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	News About Ballistic Missile Defense
		Northrop Grumman Delivers SBIRS GEO-1 Payload To Lockheed Martin
		Lockheed Martin reports that the payload for the first Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS) geosynchronous orbit (GEO) spacecraft has successfully completed thermal vacuum testing, a key milestone in preparation for launch of this first-of-its-kind satellite.
		SBIRS will provide early warning of ballistic missile launches and support other missions simultaneously, including missile defense, techni...
	www.spacewar.com /missiledefense.html (1221 words)

	friendly printed version:A Contender for SBIRS High
		SBIRS High, the planned replacement for the 1970s-vintage Defense Support Program satellites that scan the Earth for signs of missile launches, is supposed to be composed of six satellites.
		The idea was that SBIRS High would enhance U.S. capabilities for early warning of missile launch activity and thus also strengthen the country’s fledgling missile defense system.
		So we have SBIRS High, which could cost nearly $10.6 billion (when you add the $4.7 billion figure to what has already been spent), and AIRSS, whose costs are estimated to run $1.9 billion just in its first five years of inception.
	www.cdi.org /friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=3370 (850 words)

	Space-Based Infrared System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SBIRS is an integrated "system of systems" that will include satellites in geosynchronous orbit (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO), sensors hosted on satellites in highly elliptical orbit (HEO) and ground data processing and control.
		SBIRS is to use more sophisticated infrared technologies than the DSP to enhance the detection of strategic and theater ballistic missile launches and the performance of the missile-tracking function.
		The prime contractor for SBIRS is Lockheed Martin, with Northrop Grumman as the major subcrontractor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SBIRS (912 words)

	MissileThreat :: Space-Based Infrared System-High (SBIRS-High)
		SBIRS is intended as a constellation of high-orbiting infrared satellites designed to detect and track ballistic missiles of all sizes.
		SBIRS will be a high-orbiting constellation of satellites designed to detect and track ballistic missiles all over the globe.
		The SBIRS program is said to be 60% faster and twice as accurate as the existing Defense Support Program satellites, of which there are 22, currently in operation, and will serve a broader number of purposes.
	www.missilethreat.com /systems/sbirs_high_usa.html (1640 words)

	SPACE-BASED INFRARED SYSTEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		SBIRS is an integrated “system of systems” with multiple space constellations and an evolving ground element.
		This portion of the SBIRS program is currently in its final stages of development and test and is expected to reach initial operations capability (IOC) by late 2001.
		SBIRS High features a mix of four geosynchronous earth orbit satellites, two highly elliptical earth orbit payloads, and associated ground hardware and software.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/afspc-fs/sbirs.htm (564 words)

	Defense Acquisitions: Space-Based Infrared System-low at Risk of Missing Initial Deployment Date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		SBIRS is to use more sophisticated infrared technologies than the Defense Support Program to enhance the detection of strategic and theater ballistic missile launches and the performance of the missile- tracking function.
		SBIRS- high is to consist of four satellites operating in geosynchronous earth orbit 3 and sensors on two host satellites operating in a highly elliptical orbit.
		The primary purpose of SBIRS- low is to support both national and theater missile defense by tracking ballistic missiles and discriminating between the warheads and other objects, such as decoys, that separate from the missile bodies throughout the middle portion of their flights.
	www.washingtonwatchdog.org /documents/gao/01/GAO-01-6.html (7196 words)

	[FPSPACE] SBIRS-High in more trouble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The SBIRS High program currently consists of two missile warning sensors to be hosted by classified satellites in highly elliptical orbits, four dedicated satellites in geosynchronous orbits, and a spare spacecraft.
		The SBIRS High program cost, which already has quadrupled to $8 billion, is expected to rise further, but not enough to trigger a congressionally mandated review that could lead to its termination, Arnold said.
		SBIRS High was subjected to a Nunn-McCurdy review in 2002, but the Pentagon opted to continue with it because of its importance to national security.
	www.friends-partners.org /pipermail/fpspace/2004-April/012413.html (355 words)

