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	Rwandan hip hop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hip hop is a cultural movement that began among African Americans in the 1970s.
		The Hutu government of the period did not approve of hip hop, however, and DJ Berry was forced into exile in Goma, Zaire, where he continued performing.
		By the mid-1990s, hip hop was growing increasingly popular in Rwanda, due to the introduction of 101 FM Kigali and TVR in 1995, and American and French rappers like Tupac Shakur and MC Solaar became famous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rwandan_hip_hop (279 words)

	Belgian hip hop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They became an underground success and are still highly respected in the Belgian hip hop scene.
		In the late 1990s, Rwandan hip hop pioneer J.C. Matata moved to Belgium and created a hip hop/reggae/zouk group called ZAMZAM.
		Also in the late 1990s in the Walloon south of the country, French speaking/rapping Starflam was the biggest name in hip hop.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belgian_hip_hop (348 words)

	Hip hop music Biography,info
		Hip hop music is also erroneously used at times to describe related genres of music, such as contemporary RandB, which are primarily sung, probably for increasing their commercial appeal; while singing is commonly present in hip hop tracks, the main vocal (if there are vocals) is always rapped.
		Hip hop Kool DJ Herc, in contrast, originated the practice of isolating and extending only the break—a short percussion solo interlude—by mixing between two copies of the same record.
		Hip hop music is a part of hip hop, a cultural movement that includes the activities of breakdancing and graffiti art, as well as associated slang, fashion and other elements.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Hip_hop_music (4499 words)

	Rwandan - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Rwandan
		In October 1998 the Rwandan army killed 378 rebels in an operation to clear rebels from the northwest.
		In April 2001, the Rwandan government agreed to hand over to the United Nations War Crimes Tribunal army officers who were suspected of having committed atrocities during the genocide.
		The Rwandan government said in late January 1999 that more than 2,000 Rwandan prisoners accused of taking part in the 1994 genocide had died of AIDS during 1998 while awaiting trial.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Rwandan (1491 words)

	Trade agreements, cotton prices, have been, full report, commercial availability, center back, web site, trade events, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The early scene was very much influenced by the hip hop scene in New York City, at first being very much in awe of the American innovators (with British rappers often adopting cod American accents in the early years) before gaining the confidence to adopt and adapt American styles for their own uses.
		UK hip hop also usually comes from the main urban areas such as London, Birmingham, Nottingham, Sheffield, Leeds, Huddersfield, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle and Bristol, but also from many other cities and towns that are not as big or popular.
		British hip hop was also hard hit by the record industry waking up to the implications of sampling, and beginning to charge for the use of samples and prosecute those who used them without permission.
	www.textileiworld.com /wiki-British_hip_hop (2285 words)

	Real Hip Hop
		Hip hop is a cultural movement that began among urban African Americans in New York City in the early 1970s, and has since spread around the world.
		One danger is that this becomes a history of two of the four aspects of hip hop, emceeing and deejaying.
		Hip hop should have a picture on graffiti since its solely visual and perhaps another picture of a breakdancer in mid-air or rotating on his head.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/169/real-hip-hop.html (1163 words)

	stink zone : underground hip hop kiosk : departments: June 2003 Archives
		Hip Hop heads are constantly arguing the merits of their favorite emcees, against the favorite emcees of others.
		It is a desperate move on the part of hip hop posterity to recapture the glory of spontaneous, grassroots community dynamics.
		Hip Hop's true-school defenders make a big clamor about hip hop being misrepresented by the mainstream media, that it has been hijacked by corporate interests who are responsible for injecting hip hop with its sexist, homophobic, materialistic, ghetto-glamorizing, and race-mystifying elements.
	www.stinkzone.com /cgi-bin/archives/2003_06.html (8746 words)

	Hip Hop Republican: May 2005
		Hip Hop is defined as a cultural movement that began among urban African American and Latino youth in New York City and has since spread around the world.
		The four main elements of hip hop are MCing, DJing, graffiti, and b-boying/b-girling a.k.a.
		The roots of hip hop are in West African and African American music.
	hiphoprepublican.com /2005_05_01_hiphoprepublican_archive.html (4192 words)

