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Topic: S type asteroid

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	Asteroid - MSN Encarta
		Asteroids are not thought to have enough mass to settle into rounded shapes in the same way as planets.
		Three-quarters of the asteroids visible from Earth belong to the C type, which appear to be related to a class of rare stony meteorites known as carbonaceous chondrites.
		Asteroids of the S type, related to the stony iron meteorites, make up about 15 percent of the total population of asteroids that can be seen from Earth.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551567/Asteroid.html (1524 words)

	Asteroid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Asteroid, minor planet, and planetoid are synomyms, and are used to indicate a diverse group of small celestial bodies that drift in the solar system in orbit around the Sun.
		Asteroids are commonly classified into groups based on the characteristics of their orbits and on the details of the spectrum of sunlight they reflect.
		Stories of asteroid mining became more and more numerous since the late 1940s, with the next logical step being depictions of a society on terraformed asteroids —in some cases dug under the surface, in others having dome colonies and in still others provided with an atmosphere which is kept in place by an artificial gravity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asteroid (3684 words)

	Asteroid Introduction
		Sixteen asteroids have a diameter of 240 km or greater.
		Asteroids that are on a collision course with Earth are called meteoroids.
		Then on October 1991 asteroid 951 Gaspra was visited by the Galileo spacecraft and became the first asteroid to have hi-resolution images taken of it.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/asteroid.htm (543 words)

	asteroid
		Most asteroids move in orbits that are somewhat more inclined and eccentric than those of the major planets (with the exception of Pluto) – the orbit of an average main-belt asteroid being inclined at about 10° to the plane of the ecliptic with an eccentricity of about 0.15.
		Following its discovery, an asteroid is given a preliminary designation that consists of the year of discovery, an upper case letter to indicate the half-month in that year (A=Jan 1-15, B=Jan 16-31,..., Y=Dec 16-31, the letter “I” being omitted), and a second upper case letter in sequence.
		The distribution of the various classes throughout the asteroid belt is highly structured, suggesting that many asteroids formed at or near their present distances from the Sun and are representative of the composition of the solar nebula (not including hydrogen and helium) at these locations.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/asteroid.html (1801 words)

	Asteroid Facts - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society
		C-type asteroids are most commonly found in the outer regions of the main asteroid belt.
		Asteroids that orbit near this distance are of particular interest to Earthlings.
		Many main belt asteroids may in fact contain a lot of ice, especially in the outer part of the belt; the line separating asteroids and comets is growing increasingly fuzzy.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/asteroids_and_comets/facts.html (1207 words)

	asteroid. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The near-earth asteroids, which closely approach the earth, are classed as Atens (with orbits between the earth and the sun), Apollos (with orbits similar to that of the earth), and Amors (with orbits between the earth and Mars).
		Asteroids are also classified by composition and albedo, most being one of three types.
		Asteroids have been implicated in several mass extinctions of large numbers of animal and plant species in the past.
	www.bartleby.com /65/as/asteroid.html (1060 words)

	Astronomy 263/264
		Asteroids are thought to be left over material from the formation of the solar system nearly 4.6 billion years ago.
		Asteroids that have orbits within 1.3 AU from the sun are known as Earth approaching or near-Earth asteroids (NEAs).
		These asteroids are probably fragments of once larger asteroids that were jarred loose from the main belt due to a combination of collisions and the gravitational influence of Jupiter.
	www.physics.purdue.edu /astr263l/SStour/asteroids/asteroids.html (528 words)

	[No title]
		Asteroids (from the NEAR press kit) Asteroids are metallic, rocky bodies without atmospheres that orbit the Sun but are too small to be classified as planets.
		Asteroids are thought to be primordial material prevented by Jupiter's strong gravity from accreting into a planet-sized body when the solar system was born 4.6 billion years ago.
		Asteroids are classified into different types according to their albedo, composition derived from spectral features in their reflected sunlight, and inferred similarities to known meteorite types.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/text/asteroids.txt (906 words)

