
	Where results make sense

Topic: Rwandan Civil War

Related Topics

Paul Kagame

Traditional Chinese medicine

Karl Marx

In the News (Thu 24 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Refugees and Security in the Great Lakes Region of Africa
		As the scope of the Rwandan disaster became apparent to the world population, the Administration claimed that a lack of early warning was primarily to blame for their failure to react to the crisis.
		A civil war was raging and it was difficult to distinguish the combatants.
		Gnamo, Abbas H. “The Rwandan Genocide and the Collapse of Mobutu’s Kleptocracy,” in Adelman and Suhrke, pp.
	homepage.mac.com /vicfalls/civilwars.html (10450 words)

	Civil War - History - Rwanda - Africa
		The civil war that erupted in eastern Zaire in late 1996 revealed that these camps contained small percentages of armed Hutu militias.
		As the civil war spread and the rebels gained territory, the Rwandan refugees were forced west, deeper into the jungles of Zaire.
		By the end of Zaire’s civil war in May, tens of thousands of Rwandan refugees had been killed in the fighting, or had died of disease or starvation.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/rwanda/history/civil_war.htm (861 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		The Rwandan government's effort in 1993 to carry out a census in which all Rwandans had to state their tribe had been followed by a slaughter of Tutsis in the northern part of the country.
		In the interim, the Rwandan president, Juvenal Habyarimana, signed a peace accord in Arusha, Tanzania, with the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) that was intended to end the country's four-year civil war.
		Apologists for the Rwandan authorities insisted at the time that the killings were unfortunate by-products of a renewal of the civil war.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/rwanda-the-genocide.html (1257 words)

	War - History, Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, Internal Conflicts
		War, defined as armed conflict between nations or between opposing factions within a nation, can have grave consequences for the environment, public health, and natural resources.
		From the use of poison gases in World War I and atomic bombs in World War II to the use of chemical defoliants in Vietnam and land mines in numerous internal conflicts, war now leaves a legacy that extends far beyond the battlefield and long past the duration of the original conflict.
		The Cold War legacy brings into focus the "necessity" and "proportionality" calculations that underlie most reasoned decisions about environmentally damaging wartime actions: whether there are alternatives to taking a particular action, and whether the military advantage gained from taking such an action outweighs the environmental and other harm that potentially may result.
	www.pollutionissues.com /Ve-Z/War.html (1986 words)

	Strategic Insights -- Raison d’État Unleashed: Understanding Rwanda’s Foreign Policy in the ...
		Rwandan and Ugandan involvement in Congolese affairs during the previous year and a half and the instantaneous deployment of Rwandan troops to the DRC after the rebellion began created the perception among ordinary Congolese that the RCD was little more than a foreign creation dominated by outside (and internal) Tutsi influence.
		Despite the increasingly rancorous war of words between Rwanda and the DRC in the wake of Bukavu, Rwanda soon recognized that no future military intervention could be justified solely on the basis of countering would-be aggression from Congolese troops or pre-empting a threat of invasion from the DRC.
		Having repeatedly stressed that the primary reason for war with the DRC was a failure by that country to rein in Hutu militants, Rwanda would be obliged to moderate its behavior and assume a less aggressive stance towards its neighbor, lest it be viewed as an obstructionist to peace.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /si/2005/Jul/curtisJul05.asp (5650 words)

	SWJ Magazine - Volume 4
		The extremist government responsible for the genocide was resurrecting itself and attempting to recast the genocide as an unfortunate extension of the civil war, suggesting the RPF was an equal participant in slaughtering Hutus.
		The Rwandan civil war and aftermath was in many ways a replay of those events (with the major exception of the genocide).
		After the civil war and the creation of a new government, RPF was applied to the political party that emerged from the RPF insurgency and RPA was applied to all Rwandan armed forces including the Gendarmerie, considered separate from the Army.
	www.smallwarsjournal.com /documents/swjmag/v5/odom.htm (7661 words)

	AFRICA
		The Rwandan Patriotic Front, a predominantly Tutsi exile force, brought an end to the massacres by defeating the forces of the government responsible for the genocide.
		The report includes as an appendix a secret Rwandan government document setting out the organizational structure of the Hutu militias that were to play such a crucial role in the genocide, including details of their arms requirements and their place in the government's command and control structure.
		The RPF resumed the civil war on April 8, with an immediate objective the rescue of its troops in Kigali and in an attempt to stop the massacres.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1995/WR95/AFRICA-08.htm (4942 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| UN to charge Tutsis for war crimes
		The United Nations war crimes tribunal says it is planning to charge Tutsi army officers in the Rwandan Patriotic Front with alleged atrocities during the Rwandan civil war.
		Chief prosecutor Carla del Ponti said it is the first time members of the victorious side in the civil war will be charged for crimes allegedly committed during 1994, the year of the Rwandan genocide.
		The Rwandans were so incensed that for a time they would not let Ms del Ponte into the country.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/1069340.stm (389 words)

