian_language (762 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ruthenians
		Ruthenians along the borderland of the ancient Kingdom of Poland and the present boundary separating Austria from Russia proper are also called Ukrainians (u, at or near, and krai, the border or land composing the border), from the Ukraine, comprising the vast steppes or plains of Southern Russia extending into Galicia.
		Ruthenian (Rutheni) is found for the first time in the old Polish annalist, Martinus Gallus, who wrote towards the end of the eleventh and the beginning of the twelfth century; he uses this name as one already well known.
		Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church in Austria-Hungary is represented by one province in Galicia, Austria, and three dioceses in Hungary.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13278a.htm (2142 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Ruthenian was a historic East Slavic language, spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Scholars do not agree whether Ruthenian was a separate language or a Western dialect(s) of Old East Slavic language.
		Ruthenian is a lineal descendant of Old East Slavic, the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' (10thâ“13th centuries).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Ruthenian_language (1123 words)

	Ukrainian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		One vehicle of this divergence (or widening divergence) was the large scale appropriation of the Old Slavonic language in the northern reaches of Rus' and of the Polish language at the territory of modern Ukraine.
		Ukrainian language Post-independence: Lithuania/Poland, Muscovy/Russia, and Austria Hungary
		The literary language is based on the dialect of Poltava region, with heavy influences of the dialect spoken in the west, notably Galicia (Central Europe)Halychyna.
	www.infothis.com /find/Ukrainian_language (3910 words)

	BELARUSIAN LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The modern Belarusian language has evolved considerably from its early roots, the dialects of Old Ruthenian (Common East Slavic) spoken in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus' and Samogitia.
		A version of Ruthenian, which is considered to be the Old Belarusian, became the official language of the chancellery and courts of the Grand Duchy until 1696.
		By the 16th century, the term "ruski" ("Russian" or "Ruthenian" in Latin) continued to refer to the language spoken in modern-day Ukraine and Belarus, not the language of Muscovy (the modern Russians).
	www.amysflowershop.com /Belarusian_language (1889 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 9: Laprade-Mass Liturgy \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		It was founded in 1259 by the Ruthenian King Daniel for his son Leo, Prince of Halicz, and took its name from that prince.
		Joseph II turned the Dominican convent into a seminary for Ruthenians, adding to it the church and the garden, and soon the Ruthenian students had places reserved for them in the theological faculty of the city.
		In addition, the young Ruthenian clergy, with their exaggerated ideas of their rite and nationality, have accentuated their peculiarities and fostered the spirit of schism together with an excessive affection for Russia.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/herbermann/cathen09.html?term=Lemberg (2035 words)

	Languages of the World
		One interesting theory states that the divergence of languages was motivated by selfish or survival instincts, where one tribe would try to make up some code of communication which would deceive or not be understood by another tribe, so that they could attack them or have some advantage over them.
		It is themain language of business and trade, has become the official language of many countries, and more recently, its dominance has been further entrenched by the media through movies and music.
		One such language is Esperanto, and another is Interlingua, the vocabulary of this latter drawn from many languages, making it easier to learn by much of the world’s population.
	www.kenax.cz /translating/languages/languages-of-the-world.html (2501 words)

	[No title]
		The second group of the Ruthenians came after 12 years - in 1763 and 1764 to the barren land of Stupa and founded the village of Kucura there, which was united with the Kucura inhabited by Serbs in 1765, and from that point on, they have lived together, having the same rights and obligations.
		The third Ruthenian parish in Baèka was founded already in 1780, which was followed by the immigration to Srem, at first to the property of the Bishop of Krievci in id, where the Ruthenians tried, as long as they could, to live separated from the other people and retain their national and religious independence.
		The Ruthenians in the USA have also flocked together and formed groups together with the Carpatho-Rusyns from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (today's north Hungary, Transcarpathian region, the Slovak Republic and Galicia), and, as they were of the same religion (Greek Catholic), formed a unity.
	rdsa.tripod.com /History.html (3412 words)

	Political Ruthenienism — A Ukrainian Problem
		Today, political Ruthenians are engaged in two problems: First, to recognize the illegal union of Transcarpathia with Ukraine in 1945 and on this basis, to return it to the fictitious status of an "autonomous republic of Transcarpathian Rus'", which was supposedly obtained after the Munich Accords and the Viennese Arbitrage of 1938.
		Anti-Ukrainian and anti-national separatist work of "The Society of Transcarpathian Ruthenians" and the "Provisional Government of Transcarpathian Rus'" without a doubt are supported by and are generously financed by those forces which are interested in destabilization in Ukraine, and are working to weaken the country ultimatly to its collapse.
		The history of Transcarpathian (Hungarian) Ruthenians in the 16th to 20th centuries is tightly tied together with the history of Ukrainians (Ruthenians) in Halychyna.
	www.lemko.org /rusyn/myshanych.html (2794 words)

	Index of languages by writing system
		This is a list of the languages featured on Omniglot arranged by the writing systems with which they are written.
		For example, in Central Asia many languages were originally written with the Arabic alphabet, then switched to the Latin alphabet during the 1920s, then to the Cyrillic alphabet during the 1930s or 1940s.
		Please note: some of these languages, such as Bosnian and Turkish, were once written with the Arabic alphabet, but nowadays are normally written with a different alphabet, such as Latin or Cyrillic.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/languages.htm (265 words)

