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	Oceanic trench - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trenches along with volcanic arcs and zones of earthquakes that dip under the volcanic arc as deeply as 700 km are diagnostic of convergent plate boundaries and their deeper manifestations, subduction zones.
		Trenches are centerpieces of the distinctive physiography of a convergent plate margin.
		Trenches distant from an influx of continental sediments lack an accretionary prism, and the inner slope of such trenches is commonly composed of igneous or metamorphic rocks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oceanic_trench (3719 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Oceanic trench (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The oceanic trenches are several hundred kilometres long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor.
		A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to go under, on the convex side and between 50 and 250 km from a volcanic arc.
		The deepest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench at a depth of 10,991m (35,798 ft) below sea level.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Oceanic_trench (107 words)

	The deep sea -
		Ocean trenches are typically close to land masses and tend to have high rates of sedimentation, significant amount of which is of organic origin and an important available food source for trench communities.
		Trenches tend to be isolated linear systems that because of their seismic activity form a habitat that is unstable and unpredictable compared with the relative environmental stability of the adjacent abyssal plains.
		Trench faunas are not rich in species but are often high in numbers of endemic species.
	www.oceansatlas.com /id/18520 (268 words)

	Encyclopedia: Diaoyu Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The islands sit on the edge of the continental shelf of mainland Asia, and are separated from the The Ryukyu Islands (琉球列島 Ryūkyū_rettō) are an island group, the southern portion belonging to Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and the northern part belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
		Ming Dynasty, by royal visitors from Ming China to the The main building of Shuri Castle Ryukyu Kingdom was an independent kingdom which ruled the Ryukyu Islands from the 14th century to the 19th century.
		The U.S. and the Ryukyu Government under the U.S. occupation explicitly ruled the island, and the U.S. navy used Kuba_jima and Taisho_jima as maneuver areas.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Diaoyu-Islands (2769 words)

	Famous Sea Trenches quiz
		It reaches a maximum depth of 24,440 feet and is the deepest trench of the Indian Ocean.
		This trench is a narrow submarine depression lying near the Equator in the mid-Atlantic Ocean.
		This trench, also called the Bartlett Deep, is a relatively narrow submarine trench on the floor of the western Caribbean sea between Jamaica and the island group after which it is named.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz/quiz19605916733b0.html (339 words)

	Archived conservation news for Ryukyu
		Japanese officials argue that since the continental shelf extends to the trench south of the Ryukyu island chain, rights to the shelf should be divided equally...
		Taiwan is as close to Japan's Ryukyu islands as it is to the Chinese mainland, and it controls the Luzon Straits, which give access to the South China Sea and...
		The incident at the Ryukyu University festival has caused school officials to denounce the bad judgment on the part of its students, and to serve notice of...
	conservation.mongabay.com /files/Ryukyu.htm (1776 words)

	Okinawa though backarc basin
		Stress directions associated with the two last extensional phases in the southwestern Okinawa Trough have been deduced from a comparison with analog modeling: the direction of extension is N150° for the Pleistocene phase of extension (2-0.1 Ma) and N170° for the late Pleistocene-Holocene phase of extension (0.1-0 Ma).
		The present-day Ryukyu volcanic arc, a narrow continuous feature extending from Japan to Taiwan, is located on the eastern side of the Okinawa Trough, 80-100 km above the Wadati-Benioff zone, the minimum depth for emplacement of arc magmatism.
		Associated surface manifestations in its northern prolongation are the large reentrant located at the base of the Ryukyu prism (Yaeyama ridge (YR), the uplifted part of the Nanao forearc basin (NB), the deformation of the sedimentary arc and the Okinawa Trough voluminous arc volcanism which is located in the direct prolongation.
	www.ifremer.fr /drogm/Realisation/Publi/Articles/jcsibuet/Taiwan/Taiwan.html (739 words)