	Case Studies - THE EFFECTS OF THE RWANDAN WAR ON CROP PRODUCTION, SEED SECURITY AND VARIETAL SECURITY
		Agriculture, the main occupation of upwards of 90% of the population, was acutely affected as civil disruptions peaked in the middle of a major growing season.
		It is hard to define the parameters of a 'usual' war, but the Rwandan conflict seems to have been 'unusual' in its overall aims: neither side wanted to destroy the country per se: their intent was rather to change the profile of the people living it.
		The limited varietal damage inflicted by the war is partly due to the pattern of the war itself and partly to the impressive response of the aid community which helped farmers to maintain adapted stocks.
	www.fao.org /WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGP/AGPS/Norway/Study6.htm (9051 words)

	The Misty Future of Rwanda's Mountain Gorillas
		Before the war, gorilla tourism was arguably Rwanda's third greatest source of much needed foreign currency, after coffee and tea exports.
		He, too, is back again, ensuring somewhat ironically that though the VVC headquarters at a Park station called Kinigi are thoroughly looted, the gardens are well tended and flowering and the Copper's dogs are fed. It is still thought safest not to print his real name.
		Gorilla, Inc., largely care of the Morris, Dian Fossey, and WWF Foundations, was the greatest employer in the region before the war, and probably still is, but such statements are intensely relative.
	www.well.com /user/fine/rwandan.html (1767 words)

	Suppressed report raises question of US role in Rwandan civil war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Three Rwandan informants revealed to the UN that they were part of an elite assassination squad, working under the direction of Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) leader Paul Kagame.
		The report states that when the informants told Judge Louise Arbour, then chief UN war crimes prosecutor, that two of their number were prepared to testify at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) to bring the assassins to court, she was "at first very positive".
		The Rwandan government, backed by the army and semi-official murder squads, the Interahamwe militias, ordered all those belonging to the majority Hutu ethnic group to murder the entire Tutsi minority, along with those Hutus who would not collaborate.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2000/mar2000/rwan-m23.shtml (1639 words)

	List of civil wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Romania had a brief civil war in 1989, after the fall of Nicolae Ceauşescu, between Communists and those against the former regime.
		Warring States Period (China), 475-221 BCE (this is not universally considered a civil war, but rather an international conflict.
		The following civil wars are ongoing or ended in the past decade, as of 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_civil_wars (545 words)

	Causes of War Class Papers on Rwanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The civil war and mass genocide that ensued were fought along ethnic lines, but the cause of the conflict was not feuding ethnic groups.
		This Civil War is centered around a conflict that was born in its colonial years and grew throughout its turmoiled past.
		And because it is a civil war, it is a war amidst a nation, with little to be gained and everything to be lost by the destruction.
	www.jburroughs.org /history/causes/papers.html (12852 words)

	Biodiversity Support Program ‘Biodiversity and disasters project’
		Most of the leaders of the RPF had helped the president of Uganda to come to power during the civil war from 1981 to1996, and, consequently, were battle-hardened and eager for power in their own country.
		In 1996, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the war on ungulates in the PNV (Plumptre and Bizumuremyi, 1996; Plumptre, et al., 1997) which showed that ungulate numbers had not changed significantly since 1989, although there was some evidence that they had migrated to higher altitudes in the park (Figure 2).
		Amazingly, few gorillas from the habituated groups were killed during the whole period of the war, although a census of the population is required to see whether this is true for the whole population.
	www.worldwildlife.org /bsp/publications/africa/145/Rwanda-English.htm (7410 words)

	Forest genetic resources No. 24
		Before the start of the Rwandan Civil War the RTSC was considered to be amongst the best-managed national Tree Seed Centres in Africa.
		The Rwandan civil war of 1994 however brought everything to a halt and caused a reversal in the research process.
		On conclusion of the war in mid 1994, ICRAF was among the first international organisations to visit Rwanda to assess the situation with regard to agricultural research in the country.
	www.fao.org /docrep/008/w3354e/W3354E17.htm (1187 words)

	The History Guy: The Civil Wars of Rwanda
		The bloody warfare between these two groups spilled over into the neighboring Congo in 1998 and helped ignite the regional war centered in that country.
		Rwanda: Accountability for War Crimes and Genocide: A Report on a United States Institute of Peace Conference
		Lee, R. "The History Guy: The Civil Wars of Rwanda"
	www.historyguy.com /rwanda_civil_wars.htm (146 words)

	The Congo Civil War
		Kofi Annan recently admitted that human rights are still a problem in the Congo, but that is something that we all already knew, and unless it leads to more active involvement of the UN in the Congo then I don't think the admission is very significant.
		Today CNN.com is reporting that UN workers have discovered thousands of women who were victims of rape during the Congo's five-year civil war.
		Today Rwandan Hutu rebels forced thousands in the Eastern Congo to flee their homes and violence again erupted between the Hema and Lendu in Ituri.
	congocivilwar.blogspot.com /2003_11_01_congocivilwar_archive.html (1203 words)