	Ukranian Translation - Translate Ukranian Language Translator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Some historians find their common ancestor in the Old Ruthenian language of Rus', the common ancestor of both the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, which began to diverge from each other markedly by the 1600s.
		In Kyiv and central Ukraine Russian is the language of nearly all city-dwellers, although there is a shift towards Ukrainian; in eastern Ukraine, Russian is dominant and a Russified Ukrainian spoken in some circles, while in the Crimea Ukrainian is almost absent.
		Use of the Ukrainian language in Ukraine can be expected to increase, as the rural population of Ukraine (still overwhelmingly Ukrainophone) migrates to Ukrainian cities and the Ukrainian language enters into wider use in central Ukraine.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/ukranian.shtml (843 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The language that was to later develop into modern Belarusian was used in the chancery.
		All the time they inculcated the idea that Belarusian is a peasant language and only uneducated people speak it." Kashkevich says her history studies led her to the opposite conclusion, spurring her to study Belarusian more thoroughly.
		Regardless of the language they speak, Gaidukov says, Belarus's people must come to see themselves as citizens of their own state and not as provincials in a larger empire.
	www.rferl.org /features/2001/06/07062001115325.asp (1166 words)

	[No title]
		The language of the Slavic population in the north/northeast part of Rus' diverged from the language of the south/southwest part of Rus'.
		The speakers of the Early Russian language referred to this language in the 14th and 15th century as the "Lithuanian dialect." The divergence of East Slavic into separate northern and southern languages is perhaps best evidenced by the epic,
		Notably, the local Belarusian variant of this language served as the lingua franca and language of governance for the nation of Lithuania.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/East_Slavic_languages (492 words)

	Pravapis.org - Belarusian language - Britannica Stumbling
		I may be a victim of a language barrier, but in my understanding "major" means "dominant," "great," "primary." I must assure you that the contemporary status of Belarusian language is anything but "major." Lukashenka's referendum in 1996 elevated the status of Russian and made it equal to Belarusian.
		In fact, the literary Belarusian language is based on the so-called "middle" (siaredni) dialect which is spread across Belarus from Vilejka and Ashmiany all the way to Homiel and Buda-Kashaliova.
		They also propagated the myth that it was simply a language "for administrative purposes," failing to notice that Old Belarusian was the language of administration precisely because it was used by the majority of the population.
	www.pravapis.org /art_brit.asp (1569 words)

	ABM -- The Belarusian Language
		Belarusian is an Indo-European language, one of the East Slavic languages, along with Russian and Ukrainian.
		The judge ruled that the use of the Belarusian language by the youths in the courtroom was evidence enough.
		A small number of newspapers in and out of Belarus are published in the Belarusian language, though with the aging of the emigre communities outside of Belarus and since most of the children of emigres are not fluent in the language, it remains to be seen if the language can survive--at least within Belarus.
	www.belarus-misc.org /bel-ling.htm (2527 words)

	Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the 1880s and 1900s, due to the spread of the name "Ukraine" as a substitute for "Ruthenia" among the Ruthenian/Ukrainian population of the Russian Empire, the name, "Ruthenian" was often restricted to mean western Ukraine, an area then part of the Austro-Hungarian state.
		In the early 20th century, the name "Ukraine" was widely accepted in Galicia/Halychyna and the name "Ruthenia" became narrowed to the area south of the Carpathian mountains in the Kingdom of Hungary.
		The people of the region rapidly became Slovakicised, because their language is closely related to the Slovak language and because most of them refused to identify themselves as Ukrainians, as the Communist government, after 1953, wished them to do.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/R/Ruthenia.htm (1062 words)

	Slavics
		Her dissertation, "Lingua Ruthena in Polonia Usitata: Fifteenth-Century Ruthenian Translations from Czech," examines the historical circumstances, sources and textual history of fifteenth-century Ruthenian translations from Czech as well as theoretical linguistic issues connected with Ruthenian as a language of writing in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Her other academic interests include linguistic historiography, history of writing and literacy, Slavic and Greek paleography, and cryptography, heritage language pedagogy, sociolinguistics (in particular, bilingualism, contact linguistics and gender linguistics), literary contexts of the visual and performing arts, and the formation of the literary canon.
		"The Representation of Khazars and Circassians as Slavs in Sixteenth-Century Historiography and Linguistics." conference on Language and Identity.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /slavic/faculty/verkholantsev.htm (560 words)

	Ukrainian Language Resources: Ukrainian Language Vocabulary, History and description of Ukrainian language, Ukrainian ...
		The closest languages it is similiar are: Belorussian, Russian, Polish, Slovak and Old Church Slavonic as well as to other Slavic languages such as Czech, Bulgarian, Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Slovenian.
		It is the language which was spoken in medieval Kievan Rus' kingdom (10 th - 13 th centuries).
		Despite the sad past, nowadays, Ukrainian language is going through a revival and it has become the language of TV films, science, newspapers, computers and Internet, being the only official language of 49 millions people Ukraine.
	www.personal.ceu.hu /students/97/Roman_Zakharii/ukrainian.htm (1228 words)

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