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Topic: Rwandan Patriotic Front

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Rwandese Patriotic Front

Rwandese Patriotic Army

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Bibliography of the Rwandan Genocide

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Politics of South Korea

Analysis of the causes of the Rwandan Genocide

History of Rwanda

Cyprien Ntaryamira

Rwandan Genocide

	CalendarHome.com - Rwandan Genocide - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass extermination of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutu sympathizers in Rwanda and was the largest atrocity during the Rwandan Civil War.
		The Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was formed in 1985 under Paul Kagame and saw an opportunity in their own country to demand recognition of their rights as Rwandans, including the right of return.
		On April 6, 1994, the airplane carrying the Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana, and Cyprien Ntaryamira, the Hutu president of Burundi, was shot down as it prepared to land in Kigali.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Rwandan_Genocide (6217 words)

	Rwandese Patriotic Front - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Rwandese Patriotic Front or Rwandan Patriotic Front, abbreviated as RPF (also often referred to as FPR from French: Front patriotique rwandais), is the current ruling political party of Rwanda, led by President Paul Kagame.
		The RPF troops within the CND building, having dug strong defences during the previous months, in case they were caught in the capital with their supply lines cut and under attack, were engaged by the Rwanda army in the nearby army camp at Kanombe, near the airport.
		After the successful conquest of Rwanda, the RPF was split into a political division which retained the RPF name, and a military one, called the Rwandan Patriotic Army (now the Rwandan Defence Forces).
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Rwandese_Patriotic_Front (1745 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Europe / Probe ends in Rwandan leader's crash
		A French investigation concludes that Rwandan President Paul Kagame was behind the fatal 1994 downing of a plane carrying his predecessor, an event that set off the Rwandan genocide, a newspaper reported Wednesday.
		PARIS -- A French investigation concludes that Rwandan President Paul Kagame was behind the fatal 1994 downing of a plane carrying his predecessor, an event that set off the Rwandan genocide, a newspaper reported Wednesday.
		Rwandan Information Minister Laurent Nkusi dismissed the report as unsubstantiated and suggested it was politically motivated.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2004/03/10/probe_ends_in_rwandan_leaders_crash?mode=PF (588 words)

	Rwandan Patriotic Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rwandan Patriotic Front (also translated as: Rwandese Patriotic Front; or referred to as: Patriotic Front of Rwanda) abbreviated as RPF (also often referred to as FPR from French: Front patriotique rwandais) is the current ruling political party of Rwanda, led by President Paul Kagame.
		After its conquest of Rwanda, the RPF was split into a political division which retained the RPF name, and a military one, called the Rwandan Patriotic Army (now the Rwandan Defence Forces).
		The RPF continues to be the dominant political party in Rwanda under President Paul Kagame.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rwandese_Patriotic_Front (1728 words)

	[No title]
		Hutu leaders said the Rwandan Patriotic Front was clearly responsible, but the perceived wisdom was that extremist Hutus killed the president to end the peace talks and launch the slaughter.
		According to the informants, the Rwandan Patriotic Front spawned the network, whose "elite soldiers are activated and de-activated from time to time to conduct special operations," said the memorandum.
		Registration numbers on two rocket launchers recovered by the Rwandan army in the wake of the attack identified the missiles as SA 16s, sophisticated weapons that require training to be fired successfully.
	olymp.idle.at /~the_eye/rwanda01.txt (2620 words)

	Rwandan Peace Jeopardized by Ethnic Slaughter Saturday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The killing by the Rwandan army of hundreds of people at a large refugee camp has dealt a crucial blow to the fledgling government's declared goal of promoting reconciliation between the nation's two main ethnic groups.
		The Tutsi-run Rwandan Patriotic Front, which won the conflict and established a new government in Kigali, repeatedly has pledged to rebuild the country by reconciling the two groups.
		Rwandan government officials insist that only 300 people died when troops tried to defend themselves after being shot at and threatened with machetes at the camp 20 miles east of Butare.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V115/N20/RwandanPeace.20w.html (719 words)

	Front Populaire - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Front Populaire, name given to coalitions of left-wing and centre parties that formed governments in France and Spain in the late 1930s.
		In the 1930s he helped to organize the Front Populaire (Popular Front), a coalition of French left-wing parties, which secured a majority in the...
		An August 1993 peace agreement between the government and the Rwandan Patriotic Front (“Front Populaire de Rwanda” or FPR), a Tutsi-dominated...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Front_Populaire.html (116 words)

	The Rwandan Patriotic Front (HRW Report - Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda, March 1999)
		The RPF was commonly acknowledged by military experts to be a highly disciplined force, with clear lines of command and adequate communication.
		In early November 1994, the RPF reported that it had arrested twenty-five soldiers for capital crimes, eight of them accused of killing civilians between June and August 1994 and by the end of the year military prosecutors had supposedly completed investigations in some twenty such cases.
		After interviewing hundreds of Rwandans inside and outside the country in July and August 1994, he concluded that the RPF had engaged in widespread and systematic slaughter of unarmed civilians.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-03.htm (604 words)

