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Topic: Rwandese Patriotic Army

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	AI REPORT 1997: Rwanda (the Rwandese Republic)
		In December, most of the estimated 540,000 Rwandese refugees in Tanzania were also forced to return to Rwanda, following a joint statement issued by the Tanzanian Government and the un High Commissioner for Refugees that all Rwandese refugees were expected to leave by 31 December.
		Fidèle Makombe, prosecutor of Kibuye, was beaten by rpa soldiers in May after protesting at interference by local authorities in the functioning of the judiciary and refusing to order arrests and imprisonment in the absence of sufficient evidence.
		In late September, rpa soldiers forcibly expelled nearly 400 refugees to Burundi's northwestern province of Cibitoke, an area characterized by a high level of killings by the Burundian security forces and armed opposition groups.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar97/AFR47.htm (2058 words)

	Rwandese Patriotic Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rwandese Patriotic Front or Rwandan Patriotic Front, abbreviated as RPF, is the current ruling political party of Rwanda, led by President Paul Kagame.
		The RPF troops within the CND building, having dug strong defences during the previous months, in case they were caught in the capital with their supply lines cut and under attack, were engaged by the Rwanda army in the nearby army camp at Kanombe, near the airport.
		The army lost cohesion and began to route, being closely pursued by the RPF.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rwandese_Patriotic_Front (1565 words)

	Rwanda: Reports of killings and abductions by the Rwandese Patriotic Army, April-August 1994 - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Rwandese Patriotic Army (RPA)(1), Rwanda's new national army which until July 1994 was the armed wing of the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), has the reputation of being much better organized and disciplined than the security forces of the former government(2) it overthrew in July 1994.
		RPA soldiers were reported by eye-witnesses to have used guns, grenades, bayonets and hoes to kill their unarmed victims.
		One of the passengers fled and was reportedly pursued by approximately 15 RPA fighters.
	news.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGAFR470161994?open&of=ENG-325 (5358 words)

	[No title]
		Rwandese refugees and citizens in Uganda contributed, in large measure, to Museveni's victory in 1986.
		A major attack by the RPA in the most fertile part of the country in January and February 1993 resulted in a massive displacement of 13% of the country's total population and a drop by 15% of agricultural marketed production in one year (Marysse and de Herdt, 1993).
		It was also agreed that 600 RPA men (an armoured battalion) would be allowed to see to the protection of the RPF people in Kigali who would participate in the transition government and administration, and to safety in the capital in general.
	www.reliefweb.int /library/nordic/book1/pb020f.html (8197 words)

	Rwanda: Civilians trapped in armed conflict - "The dead can no longer be counted." - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Thousands of RPA troops are reported to be engaged in counter-insurgency operations, under the command of Colonel Kayumba Nyamwasa, the deputy chief of staff of the Gendarmerie, now effectively in charge of military operations in the northwest.
		On 31 October, eight RPA soldiers held responsible for the killing of their commander were brought to trial in a military court in Gitarama.
		Amnesty International reminds the Rwandese Government of its unconditional opposition to the death penalty as a state-sanctioned violation of the right to life and therefore appeals to the Rwandese authorities not to impose or implement the death penalty.
	www.web.amnesty.org /ai.nsf/index/AFR470431997 (7187 words)

	Rwandan genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Many Rwandans claim that there was little inter-ethnic rivalry until it was deliberately encouraged by the Juvénal Habyarimana government as a ploy to counter Paul Kagame and the Rwandese Patriotic Front's largely Tutsi invasion on October 1, 1990.
		The mainly Tutsi Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) was formed in 1985 under Paul Kagame and saw an opportunity in their own country to demand recognition of their rights as Rwandans, including the right of return.
		The Rwandese Patriotic Front claims to have intercepted secret communications to this effect between Booh-Booh and the Hutu-controlled Rwandan army, a fact which would make Booh-Booh's role in UNAMIR -- handed to him by UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali -- appear absurd.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Rwandan_Genocide (3998 words)