	The Anniston Star - ‘April’ shows how blood drowns compassion
		The passive indifference of the West is a haunting leitmotif, but the film’s reproving, admonitory streak does not slow it down.
		Rwandan genocide, famously overlooked by the international community at the time, appears suddenly to be troubling Western consciences — besides Hotel Rwanda and Sometimes in April, another feature film, Shooting Dogs, directed by Michael Caton-Jones, is to be released this summer.
		Interestingly, the films about the 1994 genocide in distribution are Rwandan or American or British — there has not been a corresponding flush of films from Germany, Belgium or France, countries with deeper historical ties to Rwanda.
	www.dailyhome.com /entertainment/2005/as-tv-0319-0-5c18v3331.htm (615 words)

	After the genocide, redemption \| csmonitor.com
		Rwandan information minister Laurent Nkusi called the station opening "a living signal that we have made a lot of progress" in 10 years.
		RTLM was on in the background when the presenters began chanting, "Hutu power, Hutu power...." The bar crowd joined the chant, pounding on the tables, stamping their feet, shouting with increasing frenzy, "Hutu power." One of the friends sitting with Mr.
		Taylor was tall, with the angular features often associated with Rwandan Tutsis, an easy target for a drunken mob.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0407/p01s03-woaf.html (1576 words)

	PLAYAHATA.COM - Congo War - May 25th, 2003
		The Rwandan army remained in Congo with the claim that they were there to train the newly liberated nation's defense forces.
		Worse still, the Rwandans brought their own Hutu-Tutsi nightmare with them (the horror the world watched unfold in 1994 that claimed close to one million lives), citing the need to seek out threats to its own security (namely Hutu militias that operated in DR Congo's lawless frontier).
		Laurent Kabila soon found himself looking at not only a revolt by a section of his army, but much of the eastern part of his country that was ethnically aligned to Rwanda, all of which could result in a Hutu-Tutsi orgy of genocidal violence.
	www.playahata.com /pages/morpheus/congowar.htm (2648 words)

	literary_community
		Hip Hop Congress (HHC) is an International Grassroots Network that educates, empowers, and unites individuals.
		The goal of this year’s summit is to connect those interested in Hip Hop with education, social consciousness and community action.
		Hip Hop Congress is an organization run by active young people who understand the societal pressures of today's youth.
	www4.cord.edu /english/steinwan/literary_community.htm (1322 words)

	hop hip free music and amp rap the for download ringtones urban dance video beats downloads band records pop online all ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		hip hop rap lyrics, original hip hop, hip hop shirts, hip hop r, hip hop mix, hip hop...
		hip hop instrumental mp3 (rap and hip hop beat) b hip hop instrumental r of...
		Friday and Saturday Hip Hop and R and B night with DJ Jazzy D and DJ Jawz Ladies free all night, R30 gents.
	new-ringtones.info /free/hip/hop/and/r&b/ringtones (2696 words)

	APInews: Dance Archives
		Hip Hop is "currently the most important social and cultural release valve for young people throughout the world," says Brazilian Max Soares in a story by Peter Bruyn in Cultural Affairs (June 2006).
		Soares is a Brazilian Hip Hop specialist who has worked for years to establish an international Hip Hop network outside of the commercial circuit and helped bring Brazilian Hip Hop to a June festival in Africa.
		"Hip Hop is an extremely important part of today’s African culture," says Soares.
	www.communityarts.net /apinews/archivefiles/dance/index.php (2615 words)

	VIBE.com: On Campus: Rwandan Child Survivors in Miami (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He raised $3,000 and purchased 26 photographs taken by child survivors of the 1994 Rwandan genocide to display in an art gallery near the University of Miami campus.
		He could have easily gone somewhere else, but he decided that he wanted Generation Y to understand the beauty, mystery and social circumstances of Africa.
		"Hip hop culture is just as big in Africa as it is in America, but the average person doesn't know that.
	www.vibe.com /community/on_campus/2005/03/on_campus_rwandan_child_survivors_miami (437 words)