	Spectrum Astro Team completes SBIRS Low SDR - 8/5/01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		SBIRS Low is planned as a constellation of satellites in low Earth orbit.
		SBIRS Low also provides critical data, supporting a variety of missions including missile warning, missile defense, battlespace characterisation and technical intelligence.
		SBIRS is intended to be an integrated "system of systems" that includes multiple space constellations and ground elements.
	www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org /caab/articles/sbirslow.htm (335 words)

	U.S. Air Force May Need Additional SBIRS High Infrared Sensors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The SBIRS High elliptical-orbit sensors are slated for delivery in late 2003 and mid-2004, respectively.
		Meanwhile, the Air Force is preparing a report to Congress on plans for controlling additional SBIRS High cost growth stemming from a late 2002 decision to stretch out the deployment of the geostationary-orbit component of the constellation, Borkowski said.
		Myles Crandall, vice president and program director for SBIRS High at Lockheed Martin Space and Strategic Missiles, Sunnyvale, Calif., the prime contractor for the program, said the possible production halt is of particular concern due to the lower volume of satellite work in the industry compared to the 1980s.
	www.space.com /spacenews/archive03/sbirsarch_111803.html (812 words)

	LOCKHEED MARTIN DELIVERS SECOND CRITICAL PAYLOAD FOR NATION'S SPACE-BASED MISSILE WARNING SYSTEM
		SBIRS will augment missile defense by providing the earliest possible warning of ballistic and theatre missile attacks and accurate information to effectively cue other ballistic missile defense system elements to support intercept and negation of the threat.
		The team is progressing on the first of the SBIRS High geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellites and is on track to begin final integration and test of the first GEO satellite later this year in preparation for launch in fiscal year 2008.
		SBIRS High already is providing the nation enhanced worldwide missile detection and tracking capabilities, battlefield data, and technical intelligence through its consolidated ground segment operations at Air Force Space Command, Buckley Air Force Base, Colo.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1494738/posts (658 words)

	SBIRS-High Major Risk-Reduction Test Completed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		An important and highly complex feature of the SBIRS High GEO satellites is the Pointing and Control Assembly (PCA), which allows the satellite’s two optical systems to be positioned to scan and stare at designated areas, enabling operators to modify areas of surveillance according to national priorities.
		The heart of the SBIRS GEO satellite is the ability to use one optical system to rapidly and repeatedly scan an area of interest for infrared activity while not interfering with the second optical system’s ability to simultaneously stare at another area.
		SBIRS will support missile defense by providing the earliest possible warning of ballistic and theatre missile attacks and accurate information to effectively cue other ballistic missile defense system elements to support intercept and negation of the threat.
	www.deagel.com /news2/?p=ns000132dp (381 words)

	Space Based Infrared System
		The SBIR Capstone Requirements Document (CRD), dated 16 December 1994, was validated by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) on 12 January 1995.
		The SBIRS Technical Requirements Document (TRD) (20 January 1995 version) was approved for release in Draft form on 24 January 1995, and the Final TRD was released with the SBIRS Request For Proposal (RFP).
		The SBIRS Program claimed that government selection of a solution was not warranted since it was the responsibility of the contractors to complete the cost/performance trades and propose the most affordable way to meet the requirements.
	www.fas.org /spp/military/program/warning/sbir.htm (1466 words)

	[FPSPACE] A gigabuck here, a gigabuck there... (SBIRS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		SBIRS' first major cost overrun occurred in December 2001, not long after he assumed his duties as undersecretary of the Air Force.
		SBIRS High will replace the Defense Support Program satellites, and it will consist of two payloads hosted on classified satellites in highly elliptical orbit (HEO) and five geosynchronous satellites (including one spare).
		Teets acknowledged during that hearing that cost problems on SBIRS High and the Future Imagery Architecture (FIA), a National Reconnaissance Office-led constellation also struggling with overruns, are not over.
	www.friends-partners.org /pipermail/fpspace/2005-March/015210.html (777 words)

	AF prepares global missile detection system for launch
		SBIRS High, the first to be developed, is scheduled to begin satellite launch in 2002, Air Force officials said.
		The primary focus for SBIRS High is to detect suborbital ICBM missiles and provide an additional detection capability for short-range theater-based missiles.
		SBIRS Low satellites will track missiles from launch to re-entry, then hand off trajectory tracking data to the upcoming LEO as it passes over the horizon.
	www.gcn.com /print/vol20_no12/4295-1.html (775 words)