	[No title]
		While the Rwandese Hutu armed groups undoubtedly represent a real threat to Rwanda's security, and are ideologically intent on carrying their fight to within Rwanda's frontiers, Rwanda's claim that security alone is the reason for its continued presence is meeting with increasing international scepticism.
		RPA soldiers then reportedly razed the village to the ground and a further 40 villagers were killed that same night.
		RPA soldiers were reportedly based close to Kibirizi, but after these attacks the population felt they could not count on the RCD-Goma or RPA for protection and fled to Goma, five days' walk away.
	www.ecoi.net /pub/dh467_00127drc.htm (19969 words)

	CONGOKIN FORUM: Time for Kigali to Quit Kinshasa? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This was the scene of a May 14, 2002 brutal and bloody but bungled rebellion as the indigenous Congolese sought to throw out their allies, the Rwandese Patriotic Army (RPA).
		The rebellion was quickly quelled and local journalists allege that RPA and RCD have since been cracking down on their opponents in the rebel-held area, with several reported dead or missing.
		Military intelligence sources suggest that RPA's move to occupy former UPDF-held areas like Banalya and Bafwasende were an attempt to fight on and bring the problem back to the Inter-Congolese Dialogue.
	www.congokin.com /news/categories/analyses/archives/ana997.shtml (1039 words)

	UK Embassy of Rwanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		On July 4th, 1994, the capital city of Rwanda, Kigali, fell to the forces of the Rwandese Patriotic Army (RPA), the armed wing of the RPF.
		Two years after the establishment of the government, almost 4000 elements from the army of the previous regimes have been integrated into the new national army, RPA.
		It is the first time in the history of Rwanda that inclusive institutions are being established deliberately to fight the politics of division that have polarised the Rwandan society for so long, thereby sowing the seeds of genocide.
	www.ambarwanda.org.uk /genocide/fall.htm (276 words)

	Press Releases: Great Lakes, Rwanda: Summary of concerns
		The Rwandese government in turn accused the ICTR of "mismanagement, incompetence and corruption." The Rwandese government also stated that it would not cooperate with the ICTR prosecutor to investigate alleged war crimes committed by the RPF during the 1990 to 1994 armed conflict and genocide.
		This means ready and unhindered access to Rwandese sites and witnesses in their investigations of individuals accused of the act of genocide and crimes against humanity during the genocide and armed conflict.
		While the Rwandese government has admitted that human rights abuses have occurred in territory under its control, it has consistently claimed that these abuses were committed by individuals, not by the military as an institution.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/88ffd14504c352d949256dc0000ba5f7 (2601 words)

	MSF-USA: Special Reports from MSF
		Although the exact nature of the structures between the former government, leaders, the militia and the former Rwandese army is difficult to establish, certain mutual links continue to exist and are based on the politico-administrative structure which previously existed in Rwanda.
		A meeting of the former government, the former Rwandese army and most likely the representatives of the militia was held in Bukavu at the beginning of October.
		They are headed by the former Rwandese government, the former Rwandese army and the former members of parliament in close collaboration with the prefects and burgomasters.
	www.doctorswithoutborders.org /publications/reports/before1999/breaking_1994.htm (5256 words)

	MAJOR GENERAL PAUL KAGAME BEHIND THE SHOOTING DOWN OF LATE HABYARIMANA’S PLANE: AN EYE WITNESS TESTIMONY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		When I fled the country, I was working in the Republican Guard, an RPA (Rwanda Patriotic Army) special unit that provides elements for the Presidential Protection Unit.
		The latter is the acronym given to the part of a hoe that RPA used to smash heads of people condemned to death.
		Recently, when one of former RPA officers who deserted and fled the country said that RPA was to blame for the killing of Tutsi, Rwandan foreign affairs minister, Charles Muligande attempted against all odds to refute it.
	fdlr.r-online.info /Actualite/Aloys_Runyenzi.htm (3544 words)

	Rwandan response to Amnesty allegations concerning human rights in Eastern Congo
		The officers and men of the RPA could never conceivably condone a situation of generalized lawlessness and utter disregard for human life as the AI report alleges.
		Whenever members of the RPA are accused or suspected of having committed any crime, such complaints are always investigated and the suspects brought to justice.
		Rwanda is not responsible for the victimization and persecution of ethnic Rwandese in the DRC
	www.afrol.com /Countries/Rwanda/documents/drc_ai_response_2001.htm (2016 words)

