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Topic: Ryukyuan songs

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	ryukyu islands - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The archipelago is home to the Ryukyuan language family.
		Some Ryukyuans and some Japanese feel that people from the Ryukyus are not "real" Japanese.
		Some natives of the Ryukyus claim that the central government is discriminating against the islanders by allowing so many American soldiers to be stationed on bases in Okinawa with a minimal presence on the mainland.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Ryukyu-Islands (370 words)

	Ryukyu Islands - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Ryukyu Kingdom was once an independent kingdom, occupying most of the island chain, from Yonaguni island in the southwest, to Amami Oshima in the north.
		Some Ryukyuans (and some Japanese as well) feel that people from the Ryukyus are not "real" Japanese.
		Also, some natives of the Ryukyus claim that the central government is discriminating against them by allowing so many American soldiers to be stationed in Okinawa, a far higher percentage than are stationed anywhere else in Japan.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Ryukyu (277 words)

	Bronfenbrenner article
		In 1958, the U.S. apparently abandoned any hope of an independent Ryukyuan economy, and put the Ryukyus on the dollar standard--still at 120 to the dollar-- abolishing the Ryukyuan monetary system as a step to closer association with the U.S. (This policy was itself reversed in 1972, when the Ryukyus were returned to Japan.
		It was also apparent from the rudimentary Ryukyuan statistics that the Ryukyus had a positive current-account balance with the U.S., the islands' only legal trading partner at that time.
		He opined that in the long run the Ryukyuans would be better off to establish a sound currency by taking title to some small part of the U.S. gold reserve in Fort Knox, Kentucky, and forgetting about clothing and lumber for a few more years.
	www.econ.duke.edu /History/Bronfen/Ryukyus.html (1116 words)

	The Dolphin Institute - Dolphin Research Summaries
		Recordings of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song were obtained between 10 March and 14 April 1989 from the Bonin Islands and Ryukyuan Islands of Japan, the Hawaiian Islands, and the southeastern Baja Peninsula of Mexico.
		Through analyses of the song samples obtained, seven "themes" were identified in Hawaiian and in Bonin song and six in Mexican song.
		The song samples from the Ryukyu were all of short duration and were likely an incomplete record of the entire song repertoire.
	www.dolphin-institute.org /our_research/whale_research/abstracts/1990helwegetal.html (235 words)

	The Dolphin Institute - Resource Guide
		However, smaller enterprises in such places as the Ryukyuan Islands of Japan and along the coasts of Australia are increasing in popularity, and illustrates that benign, nonconsumptive approaches to whales can have an economic impact far greater than whaling.
		Song has occasionally been reported from the feeding grounds, but occurs primarily on the winter grounds and during migration and (Clapham and Mattila, 1990; Mattila, Guinee, and Mayo, 1987; McSweeney, Chu, Dolphin, and Guinee, 1989; Winn and Winn, 1978).
		Winn, H.E., and Winn, L.K. (1978). The song of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the West Indies. Marine Biology 47, 97-114.
	www.dolphin-institute.org /resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm (5534 words)

	Shoukichi Kina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His first big hit was "Haisai Ojisan" (Hey, old man) in 1972, which he wrote when he was in high school.
		(He was actually in prison on drug-related charges when the song became a hit.) He is now perhaps equally well-known for his ongoing activism in the name of peace.
		He was elected a member of the House of Councillors in July 2004.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shoukichi_Kina (143 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ryukyuan songs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Ryukyuan languages are spoken in the Ryukyu islands and make up a subfamily of the Japonic family.
		Categories: Japan-related stubs Tinsagu nu Hana (Okinawan てんさぐぬはな the Basalm Flowers) is a popular Ryukyuan folksong in the Okinawan language.
		Futami Jouwa is a popular Ryukyuan song in the Okinawan language with a part for a man and a part for a woman.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ryukyuan-songs (115 words)