	Oceanic trench - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Experiences from World War I battlefields emblazoned the concept of the trench warfare as an elongate depression defining an important boundary, so it was no surprise that the term &#8220;trench”; was used to describe natural features in the early 1920’s.
		This assymetry is due to the fact that the outer slope is defined by the top of the downgoing plate, which must bend as it starts its descent.
		?d may be controlled by the age of the lithosphere at the trench, the convergence rate, and the dip of the subducted slab at intermediate depths.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Oceanic_trench (3762 words)

	Ryukyu Trench -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Yap Trench is about 400 miles (650 km) long from north to south and reaches a maximum depth of 27,976 feet (8,527 m) some 300 miles (480 km) northeast of the Palau Islands.
		In cross section, trenches are generally V-shaped with either a series of terracelike steps or a dramatic fall to the ocean floor.
		Trenches lie mainly around the Pacific but also occur in the northern borders of the Indian Ocean, in the outer loops...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9064567 (913 words)

	1945 November 1st (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		He steadily advanced up the hill, killing Japanese soldiers with rapid fire, driving others to cover in their strongly disposed trenches, unhesitatingly facing alone the strength that had previously beaten back attacks in battalion strength.
		He left his position, where grenades from both sides were passing over his head and bursting on either slope, to attack the main enemy trench as confusion and panic seized the defenders.
		Craft continued down the central trench to the mouth of a cave where many of the enemy had taken cover.
	www.angelfire.com /my/rememberww2/1945/11/01.htm (581 words)

	UN Seahorse: Oceans around Japan
		On the Asian continent, Russia is to the north and northwest of Japan, and North Korea, South Korea, and China are to the west.
		Trenches, found in the lowest parts of the earth's surface, are formed by the subduction of one plate below the edge of another, causing major earthquakes periodically.
		The meeting of plates and trenches also produces an interesting set of ocean floor phenomena, such as thermal vents (which support a peculiar set of lifeforms, some of which can survive in temperatures as high as 90 degC!), hydrothermal deposits, ocean currents etc. Trenches have also been a focus of interest for earthquake prediction.
	www.gdrc.org /oceans/un-seahorse/ocean.html (1096 words)

	Ryukyu Islands - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Ryukyu Islands
		The islands are inhabited by people with the same features as the Japanese, and although the Ryukyu dialects are related to Japanese, they are unintelligible to speakers of the standard language.
		The southern Ryukyus were returned to Japan in 1972, and are now collectively administered as Okinawa prefecture.
		The islands, like the coast of mainland Japan, are subject to typhoons and tsunamis (giant ocean waves), one of which, over 12 m/ 39.4 ft high, came ashore in 1771, killing nearly 12,000 people.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Ryukyu%20Islands (516 words)

	Ryukyu Trench - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ryukyu Trench is an 1,398 mile long ocean trench running north along the eastern edge of Japan 's Ryukyu Islands in the Philippine Sea.
		The trench goes as deep as 24,629 feet.
		This trench has also been called the Nansei-Shoto Trench, after an alternate Japanese name for the Ryukyu Islands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ryukyu_Trench (77 words)

	Heroes of Okinawa
		Rallying his men forward with indomitable determination, Cpl. Bush boldly defied the slashing fury of concentrated Japanese artillery fire pouring down from the gun-studded mountain fortress to lead his squad up the face of the rocky precipice, sweep over the ridge, and drive the defending troops from their deeply entrenched position.
		Craft killed at least 25 of the enemy; but his contribution to the campaign on Okinawa was of much more far-reaching consequence for Hen Hill was the key to the entire defense line, which rapidly crumbled after his utterly fearless and heroic attack.
		Locating the source of enemy fire in trenches on the reverse slope of the hill, 1st Lt. Terry, burdened by 6 satchel charges launched a l-man assault.
	www.worldwariihistory.info /Medal-of-Honor/Okinawa.html (5705 words)