	Rwanda: Installing a US Protectorate in Central Africa, by Michel Chossudovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the wake of the civil war, the World Bank sent a mission to Kigali with a view to drafting a so-called loan "Completion Report".32 This was a routine exercise, largely focussing on macro-economic rather than political issues.
		And this build-up of the RPA occurred in the period immediately preceding the outbreak of civil war in former Zaire.
		The civil war in Rwanda was a brutal struggle for political power between the Hutu-led Habyarimana government supported by France and the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) backed financially and militarily by Washington.
	www.globalresearch.ca /articles/CHO305A.html (3770 words)

	THE EIGHT STAGES OF GENOCIDE
		During their march to Kinshasa, Kabila’s troops and the Rwandan Patriotic Army committed more genocidal massacres against Hutu refugees in the Kivus, south of Kisangani, and at Mbandaka.
		The problem is that early warnings of “mere” civil war and massive civilian killing seldom result in international intervention, whereas early warnings of genocide might.
		All of the American policy makers who made the decisions during the Rwandan genocide, including the decision to order withdrawal UNAMIR troops, were later promoted.
	www.genocidewatch.org /rwandangenocideprevention.htm (7951 words)

	Human News
		Most of the deaths have not been directly from violence, but from malnutrition and disease caused by the upheavals of war and the resulting breakdown of health care and the economy.
		Before the war, the diamond- and copper-rich nation's economy and health systems were weakened by years of corruption and economic controls under the dictator Mobutu Sese Seko, contributing to an already alarming infant mortality rate of 10% and life expectancy of only 49 years in 1998.
		The Rwandan civil war and massacres of 1994 helped trigger the war in DR Congo (called Zaire under Mobutu's rule).
	ideaexplore.net /news/040928.html (630 words)

	Civil War and Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Both the RPA and government soldiers had significant casualties in the war, and there were civilian massacres on both sides as ethnic violence flared in the wake of political struggle.
		The Rwandan government was encouraging its citizens to massacre their Tutsi neighbors, and unfortunately these ominous incidents of violence went largely unprotested by the international community.
		By the time the civil war ended in July 1992, Tutsis (and Hutus sympathetic to the Tutsis) were the targets of ethnic violence across the country, victims of a government-planned persecution campaign that manifested itself fully in the coming genocide.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/rel24/civil_war_and_genocide.htm (763 words)

	The US was behind the Rwandan Genocide: Rwanda: Installing a US Protectorate in Central Africa by Michel ...
		The civil war in Rwanda and the ethnic massacres were an integral part of US foreign policy, carefully staged in accordance with precise strategic and economic objectives.
		From the outset of the Rwandan civil war in 1990, Washington's hidden agenda consisted in establishing an American sphere of influence in a region historically dominated by France and Belgium.
		In a cruel irony, both sides in the civil war were financed by the same donors institutions with the World Bank acting as a Watchdog.
	www.whale.to /b/chossudovsky.html (3824 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD Fellows . Rwanda - After the Genocide . Introduction \| PBS
		In just three months in 1994, an estimated 800,000 Rwandans, out of a population of 7 million, were slaughtered in a state-led genocide.
		This was a massive, organized attempt to eliminate the Tutsi ethnic group from the country.
		Tens of thousands of other Rwandans are still imprisoned on charges of participating in the genocide.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/fellows/rwanda1103 (312 words)

	CNN - Zairian rebel uprising had roots in Rwanda - May 17, 1997
		But the nature of the crisis dates back further than October, in particular to the 1994 Rwandan civil war and genocide of more than a half-million Tutsis there.
		With the war's end and Tutsis seizing power, the defeated forces of the Rwandan Hutu army led their entire ethnic Hutu population across the border into Zairian refugee camps.
		Mobutu and his aides believed the new Rwandan leadership would be powerless against Hutu militants in the camps -- a monumentally misguided notion.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9705/17/kabila.rise (507 words)

	AEGiS-PRn: Award-Winning Film Hotel Rwanda Creates Renewed Interest in The Jireh Project, an AIDS Resource Center for ...
		Faulkner first began to petition the Mayor of Kigali, Rwanda, to donate land for her proposed Women's Resource and AIDS Center in 2001, The Jireh Project was just a long awaited dream.
		Working in tandem with government officials and local professionals, she and her team of volunteers were able to come close to the completion of the project in three short years.
		Faulkner had to cross, none were more discouraging than the day she discovered that all of the footage she had hired a local videographer to film was unusable.
	www.aegis.com /NEWS/PR/2005/PR050135.html (538 words)

	IWDA -- Reviews: Sunday at the Pool in Kilgali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This novel tells the bittersweet story of an extraordinary love affair between Gentille, a beautiful young Rwandan woman, and Bernard Valcourt, a middle-aged Canadian filmmaker, set against the chilling backdrop of the Rwandan Civil War.
		Courtemanche spent three years in Rwanda before the civil war erupted, and this remarkable novel is based on true characters and events.
		He implies that the unrest was caused partly by ethnic tensions between Tutsi and Hutu people and partly by the colonial domination of Rwanda which exacerbated these tensions.
	www.iwda.org.au /features/reviews/kilgali.htm (286 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)