	C-type asteroid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They are the most common variety forming around 75% of known asteroids, and an even higher percentage in the outer part of the belt beyond 2.7 AU, which is dominated by this asteroid type.
		This type of asteroid has very similar spectra to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites (types CI and CM), whose chemical composition is approximately the same as the Sun and the primitive solar nebula, except that they do not contain hydrogen, helium and other volatiles.
		Cg and Cgh types corresponding to the Tholen G-type
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/C-type_asteroid (343 words)

	V-type asteroid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spectra of the V-type asteroids or Vestoids are similar to that of 4 Vesta, by far the largest asteroid in this class (hence the name).
		The visible wavelength spectrum of the V-type asteroids (including 4 Vesta itself) is similar to the spectra of basaltic achondrite HED meteorites.
		The vast majority of V-type asteroids are members of the Vesta family along with Vesta itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/V-type_asteroid (469 words)

	Asteroid
		Most asteroids are believed to be remnants of the protoplanetary disc which were not incorporated into planets during the system's formation due to excessive gravitational perturbations by Jupiter.
		The vast majority of the asteroids are within the main asteroid belt, with elliptical orbits between those of Mars and Jupiter.
		As of November 16, 2005, from a total of 305,224 minor planets with calculated orbits, 120,437 asteroids had been calculated well enough to be given official numbers and 12,712 of these had been officially given trivial names to go along with the numbers (at least 610 of which have names requiring diacritics).
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/astronomy/asteroid.html (3590 words)

	Definition of index.php?search=type&limit=20&offset=40
		1: '''G-type asteroid''' is a subdivision of [[C-type asteroid]]s distinguished spectrally by differenc...
		1: '''B-type asteroid''' is a subdivision of [[C-type asteroid]]s distinguished spectrally by differenc...
		1: '''F-type asteroid''' is a subdivision of [[C-type asteroid]]s distinguished spectrally by differenc...
	www.wordiq.com /knowledge/index.php?search=type&limit=20&offset=40 (654 words)

	Asteroids
		Asteroid 1997 XF11 was discovered Dec. 6 by the University of Arizona Spacewatch program and was added to a list of 108 asteroids considered to be "potentially hazardous objects."...
		The notice said the asteroid, which is on a wide-swinging, independent orbit of the sun, will move out of view to all but the largest telescopes over the next few months.
		Though it is an S type asteroid, it is somewhat varied in its chemical composition.
	www.valdostamuseum.org /hamsmith/Asteroids.html (1769 words)

	Asteroid at AllExperts
		It is thought that asteroids are remnants of the protoplanetary disc, and in this region the incorporation of protoplanetary remnants into the planets was prevented by large gravitational perturbations induced by Jupiter during the formative period of the solar system.
		Stories of asteroid mining became more and more numerous since the late 1940s, with the next logical step being depictions of a society on terraformed asteroids —in some cases dug under the surface, in others having dome colonies and in still others provided with an atmosphere which is kept in place by an artificial gravity.
		And since (in nearly all stories) the asteroids are completely lifeless until the arrival of the humans, it is a New Frontier completely free of the moral taint of the brutal dispossession of the Native Americans in the original.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/as/asteroid.htm (3593 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		ASTEROID, one of the many small or minor planets that are members of the solar system and that move in elliptical orbits primarily between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
		By the late 1980s, about 75 asteroids, the Amor asteroids, were known to intersect the orbit of Mars, about 50 Apollo asteroids to intersect the orbit of the earth, and less than 10 Aten asteroids to have orbits smaller than the earth’s orbit.
		Three-quarters of the asteroids visible from earth, including Ceres, belong to the C type, which appear to be related to a class of stony meteorites known as carbonaceous chondrites.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/space/asteroid.html (733 words)

	Shape of Asteroid 433 Eros
		Asteroid 433 Eros is the second largest member of the near-Earth population and also one of the most elongated.
		As vertices are perturbed on one side of the asteroid to improve the spectral fit near one rotation phase, there must be associated perturbations elsewhere to maintain principal axis rotation about the origin in a manner that does not compromise the goodness of fit at other rotation phases.
		Radar observations of asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta.
	echo.jpl.nasa.gov /asteroids/433_Eros/eros.html (5035 words)