	Choice FM - Number One for Hip Hop and R&B!
		It's at his establishment that army generals and high ranking members of the UN discuss the peace deal about to be made between the Hutus and the Tutsis.
		Despite the Rwandan President's vow that peace can be reached, fear is widespread.
		Amidst the madness that surrounds them, Paul still finds the time to treat his wife to a romantic drink on the roof of the hotel as he tries to alleviate her worry and let her know that he has always loved her.
	www.choicefm.com /Article.asp?id=70239 (624 words)

	On the Media
		Kagame's political party, the democratically elected but autocratic Rwandan Patriotic Front, is known for its political savvy, and it has masterfully exploited international guilt to Rwanda's benefit.
		MICHAEL KAVANAGH: The biggest names in Rwandan media and politics and a host of international diplomats mingle together in a conference room in Kigali's brand-new 5-star hotel.
		It's not exactly the kind of crowd you'd expect at the launching of a new radio station that targets Rwanda's youth with a mixture of American hip-hop, African pop and Bob Marley-style reggae.
	www.onthemedia.org /transcripts/transcripts_041604_rwanda.html (1076 words)

	UK Urban Directory, Urban Music News. Urban Hip Hop clothing
		Unlike a documentary though, this political consciousness raising movie is less about the massacre of 800,000 Tutsi civilians and moderate Hutus in 1996 Rwanda, but how one remarkable individual functioned amidst the genocide.
		The deadline for a UN brokered peace agreement is drawing near but ethnic divisive radio stations spit venomous accusations and hatred towards Tutsis.
		Trouble is imminent when the already tense and divisive society hears news of the death of Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana, a Hutu, when his plane is shot down.
	www.everyurbanthing.com /content.php?cID=252 (669 words)

	LEAF Festival - Performers
		Samputu was the first Rwandan to win the prestigious Kora award, in essence an African Grammy, for Most Promising Male African Artist, and was nonminated for Best Traditional Male Artist.
		Almost a million Rwandan people were killed, Samputu lost his mother and father, three brothers and a sister.
		We are using traditional rhythms from West Africa, namely from lead singer Kevin Meyame's native Ivory Coast, and dispersing them throughout the band, whether it be the bass line emulating the dunun drum, the keys slapping a djembe rhythm, or the horns screaming at the audience to dance harder.
	www.theleaf.com /past_performers_Oct05.php (2983 words)

	Making Sense: A Rwandan Story Marks Genocide Anniversary - Brighton & Hove City Guide news
		Making Sense: A Rwandan Story marks the tenth anniversay of the genocide and features the work of British artist Helen Wilson, who visited Rwanda in 2002.
		Running alongside the exhibition are a variety of events and activities, including a Young People’s Parliament debate surrounding wider issues raised by the exhibition and a showing of a documentary made by the Rwandan director/producer, Eric Kabera.
		Making Sense: A Rwandan Story is at the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery from October 16 to January 23, admission free.
	www.24hourmuseum.org.uk /brightonandhove/news/ART24270.html?ixsid= (512 words)

	Center for International Studies
		As a Rwandan herself, she feels it is important to have a radio program that provides information on reproductive health and education.
		The program would be broadcasted to as many people in Rwanda as possible, since after the genocide the government controlled all public radio and TV stations so information on health has been limited.
		Several of the panelists in the conference indicated that the use of radio was the cheapest and the most effective method for communicating educational messages.
	www.ohiou.edu /internationalstudies/newsletter/7-04/conf.htm (706 words)