	Rwandans Commemorate Six Years of Extermination, Exile, and Despair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Somewhere, in Central Africa, the Rwandan aristocracy under the leadership of The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) along with officials of the former official colonial power, the Kingdom of Belgium commemorate the April 1994 events.
		They were killed by the Rwandan Patriotic Army in spite the fact that they had risked their lives by sheltering, feeding, and looking after thousands of Rwandan Tutsis and Hutus who had fled to Kabgayi Catholic mission during the 1994 Rwandan civil war.
		Later on, the Rwandan Patriotic Army accepted responsibility for the crimes and apologized to the Vatican, but no one was punished for these crimes.
	users.skynet.be /wirira/six.htm (1672 words)

	The Rwandan Patriotic Front (HRW Report - Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda, March 1999)
		RPF opposition to UNAMIR II contributed to the reluctance of the U.S. and other powers to support such a force, a reluctance which in turn accounts at least in part for the slowness with which the operation was mounted.
		In some places, RPF forces killed civilians at meetings organized soon after their arrival in the community, a practice which gave rise to the bitter joke that kwitaba Imana, meaning to die, had come to mean the same as kwitaba inama, to attend a meeting.
		RPF leaders occasionally sought to justify civilian deaths as the unavoidable consequence of combat but most often they portrayed the killings as spontaneous acts of vengeance by recently recruited young soldiers who were not yet fully trained.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1999/rwanda/Geno15-8-03.htm (15458 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| UN to charge Tutsis for war crimes
		The United Nations war crimes tribunal says it is planning to charge Tutsi army officers in the Rwandan Patriotic Front with alleged atrocities during the Rwandan civil war.
		Ms del Ponte said the tribunal may soon issue indictments against RPF soldiers who allegedly took revenge in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide, or while attempting to stop it.
		The Rwandans were so incensed that for a time they would not let Ms del Ponte into the country.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/world/africa/1069340.stm (396 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Rwanda: How the genocide happened (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		On the ground at least, the Rwandans were largely left alone by the international community.
		The day after Habyarimana's death, the RPF renewed their assault on government forces, and numerous attempts by the UN to negotiate a ceasefire came to nothing.
		As soon as it became apparent that the RPF was victorious, an estimated two million Hutus fled to Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo).
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/1288230.stm (961 words)

	frontline: ghosts of rwanda: interviews \| PBS
		She was consular officer at the U.S. embassy in Kigali and served as liaison between the U.S. ambassador, the Hutu-led government forces and the Tutsi rebel force, the RPF.
		Now the president of Rwanda, in 1994 he commanded the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), the Tutsi rebel force which toppled the genocidal Hutu regime and brought an end to the slaughter.
		In this interview, he responds to those who say that once the genocide started, the invading RPF forces were set on taking over the country and would have opposed any outside intervention designed to get the two sides back to the Arusha peace process.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ghosts/interviews (3113 words)

	The Rwandan Genocide
		Every time that RPF trucks came to our headquarter in Mulindi to load military supplies and firewood to be sent to the battalion in Kigali (at the CND, where the RPA battalion was based), arms and ammunition were also loaded, concealed among the supplies which were legitimately supposed to reach Kigali.
		RPF officers, such as myself, were told in 1993 by the RPF leadership that intelligence reports indicated that Pres.
		The RPF had been afraid that he might reveal the plans to Habyalimana who was a close associate in an arms business which weapons supplied to Palipehutu, a criminal-extremist Hutu group in Burundi, and through Mr.
	www.globalresearch.ca /index.php?context=viewArticle&code=20061227&articleId=4223 (4443 words)

	The Secretary General of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) is quietly preparing his return to The United States of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Secretary General of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) is quietly preparing his return to The United States of America where he lived as a permanent resident before returning to Rwanda in 1994.
		RPF Secretary General Muligande spent last week in Washington, D. trying to explain to the Rwandan community RPF policies.
		As commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Army (APR) in the prefectures of Gisenyi and Ruhengeri, he led a repression campaign that reduced the population of northwestern Rwanda to half according to a source familiar with Rwandan politics.
	www.geocities.com /iwacu.geo/muligande.htm (545 words)

	Media alert \| August 7, 2003
		Against the backdrop of the genocide, the Rwandan Patriotic Army soldiers also killed thousands of civilians, violating international humanitarian law.
		After one such announcement, the Rwandan government imposed restrictions on the travel of witnesses to genocide trials, which are held in Arusha, Tanzania, as a way of bringing pressure on the ICTR.
		Rwandan authorities, including President Paul Kagame, have admitted that some RPA soldiers killed civilians in violation of international law.
	www.humanrightsfirst.org /media/2003_alerts/0807.htm (598 words)