	Asteroid dealt dinosaurs death blow - dinosaurs - 16 November 2006 - New Scientist
		It is tempting to explain the increase by implicating a supernova, but judging by the amount of iridium present in the clay, this explosion would have had to occur only a tenth of a light year away, and that would have extinguished most life.
		Asteroidal impact would throw up a large volume of pulverised rock from the Earth’s surface in a gigantic 100 million megaton explosion, 20 per cent of which would stay, as a thick layer of dust, in the stratosphere for about 3 to 5 years.
		Alvarez further suggests that statistically the Earth would be hit by an asteroid every 100 million years, and that fact conveniently fits roughly with the interval between major extinctions.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/life/dinosaurs/dn10550-asteroid-dealt-dinosaurs-death-blow.html (735 words)

	Asteroid mining Summary
		433 Eros is a stony asteroid in a near-Earth orbit
		Docking with an asteroid can be performed using a harpoon-like process, where a projectile penetrates the surface to serve as an anchor then an attached cable is used to winch the vehicle to the surface, if the asteroid is rigid enough for a harpoon to be effective.
		Asteroids with a high metal content may be covered in loose grains that can be gathered by means of a magnet.
	www.bookrags.com /Asteroid_mining (2198 words)

	Asteroids
		Galileo flybys of asteroids Gaspra and Ida (and Ida satellite Dactyl).
		Asteroids are classified into a number of types according to their spectra (and hence their chemical composition) and albedo:
		Between the main concentrations of asteroids in the Main Belt are relatively empty regions known as the Kirkwood gaps.
	www.seds.org /nineplanets/nineplanets/asteroids.html (1354 words)

	COMETS, METEORS, AND ASTEROIDS
		Asteroid Mathilde, left, is the third and the largest asteroid ever to be viewed at close range.
		Asteroids Gaspra and Ida, center and right, photographed by the Galileo orbiter in 1991 and 1993, respectively, are smaller and more oblong-shaped than Mathilde.
		Three-quarters of the asteroids visible from Earth, including 1 Ceres, belong to the C type, which appear to be related to a class of stony meteorites known as carbonaceous chondrites.
	www.geocities.com /beyondearth2001/asteroid.htm (1708 words)

	25143 (1998 SF36)
		However, the asteroid's 12.15-hour spin period is so close to being commensurate with 24 h that observations just at Arecibo, where the view period is always less than three hours on any given day, cannot ensure the thorough rotation-phase coverage needed to construct an accurate physical model of the entire object.
		The population of near-Earth asteroids at least as large as 1998 SF36 probably is at least 5000.
		Hicks, P. Weissman, A. Chamberlin, and S. Lowry, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, write: "We have obtained low-resolution CCD spectroscopy of 1998 SF_36 from 0.35 to 1.0 microns, using the Palomar 5-m Hale reflector on Mar. 17.43 UT. The object exhibits a spectrum dominated by olivine.
	www.geocities.com /zlipanov/selected_asteroids/1998sf36/1998sf36.html (292 words)

	Asteroids
		Asteroids, sometimes called "minor planets," are composed of rock, metal, or both.
		The main asteroid belt is defined as reaching from 2.2 to 3.3 AU (1 AU is the average distance of the Earth from the Sun).
		Since some asteroids were melted, others merely heated, and others left cold, this implies that the distribution of radioactive elements was not uniform in the primeval solar system nebula.
	www.pibburns.com /catastro/asteroid.htm (1656 words)

	PSR Discoveries:Hot Idea: Asteroids' low densities
		In one case they calculated that if an asteroid were broken apart and then reassembled, the resulting rubble pile would have a porosity of 20 to 40%, hence a density 20 to 40% lower than it had to begin with.
		An asteroid made of pure iron-nickel metal, for example, would have a density of about 7.9 grams per cubic centimeter, so if we found an asteroid with such a high density we could conclude it was made of metallic iron.
		Astronomers measuring the reflected light have classified 253 Mathilde as a C type asteroid, thought to be similar to carbonaceous chondrites.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Aug99/asteroidDensity.html (2136 words)