	MTV Think News - College Students Sacrifice To Help Sudanese Genocide Victims (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Since February 2003, more than 200,000 Africans have died as a result of the conflict and disease, and nearly 2 million have been displaced from their homes as a result of the relentless fighting in Darfur and must find housing in refugee camps set up throughout the country.
		On the eve of the 11th anniversary of the start of the Rwandan genocide, Africans are still facing the threat of mass killings, destruction of their homes, and other abuse by the Janjawid militias — bands of Arab fighters backed by the Sudanese government.
		The Sudanese are also undergoing a second conflict between the north and south, who have been engaged in the longest-running civil war in Africa for over 20 years.
	www.mtv.com /news/articles/1499774/20050407/index.jhtml?headlines=true (702 words)

	Hip Hop Republican: October 2005
		In 1999 a lawsuit was filed on her behalf against the popular American hip hop duo OutKast and LaFace Records, claiming that the group had illegally used her name without her permission for their song "Rosa Parks", the most successful radio single of their 1998 album Aquemini.
		In 2004, the judge in the case appointed an impartial representative for Parks after her family expressed concerns that her caretakers and her lawyers were pursuing the case based on their own financial interest.
		Suspected Rwandan Hutu rebels hacked to death 24 Congolese villagers, including several children, in the latest attack against civilians in eastern Congo, a senior local official said Monday.
	hiphoprepublican.com /2005_10_01_hiphoprepublican_archive.html (10524 words)

	Suffering in the Congo
		Recent interventions by the armed UN peacekeeping mission in the Congo (MONUC) have concentrated on disarming or eliminating the Forces for the Democratic Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), a rebel group that opposes the Rwandan government, and the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a rebel group that opposes the Ugandan government.
		The Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) led by Paul Kagame, the current Rwandan president and graduate of the U.S. Army officers school at Fort Leavenworth, used Bechtel’s NASA maps to locate Rwandan Hutu civilians that fled the cataclysm in Rwanda in 1994.
		The French intelligence service reported that U.S. Special Forces and mercenaries from MPRI participated in the murder of Rwandan Hutu refugees on the Oso River near Goma in 1996 and even claims to have turned over the bodies of two U.S. soldiers killed in combat near Goma.
	zmagsite.zmag.org /JulAug2006/snow0706.html (4509 words)

	American College Dance Festival March 10-13 At CU-Boulder \| News Center \| University of Colorado at Boulder
		University dancers will show off their moves in styles ranging from modern to hip hop March 10-13 at the Central Region American College Dance Festival hosted by the University of Colorado at Boulder's theater and dance department.
		Technique classes in modern, African, hip hop, flamenco, ballet and jazz styles will be offered.
		Rwandan Priest To Discuss Community Development Projects In Free, Public Lecture
	www.colorado.edu /news/releases/2004/66.html (475 words)

	Cincinnati CityBeat : 11/30/2005 : Arts Beat
		Cheadle points to the popularity of Hip Hop and Rap music and Slam poetry as proof positive that this is a good time to be a fl artist in America.
		Politicians in Washington might be committed to have and have-not policies that fall across racial lines, but art and culture will ultimately have their say.
		Slam Nation was little seen upon its initial release, but its new DVD from Docurama shows how open-mic poetry has crossed over into mainstream culture much like Jazz and Hip Hop.
	www.citybeat.com /2005-11-30/artsbeat.shtml (777 words)

	The Black Commentator - Black Like... Who? - Part 1: Black Identity&Unity - Issue 134
		And although the fingerprints of Western colonization and manipulation can be found all over the problems that plague the peoples of Africa and the African Diaspora, the visible instruments used to oppress, murder and brutalize have been Black as well.
		To convince the Rwandan who narrowly escaped extermination; or the native of Darfur in the Sudan who has been orphaned by that region’s blood-letting; or the Haitian that has been scarred by decades of violence, that we as Blacks are “one” can be a tough sell.
		The more enlightened amongst us know that in a puppet show it is those who are pulling the strings who are ultimately in control, yet the vast majority of Blacks (including American-born) are oblivious to the strings; they see only the puppets.
	www.blackcommentator.com /134/134_black_identidy_1.html (3671 words)

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