	RDR Press Release No. 17 : The Rising Anguish of Rwandese Refugees
		Two weeks back, the RPF Army almost repeated the KIBEHO holocaust by carrying out a general cordon and search operation in all the communes of GIKONGORO District, bordering NYUNGWE forest, under the pretext of looking for arms, when everybody knew that the operation was planned to get rid of unwanted Hutu.
		For reasons yet to be known, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of BURUNDI recently released rumours widely broadcast on the national radio, that members of the former Rwandese Army and of the militia were fighting alongside forces of CNDD.
		Rwandese refugees reaffirm their inalienable rights for a peaceful return to their country in security and in dignity.
	www.rdrwanda.org /english/press_releases/RDR/24_August_1995.html (1353 words)

	Rwanda: Alarming resurgence of killings - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		While the Rwandese Government has acknowledged that isolated cases do occur and has assured Amnesty International that soldiers found responsible for human rights violations have been arrested, it has so far failed to address the broader pattern of extrajudicial executions by RPA soldiers and to prevent further killings.
		It appeared to intensify after the RPA apprehended two individuals reported to be members of the former Rwandese army, one of whom subsequently escaped.
		The Rwandese delegation reportedly claimed that the situation in Rwanda was under control and did not merit discussion or an OAU resolution.
	www.web.amnesty.org /ai.nsf/index/AFR470131996 (7444 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Field Operation in Rwanda.Status reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		On 24 January, Jean Nzeyimana and Shumbusha Bavugamenshi, two alleged accomplices in a murder, were executed by soldiers of the Rwandese Patriotic Army (RPA) during a public security meeting organized by the military authorities in Karengera commune, southern Cyangugu prefecture.
		The meeting was chaired by an RPA major, the military commander of Bugumya sub-prefecture, assisted by the RPA officer in charge of Karengera commune.
		The man in RPA uniform was shot in the leg, arrested and taken to the Gendarmerie Brigade.
	www.unhchr.ch /html/menu2/5/rwanda/rwa_sr2.htm (1962 words)

	Rwanda: Alarming resurgence of killings - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		While the Rwandese Government has acknowledged that isolated cases do occur and has assured Amnesty International that soldiers found responsible for human rights violations have been arrested, it has so far failed to address the broader pattern of extrajudicial executions by RPA soldiers and to prevent further killings.
		It appeared to intensify after the RPA apprehended two individuals reported to be members of the former Rwandese army, one of whom subsequently escaped.
		The Rwandese delegation reportedly claimed that the situation in Rwanda was under control and did not merit discussion or an OAU resolution.
	www.amnesty.org.ru /library/Index/ENGAFR470131996?open&of=ENG-351 (7456 words)

	Rwanda/Kenya: Inquiry into assassination of Rwandese opposition leader in exile urgently needed
		A diplomat from the Rwandese embassy in Nairobi was suspected by the Kenyan authorities of involvement in the attack; he was initially detained, but released without trial, under pressure from the Rwandese Government.
		There have been several other cases of Rwandese nationals killed in Kenya over the last few years, which are not known to have been the object of conclusive investigations and which have sown fear among the Rwandese exiled community -- a fear likely to be heightened by the latest assassination.
		Seth Sendashonga was among several prominent Rwandese who had provided testimonies to non-governmental organizations and some foreign governments about large-scale massacres of mostly unarmed civilians by members of the RPF since April 1994, but these received little international attention at that time.
	www.inshuti.org /sendash3.htm (770 words)

	The EastAfrican on the Web
		In Uganda, the involvement of the army in the 2001 presidential election led to violence in some parts of the country, leading to loss of life and property.
		According to Maj Rutamera, during the civic education seminars, the army is being told not to campaign for particular candidates and to respect the outcome of the polls.
		The Rwandese Patriotic Army was transformed from a guerrilla force into a national army, the Rwanda Defence Forces (RDF), after stopping the 1994 genocide.
	www.nationaudio.com /News/EastAfrican/14072003/Regional/Regional34.html (579 words)