	About Pacific Whale Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Humpback whales sing complex songs which are subject to continual and gradual change during the winter breeding months (Payne and McVay 1971; Payne 1979).
		The exact function of the song remains speculative: we do know that only males have been identified as singers (Glockner 1983), and we know that singing peaks during the winter months (Winn and Winn 1978), although portions of song have been heard on the summer feeding grounds (McSweeney et al.
		The song of the humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae in the West Indies.
	www.pacificwhale.org /learn/humpback.html (2207 words)

	Classical Ryukyuan Music-About the Ryukyu Classical Music-Classical Music and its Origins
		It began with old songs such as "Omoro" and "Kuena," and the sanshin was added along with other accompanying instruments including the Koto, Fue, Kokyu and Taiko.
		However, "classical Ryukyuan music" generally pertains to Sanshin music, which was created during the dynasty times.
		Ryukyuan performing arts were also demonstrated during the pilgrimages to Satsuma and Edo, and it is thought that this largely influenced the development of sanshin music.
	www.wonder-okinawa.jp /014/en/1c-m/index.html (203 words)

	Music in Japan
		He compiled these songs, along with Western airs of a similar tonal structure, such as "Auld Lang Syne," in a textbook, which was used in schools throughout the country.
		Leaders, who were often prohibited from speaking in public, had songs written to air their message and singers walked the streets selling copies of the songs.
		The song was taken up by enka performers, who sang it on street corners, and it was also one of the first big-selling records.
	www.sg.emb-japan.go.jp /JapanAccess/music.htm (1936 words)

	Kariyushi Arts Performances
		While other Ryukyuan folk songs are in 8-8-8-6 meter, this song is in the mainland Japanese scale of 7-5 or 7-7 meter and is repeated.
		The dancer’s hair is arranged in the Ryukyuan karaji style tied with a purple headband decorated with an artificial flower and stiff tassels on each side.
		At present many performances are accompanied by two songs, Fishibushi and Shichishakubushi; however, originally the songs Sasabushi or Hyakunabushi were performed during the final section of the dance.
	www.pref.okinawa.jp /bunshin/english/con2/06_1koten.html (1438 words)

	Ryukyu Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The archipelago is home to the Ryukyuan languages.
		He decided that Japan's claim to the islands was stronger and ruled in Japan's favor.
		The claims of the indigenous Ryukyuans to the land were ignored.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ryukyu_Islands (504 words)

	SICRI- Small Island Cultures Research Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This research explores the use of the Jersey language (Jèrriais) in folk song on the island of Jersey in the Channel Islands.
		The study is concerned primarily with two groups of songs: (1) those that are perceived as traditional Jersey folk songs in that they use a distinct local language; and (2) a wider repertoire of appropriated songs and their subsequent transformation through the adoption of lyrics in Jèrriais.
		The study focuses on the use of language as the main way in which some songs are maintained as traditional, as well as providing a commentary on the ongoing contribution of such folk songs to the contemporary heritage industry.
	www.sicri.org /sicri05/abstract05pages/Johnson.htm (209 words)

	JPRI Occasional Paper No. 8
		The Meiji government had already used a massacre of Ryukyuan sailors by Taiwanese aborigines in 1871 as a diplomatic pretext to claim that Ryukyuans were "subjects of Japan" in need of protection, and it organized a punitive "expedition" to Formosa in 1873.
		A central theme in the research of Iha Fuyu, the founder of Okinawan ethnography, and mainland anthropologists Yanagita Kunio and Orikuchi Shinobu, was that Okinawan culture, especially in it ancient forms, is of central importance to the culture of Japan.
		The remnants of ancient Japanese words and place names in modern Ryukyuan dialects, local religious practices thought to originate in Micronesia, and Okinawan pottery techniques were all identified as examples of "pure Japanese culture" that had survived in Okinawa, but had regrettably disappeared in the cultural mishmash of modern Japan.
	www.jpri.org /publications/occasionalpapers/op8.html (5107 words)