	Asteroid Gaspra
		Gaspra was just another small asteroid that was given very little attention until it was discovered that the trajectory of the Galileo spacecraft would take it close to Gaspra.
		These two color views of the asteroid Gaspra were produced by combining three images taken through violet, green, and infrared filters by the Galileo spacecraft on October 29, 1991, from a distance of about 16,000 kilometers (10,000 miles).
		In the version on the right, the colors were enhanced to bring out the muted color variations on the asteroid and to increase the ability to discriminate between surface features.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/gaspra.htm (721 words)

	Scientific American: NEAR-ing Mathilde
		Asteroids intrigue scientists because they are leftovers from the formation of the solar system some 4.6 billion years ago.
		Scientists estimate that the total mass of all asteroids is equivalent to a solid body approximately 1,500 kilometers (roughly 900 miles) across--less than half the diameter of the moon.
		C-type asteroids are thought to contain some of the most primitive (that is, unchanged from its initial state) material in the inner solar system.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000944D0-BE16-1CF3-93F6809EC5880000 (931 words)

	Asteroids - Crystalinks
		The vast majority of the asteroids are within the main asteroid belt, with elliptical orbits between those of Mars and Jupiter.
		Notable asteroid hunters of this early era were J. Hind, Annibale de Gasparis, Robert Luther, H. Goldschmidt, Jean Chacornac, James Ferguson, Norman Robert Pogson, E. Tempel, J. Watson, C. Peters, A. Borrelly, J. Palisa, Paul Henry and Prosper Henry and Auguste Charlois.
		Hundreds of thousands of asteroids have been discovered within the solar system and the present rate of discovery is about 5000 per month.
	www.crystalinks.com /asteroids.html (2144 words)

	Iowa Robotic Telescope Facilities
		Asteroids are relatively small chunks of rock orbiting the sun mostly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
		For an asteroid near opposition in a prograde orbit, the observed angular motion as viewed from the Earth is the
		Calculate the expected apparent magnitude at opposition V. Compare with your measured V. Use your estimate of the asteroid type and the discussion in the introduction to estimate the albedo.
	phobos.physics.uiowa.edu /curriculum/asteroids1.html (1237 words)

	Asteroid Background
		Apollo asteroids- cut across the orbit of the Earth and are probably to blame for the asteroid craters on earth.
		Asteroids are miniature or “minor planets” in our Solar System that consist of rocky and metallic matter (Hamilton, “Asteroid Introduction”) They orbit the Sun, just like Earth, but are too small to be considered planets.
		Asteroids are in a way like space junk, material left over from the formation of the solar system.
	www.users.muohio.edu /hardocgh/members.htm (569 words)

	Terraformers Society of Canada - Exploration of Asteroids
		It has been suggested that asteroids might be used in the future as a source of materials which may be rare or exhausted on earth (asteroid mining).
		In November 2005, it successfully landed on the asteroid to collect samples, and after technical difficulties with the spacecraft, it is slated to return those samples to Earth by June 2010.
		Ceres is a dwarf planet whose mass encompasses about one-fourth of the total mass of the asteroids in the asteroid belt and whose spectral characteristics suggest a composition like (but not exactly) a water-rich carbonaceous chondrite.
	society.terraformers.ca /content/view/47/65 (1908 words)

	SIGHTINGS
		Asteroid 433 Eros is slightly smaller than predicted, with at least two medium-sized craters, a long surface ridge, and a density comparable to the Earth's crust, according to measurements from NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft.
		During the flyby, 222 photos and supporting spectral observations were taken from as close as 2,375 miles (3,830 kilometers) from the asteroid by the spacecraft's multispectral imager, infrared spectrometer, and radio science experiment.
		The asteroid's density is approximately 1.55 ounces per cubic inch (2.7 grams per cubic centimeter), close to the average density of Earth's crust.
	www.rense.com /ufo2/nearseros2.htm (714 words)

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