	abstract
		In the offshore eastern Taiwan, the Philippine Sea plate obliquely subducting northwestward beneath the Eurasian plate along the Ryukyu trench formed the island arc and back-arc basin.
		To determine the location, strength, and orientation of seismic anisotropy in the Ryukyu subduction zone beneath Ishigaki, we evaluated shear wave splitting from both local and teleseismic shear waves recorded at ISG and IGK, YNG stations from the Japan OHP and F-net broadband networks during 1998-2003.
		The fast direction based on a group of local events from the north normal to the strike of the trench is NW41 ¡Ó 14 ¢X, while the fast direction from the southwest events with backazimuths subparallel to the trench is NW61 ¡Ó 15 ¢X.
	newburn.myweb.hinet.net /research_main.htm (514 words)

	SITE 1202: KUROSHIO CURRENT
		As the Kuroshio Current passes between the eastern side of the island of Taiwan and the southernmost part of the Ryukyu Island arc, it is deflected upward when it approaches the Ilan Ridge and then flows northeastward in the Okinawa Trough (Ono et al., 1987; Chen et al., 1992) (Fig.
		Consequently, the Kuroshio Current may have been located on the trench side of the Ryukyu arc until ~7.5 ka during the Holocene (Ujiie et al., 1991; Ahagon et al., 1993; Shieh and Chen, 1995).
		For example, the Kuroshio Current passes over the Ryukyu arc and into the Okinawa Trough before turning northeast and continuing toward Japan, but changes in sea level associated with glacial-interglacial cycles could well redirect the Kuroshio Current outside the arc and isolate the Okinawa Trough on a cyclic basis.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/195_IR/chap_01/c1_4.htm (2875 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		To the northeast of Taiwan, northwestward subduction of the Philippine Sea plate is occurring beneath the Eurasian plate along the Ryukyu Trench.
		The Ryukyu Trench, which is well defined along the northeastern part of the Ryukyu arc, cannot be easily defined west of 123° east.
		The Gagua Ridge is a boundary between the active deformation zone related to the collision in Taiwan and the West Philippine Basin.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/09670653/articles/45/4/S096706539882962.abstract.en (207 words)

	Ryukyu Islands -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		With a total land area of 1,193 square miles (3,090 square km), the Ryukyus consist of 55 islands and islets divided into three major groups:...
		One of the major characteristics of Asia is that most of the population is crowded onto a broad fringe extending to the ocean, an area that is relatively fertile, level, and well-watered.
		The largest of Japan's Ryukyu islands, Okinawa is the most populous of the Okinawa island group.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9064566 (889 words)

	japan trench (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Japan Trench The Japan Trench is a depression in the floor of the northern Pacific Ocean off northeast Japan.
		New Zealand, and deep trenches, such as the Marianas Trench, the Philippine Trench, and the Tonga Trench.
		Oceanic trench The oceanic trenches are the deepest parts of the ocean floor, typically formed when one tectonic...
	www.wikisearch.net /japan+trench (562 words)

	Ñåéñìîòåêòîíè÷åñêèé îáçîð î ðàéîíå çåìëåòðÿñåíèÿ 31 ìàðòà 2002 ã. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Philippine plate is moving NW at a rate of about 7 cm per year relative to the Eurasian plate.
		The surface expression of this contact is the east-west trending Ryukyu trench which is about 200 kilometers southeast of the epicenter.
		The tectonic environment of this earthquake differs from that of the more destructive magnitude 7.7 earthquake that occurred on September 20, 1999; the latter earthquake occurred in the crust of the Eurasian plate within the island of Taiwan.
	zeus.wdcb.ru /wdcb/sep/strong/20020331/stect.html (215 words)

	Senkaku Islands - InformationBlast
		The islands were first documented during the Ming Dynasty, by royal visitors from Ming China to the Ryukyu Kingdom at the current Okinawa prefecture of Japan.
		At this stage, we can see a series of islands that cannot be seen in the return trip." During the Qing Dynasty, when the ex-Ming Dynasty general Zheng Jing was defeated, Taiwan and its surrounding islands became under the control of the Qing.
		Some Chinese insist that during the Cixi era, the islands were presented as a gift to a mandarin "for the purpose of collecting herbs on the islands," but its credibility is questioned.
	www.informationblast.com /Senkaku_Islands.html (1016 words)