	Okinawan Karate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Okinawan (Okinawan: Ucinaaguci) is a Ryukyuan language spoken in Japan on the southern island of Okinawa, as well as the surrounding islands of Kerama, Kume-jima, Tonaki, Aguni, and a number of smaller islands located to the east of the main island of Okinawa.
		The Shuri dialect was standardized during the era of the Ryukyuan Kingdom, during the reign of King Sho Shin (1477-1526).
		All of the songs and poems in the language from that era are written in the Shuri dialect.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/137/okinawan-karate.html (1326 words)

	Dugong found in Okinawan history from days of the Ryukyu Kingdom - JapanUpdate.com - Okinawa News, Classifieds, Events, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The song, which belongs to the main island of Okinawa, is a type of song called omoro in the local language.
		A song from the very small island of Hatojima, just off the coast of Iriomote, tells the story of a woman that looked out to a calm sea and discovered a Jugong, which she first had mistaken as a floating log.
		In the song, the young men of the island catch Jugong to give to the King in Shuri as a special tax payment, which was called uwakizei.
	www.japanupdate.com /en?id=3766 (1816 words)

	Upto11.net - Wikipedia Article for Gusuku (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Built in 1799, the royal villa was not only where the royals relaxed but was also used to host the investiture envoys who came from the Great Empire, China.
		The gardenand#8217;s circle layout resembles plans used in modern Japanese gardens, but the Villa itself with its red tile is uniquely Ryukyuan, and pond and bridge to the miniature island is in the Chinese style.
		This is a rare, historically valuable example of Ryukyuan landscape gardening.
	www.upto11.net /generic_wiki.php?q=gusuku (246 words)

	history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		From the 14th to 19th centuries, Okinawa was the seat of the Ryukyuan kingdom.
		By preserving the ancient songs of Okinawa, adding new compositions, and adopting the Chinese method of musical transcription, Yakabi created the genre of classical Okinawan music as it is known today.
		During the reign of the last Ryukyuan King Sho Tai (1866- 1879) two schools of classical Okinawan music were established.
	www.geocities.co.jp /SiliconValley-PaloAlto/5962/history.html (562 words)

	The Languages of Japan (Cambridge Language Surveys) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A story told in Amami (the northernmost of the Ryukyuan languages) would even be difficult for a speaker of the Kagoshima dialect of Japanese (the southernmost) to understand.
		According to the author, the reason Ryukyuan is just a dialect is because of its historical relationship to Japanese.
		First, whether Ryukyuan is a "dialect" or a "separate" language is just a matter of semantics.
	www.teen-bookstore.com /item/The-Languages-of-Japan-Cambridge-Language-Surveys-0521369185.html (1039 words)

	Musical Journey - Chronology
		Also based on the old songs and ballads, there were songs and dances called Ushideku that started to be performed in agricultural and fishing villages during ceremonies.
		These Nembutsu Buddhist chants became Eisa folk dances.In the latter half of the 19th century, with the dissolution of the Ryukyuan Kingdom, Okinawan classical music left the confines of the court and was changed by the common folk.
		Okinawan music that started from ancient sacred songs has diverged through the ages into a multitude of styles as numerous as the stars in the night time sky, a process that continues even today.
	rca.open.ed.jp /web_e/music/chronicle/digest.html (496 words)

	Chitose Hajime Fanblog
		The arrangements seem to be close to the originals (I’ll have to give it another listen to make sure) and the mixture of songs from her indies days to her major label ones add a nice tempo to the album.
		No new material from Chitose to report yet, but a remix of her song, Seirei (from her 2001 Augusta Records album “Kotonoha”), will be featured on the soundtrack for the Japanese film “Shinibana”.
		The remixed song is called “Seirei∼nomado version∼” and will be released in Japan (so far as only part of the “Shinibana” soundtrack) on Wednesday, April 21, 2004 for ¥1,748.
	pop.internet-okinawa.com /hajime_c (712 words)

	Classical Ryukyuan Music-About the Ryukyu Classical Music-Classical Music and its Origins-Ryukyuan Folk Songs
		The beginnings of folk songs are not clear, but they were supposedly sung from ancient times in each area.
		It is also supposed that folk song Sanshin music was created when the instrument itself began being played by common people.
		The contents were taken from customs, legends and old songs, and trends at the time were also reflected.
	www.wonder-okinawa.jp /014/en/1c-m/index9.html (234 words)