	RaceandHistory.com - Rwandan Genocide: Crisis in Central Africa
		Then, the mainly-Tutsi opposition Rwandan Patriotic Front invaded Rwanda and routed government troops and its allied Interahamwe militias, which had engaged in genocide and the murder of more than 500,000 Tutsis.
		The opposition Patriotic Front wants to establish a more democratic regime in Zaire and has seized control of the eastern part of the country, with the support of the Tutsis, who have lived there for 200 years.
		The Patriotic Front has out manoeuvred the imperialists by attacking the refugee camps and forcing the Interahamwe to flee to the bush, so opening the way for the hundreds of thousands of refugees to return.
	www.raceandhistory.com /worldhotspots/centralafrica.htm (4172 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD Fellows . Rwanda - After the Genocide . Context \| PBS
		In 1990, the Rwandan Patriotic Army -- composed of a group of exiled Rwandan Tutsis -- invaded the country from Uganda.
		The Rwandan Patriotic Front, the political party formed by the invading rebel Tutsi army that triumphed in the civil war of 1994, has controlled the country for the last nine years.
		General Paul Kagame, of the Rwandan Patriotic Army, led the invasion in 1994 and now serves as president of the country.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/fellows/rwanda1103/context.html (598 words)

	JURIST - Rwanda: Rwandan Law, Legal Research, Human Rights
		The largely Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which took power following the civil war and genocide of 1994, is the principal political force and controls the Government of National Unity in Rwanda.
		The Rwandan Government's poor human rights record worsened in 2001, and the Government continued to commit numerous, serious abuses; however, there were some improvements in a few areas.
		On April 6, 1994, the airplane carrying Rwandan President Habyarimana and the President of Burundi was shot down as it prepared to land at Kigali.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/rwanda.htm (1217 words)

	Current Zaire Crisis Is Extension of Rwandan War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1990, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, an army composed mostly of Tutsi exiles, invaded from Uganda and started a war.
		Before the Rwandan Patriotic Front gained control and pushed the Hutus from power, an estimated 800,000 had been massacred.
		"The Rwandan government is using the magnitude of the genocide to hide their agenda," he said.
	gbgm-umc.org /africa/rwanda/rwanda1.html (499 words)

	Rwanda: Installing a US Protectorate in Central Africa, by Michel Chossudovsky
		From the outset of the Rwandan civil war in 1990, Washington's hidden agenda consisted in establishing an American sphere of influence in a region historically dominated by France and Belgium.
		Prior to the outbreak of the Rwandan civil war, the RPA was part of the Ugandan Armed Forces.
		While the Green Berets trained the Rwandan Patriotic Army, that army was itself secretly training Zairian rebels. [In] Rwanda, U.S. officials publicly portrayed their engagement with the army as almost entirely devoted to human rights training.
	www.globalresearch.ca /articles/CHO305A.html (3770 words)

	Rwanda 2000
		The assassination of Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana ignited a bloodletting in which extremist Hutus targeted Tutsis and moderate Hutus, leaving at least 500,000 people dead.
		In a reference to the former chairman of the Rwandan Patriotic Front's military high command, the intelligence report says: "They advise that Major-General Paul Kagame was the overall operations commander."
		The informants insisted, nevertheless, that the leaders of the Rwandan Patriotic Front were "part of the plot to eliminate the president", said the memorandum.
	www.geocities.com /iwacu.geo/explosive.htm?200624 (1661 words)

	DRCongo: the Rwandan Patriotic Army repeats its 1994 strategy
		However, independent witnesses confided to Afro-America Network that Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) troops, disguised in civilians, are responsible for the massacres.
		They point to the systematic murders, massacres, looting, and occupation of their property by the Rwandan Patriotic Army that go underreported, misreported or not condemned.
		Political analysts in the region have another theory: Rwandan Patriotic Army, by these massacres, tries to sabotage the Lusaka accords and to divert Rwandans and the international community from internal problems in Rwanda.
	www.rdrwanda.org /Rwanda/infos/AfroAmerica_Network_07022000.html (763 words)

	Green Left - Contra attacks increase in Congo and Rwanda
		Their goal is to depose the governments of Laurent Kabila and the Rwandan Patriotic Front in Kigali.
		Major Emmanuel Ndahiro, spokesperson for the Rwandan Patriotic Army, told the Inter Press Service news agency in May that after the victory of the uprising in Congo “many ex-FAR [Rwandan army] and Interahamwe who had been fighting alongside Mobutu's army made their way back to Rwanda”.
		The pogroms were part of the Rwandan contras' plan to build up a “pure” Hutu rear base from which to reinvade Rwanda.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1997/291/15925 (1060 words)

	Trinicenter.com - The Assassination of former Rwandan President Habyarimana?
		The perpetrators of that attack--the Rwandan Patriotic Front according to Bruguière--knew what would happen, as did their principal backers, the United States and the United Kingdom.
		When investigator Michael Hourigan turned up evidence pointing to Kagame and the Rwandan Patriotic Front along with testimony from RPF members who had participated in the missile attack, Louise Arbour, though initially enthusiastic, suppressed his findings and ordered him to go no further.
		Whereas the official story would have it that the tragedy in Rwanda was an internal crisis, the ownership of those missiles points directly to the fact that the so-called RPF rebels were ranking members of the Ugandan army until the day they invaded Rwanda on October 1, 1990.
	www.trinicenter.com /oops/2004/rwanda.html (910 words)

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