	Uganda-Rwanda War; Beyond Ego And Gold (Parts I-III) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In many ways, the RPA is the hand which anyone who needs to take Mugabe out of Congo will most probably use.
		One reading of this was that within the context of East African politics, we are seeing the emergence of a new polarisation pitting Uganda and Kenya in one corner, and Tanzania and Rwanda in the other.
		Recently, when officers of the Rwandese Patriotic Army (RPA) who were accused of formenting trouble in Kigali fled into Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam arrested and handed them back.
	www.africanews.com /article385.html (2339 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The attack took place after Seth Sendashonga was lured to an appointment by a Rwandese man, known to him as a member of the Rwandese Patriotic Army (RPA), who claimed that he wanted to give Sendashonga a document.
		BACKGROUND INFORMATION Kenya is host to several thousand Rwandese refugees, many of whom fled their country in the immediate aftermath of the genocide in Rwanda which claimed as many as one million lives between April and July 1994.
		Rwandese and other refugees in Kenya have also been victims of human rights abuses by the Kenyan authorities, including arbitrary arrest, ill-treatment and torture (UA 270/95, AFR 32/24/95, 6 December 1995).
	www.derechos.org /human-rights/afr/seth.txt (676 words)

	Candadian Officer Explains How Outnumbered Tutsi Defeated The Hutu In Rwanda [Free Republic]
		As the Canadian Army embarks upon a revision of its war fighting doctrine to manoeuvre warfare, this article is presented to my brother infanteers as an example of how this new doctrine can impact on tactics to as low a level as the Section attack.
		The key to Tutsi's (Rwandese Patriotic Army) tactics was the double envelopment; a tactic which embraces the fundamentals of manoeuvre warfare.
		The Army, during this process of training and enlargement had grown from a 4000 man rabble to a battle hardened force of 20,000 men organized into 3 mobile groups and 7 infantry Battalions (with other support arm and service units).
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a397a16354784.htm (3937 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Field Operation in Rwanda.Status reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The principal purpose of the seminar was to provide an opportunity for military instructors and political commissars of the RPA to discuss the role of the armed forces in the protection and promotion of human rights with international military experts.
		In collaboration with regional RPA commanders, HRFOR has organized during the past year a number of seminars for junior officers and soldiers on the role of the RPA in the protection and promotion of human rights in post-genocide Rwanda.
		As noted during 1996, members of the former Rwandese Armed Forces (ex-FAR), Interahamwe militia, or other insurgents opposed to the Government of Rwanda were held responsible in the majority of cases of killings and other attacks against genocide survivors and persons associated with them.
	www.unhchr.ch /html/menu2/5/rwanda/rwa_sr3.htm (2483 words)

	Travel in Kigali Rwanda History
		When the war began, Rwandese peasants and workers, students and intellectuals, men and women from every region and "ethnic" or social group, responded to the call of the Rwandese Patriotic Front to rid our country of dictatorship.
		Given the fact that they had always relied on the army as the instrument of maintaining their grip on power at any cost, it is clear why they were very opposed to the idea of integration of the armed forces.
		RANU (Rwandese Alliance for National Unity) is established by a group of Rwandese exiles in Kenya.
	www.africatravelling.net /rwanda/kigali/kigali_history.htm (2805 words)

	africast.com - News List
		The May 2002 abuses, including summary executions of civilians and combatants, rape and pillaging, are reported to have been carried out by members of the Rwandese Patriotic Army (RPA) and combatants loyal to the Goma-based faction of the Rassemblement congolais pour la démocratie (RCD-Goma), Congolese Rally for Democracy.
		The deliberate and arbitrary killings occurred hours and for days after a group of mutinous RCD- Goma combatants occupied the armed political group's Kisangani radio station on 14 May and called on the population to use all means to end the occupation of eastern DRC by Rwanda.
		That they have reoccurred in the same city that the UNSC demanded that it be demilitarized is a clear indication that the UN and its member states have not shown sufficient resolve to bring the perpetrators to justice", the organization said.
	news.africast.com /article.php?newsID=38490&strRegion=Central (732 words)

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