	Ryukyuan songs - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ryukyuan songs - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 02:04, 30 May 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Ryukyuan songs contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Ryukyuan_songs (54 words)

	Untitled Document
		This section comes from a collection of Ryukyuan poems and songs that were collectively called the Omoro soshi, a document that is basically an anthology of early Okinawan songs.
		Furthermore, from songs found in the omoro soshi, the ancient Okinawans looked upon the Miruya people with awe, they possessed far more material culture (ceramics) and the technology to produce it.
		There is a song called the omoro of Tametomo, who was a leader with the Minamoto clans.
	www.adam.com.au /psandcd/omoro.htm (1836 words)

	Music—East Asia, Ryukyuan History Summary
		With court music, the primary form is further divided into formal songs accompanied by the music of a sanshin (three-stringed lute with snakeskin) and dance repertoire.
		Over the centuries, Ryukyuan folk song and dance have been adapted to different circumstances and evolved into a variety of styles—religious rituals, secular entertainment, love songs, lullabies, epic poem-songs, and the like—which do not necessarily incorporate the sanshin.
		Ryukyuan classical music is still listened to and performed by a large number of people in Okinawa.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/musiceast-asia-ryukyuan-ema-04 (388 words)

	Introduction To The Okinawan Language: Uchina Guchi
		The Ryukyuan language is classified as an independent language because of the uniqueness of its remote relationships in morphological, phonological, and lexical aspects.
		Within the Ryukyuan language, the Okinawan language itself is comprised of many different dialects and sub-dialects from village to village.
		The Shuri dialect was standardized under the Ryukyuan kingdom central administration established by King Sho Shin (1477-1526).
	www.okinawan-shorinryu.com /okinawa/uchina.html (609 words)

	The Historical Tide of the Ryukyuan Sound
		The scope of Okinawa's music from the birth of the Ryukyuan musical scale is too large a scope to handle here.
		In the 1940's Ryukyuan music generally meant only the ancient folk ballads, music that is being passed on today as well.
		The backbone of Okinawan music, the Ryukyuan scales and traditional folk songs are not being lost at all, but are evolving into a myriad of forms.
	www.pref.okinawa.jp /summit/a_la/tokusyu_10/soukatu.htm (582 words)

	Of Interest Column
		While the Satsuma rule over the Ryukyu Kingdom, which began in the early 17th century, weighed heavily on the hearts of people, the singing and dancing arts were quite vigorous in this era.
		Chokun Tamagusuku was the magistrate in charge of entertainments for the most important events in the Ryukyuan Royal court, the banquets for the Chinese investiture envoys.
		On orders from the Shuri royal court he traveled to Kagoshima and, using the songs from Noh theater and Chinese music as reference, made scores for Ryukyuan music.
	rca.open.ed.jp /web_e/music/column/column5.html (448 words)

	THE OKINAWA TIMES WEEKLY TIMES 1998.11.21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I thought that court was the place to fix wrongs." Because Shoko wasn't feeling well at the time, she was afraid to tell him that he lost.
		She is also of course a student of Ryukyuan Classical Dance.
		There are special books which explain the meaning of Ryukyuan classical songs and dance forms but few monthly magazines which focus only on Ryukyu dance.
	www.okinawatimes.co.jp /eng/19981121.html (1755 words)

	ShenZhou Forums -> S-h-e Embroiled In Anti-japan Spat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This was footage taken during the yearend concert, where S-H-E, Taiwan’s teen sensation, had performed with their dance and songs.
		That's too bad...their songs are pretty catchy...but if they are pro-Japanese TI'ers, then oh well, pop bands are a commodity, easily replaced by new faces and same sounding songs...
		Zhou Jielun will have to take sides eventually, people will pick his side and he will have to either confirm or deny...too bad but that's what all public pesonalities must go through as a price for their fame.
	www.theasf.net /forums/index.php?showtopic=6415 (1323 words)

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