	Driving force of the Philippine Sea Plate
		On the other hand, the slab pull, which is operated at the Kyushu - Ryukyu Trench and the Philippine Trench, produces a torque pole of 61.7¡N, 257.9¡E in northern Canada.
		Figure 6 A schematic illustration showing the mantle upwelling in the East China Sea west of Kyushu which is driving Kyushu and westernmost Honshu to the east by the viscous drag forces (Seno, 1999).
		The collision forces at the Palau-Yap Trenches are also indicated by the arrow.
	www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp /seno/phs.driving_abst.html (657 words)

	CHAPTER 1 OF "LANDSLIDE IN JAPAN"
		The deep-seated earthquakes around Japan are epicentered alone the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, Japan Trench, Izu-Ogasawara Trench, South Sea Trench, and Ryukyu Trench, which dip steeply into the continent along the Wadati-Benioff plane.
		Furthermore, a series of volcanic fronts are aligned between the trenches and the continent.
		Typically the volcanic belts are located about 100 to 200 km inward of the trenches (Fig.2).Based on the volcanic fronts, the five island arcs mentioned above are classified into volcanic inner arcs and non-volcanic outer arcs.
	www.tuat.ac.jp /%7Esabo/lj/ljap1.htm (1293 words)

	ryukyu_trench (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Nankai Trough New Guinea Ontong-Java Plateau Parece Vela Basin Philippine Islands Ryukyu Islands Ryukyu Trench Sakhalin Solomon Islands Taiwan West Philippine Basin Aleutian Islands subduction of Pacific Plate...
		Taiwan is located at the junction of the Manila and Ryukyu Trench in the Western Philippine Sea where the Philippine plate is being forced under the Eurasia...
		The branch unit is serially inserted to TPC-2 cable and located at Ryukyu Trench area at a depth of about 2200 m.
	ryukyu_trench.networklive.org (313 words)

	Deep Ocean Trench Occur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Deep Ocean Trench A trench is any long, narrow, steep-sided depression in the ocean bottom...
		submarine landslides ( trench slope failures) are sediment "avalanches" that occur in deep - ocean canyons; and students...
		Deep Ocean Trench A trench is any long, narrow, steep-sided depression in the ocean...
	ocean.igheat.com /deep-ocean-trench-occur.html (399 words)

	SGF Résumé
		It requires the knowledge of the slip vector, which is situated between the azimuth of the convergence and the perpendicular to the trench.
		The slope measured perpendicularly to the trench increases with increasing basal friction (fig.
		Close to the trench, two other faults are interpreted as reverse faults which may correspond to a strike slip oblique component.
	sgfr.free.fr /publier/editions/BSGF/Resumes-2002/Res02B1-2.html (1655 words)

	Senkaku Islands - Articles and Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The islands sits at the boundary of land, and is separated from the Ryukyu islands by a deep sea trench.
		On October 7, protests placed the flags of the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China on the main island, but they were later removed by the Japanese.
		These islands are first documented in history in Ming Dynasty, by royal visitors from the Ming China to the Ryukyu Kingdom at the current Okinawa Prefecture of Japan.
	www.breakpt.org /article/Diaoyutai_Islands (583 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The three dimensional representation of the data was very useful in distinguishing the Ryukyu Trench (northeast of Taiwan).
		Plate movements were estimated by use of the deepest earthquakes near the trench.
		There is a general trend that correlates the subduction zone that lies to the northeast and the slow convergence zone that lies to the west of Taiwan.
	www.utexas.edu /cons/urp/files/04-Abstracts/84-Lindsey-Hammer.doc (162 words)

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