	Space-Based Infrared System
		SBIRS is a program in which we have worked to balance requirements with affordability.
		The SBIRS mission is to develop, deploy, and sustain space-based surveillance systems for missile warning, missile defense, battlespace characterization, and technical intelligence.
		SBIRS is intended to be an integrated “system of systems” including multiple space constellations and an evolving ground element.
	www.sbirslowteam.com (214 words)

	SBIRS-High
		On Oct. 3, 1996, the SBIRS High program received approval from the Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, Dr Paul Kaminski.
		The SBIRS High Component element, featuring a mix of Geosynchronus Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, Highly Elliptical Earth Orbit (HEO) satellites, and a new consolidated Ground Processing station, will incrementally replace the existing DSP infrastructure over the FY99 - FY03 time frame.
		The EMD contract for SBIRS High was awarded to Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space as the prime contractor on 8 Nov 96.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/sbirs-high.htm (238 words)

	InitiativeWriteup-new
		SBIRS is a program designed to satisfy user requirements on a cost effective basis by using existing technologies and methods.
		SBIRS will be controlled from the ground through a number of ground assets.
		SBIRS Low satellites will be launched 3 at a time using the Delta II launch vehicle.
	www.wslfweb.org /docs/roadmap/irm/internet/smc/init/html/sbirlowd.htm (929 words)

	SBIRS Low PD SOO
		The timeline for the SBIRS Low for Increment 3 to achieve Full Operational Capability (FOC) is dependent on evolving requirements.
		SBIRS Low for Increment 3 will also improve capabilities for missile warning, technical intelligence, and battlespace characterization to complement the performance of the other SBIRS elements.
		The SBIRS Low for Increment 3 includes provisions to incorporate associated ground elements to provide any unique command, control, data processing, and external interface capability to the entire SBIRS ground segment.
	www.fas.org /spp/military/program/warning/sbirs-l/LOWSOO.htm (659 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| SBIRS High payload successfully passes key test
		Senior leaders from the Air Force's Space Based Infrared Systems (SBIRS) Program Office observed a key test sequence of the Pointing and Control Assembly (PCA) qualification hardware for the SBIRS High payload at the Lockheed Martin Sunnyvale facility.
		SBIRS is the first step in a credible missile defense for America and the PCA test provides the groundwork for victory," Col Mike Booen said.
		The PCA hardware is now being prepared for shipment to the Aerojet Corporation payload test facility in Azusa, California where it will be integrated into the SBIRS sensor for the payload qualification program.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0103/28sbirs (597 words)

	Lockheed Martin :: Lockheed Martin Completes Major Milestone on Terrestrial Component of Space-Based Missile Warning ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This is an important achievement in delivering capability to operate new SBIRS HEO payloads and geosynchronous (GEO) satellites.
		Since 2001, the SBIRS ground segment has been providing the nation with missile detection, battlefield data, and technical intelligence from the consolidated Mission Control Station at Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado.
		SBIRS, with its highly sophisticated scanning and staring sensors, will provide the nation with improved capabilities to detect and accurately characterize emerging missile threats.
	sev.prnewswire.com /aerospace-defense/20060516/DCTU01316052006-1.html (413 words)

	Northrop Grumman - Missile Defense - Program Information - Space Based Infrared System (SBIRS)
		For more than 30 years, Electronic Systems has supplied the sensors for scores of space-based missions, including the Gemini rendezvous radar, the cloud imager for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, the infrared sensor for the Defense Support Program and the multispectral/hyperspectral cameras for the Orb View-3 and Orb View-4 commercial remote sensing program.
		SBIRS High is a series of high Earth orbiting satellites whose sensitive infrared sensors can detect the launch of strategic and theater ballistic missiles from space and pass the time and location of launch to battlefield commanders.
		SBIRS High works in conjunction with the Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS), a constellation of missile tracking satellites capable of performing missile defense, missile tracking, technical intelligence and battlespace characterization.The company's Space Technology sector is leading the STSS industry team.
	www.northropgrumman.com /missiledefense/ProgramInfo/SBIRS.html (243 words)

	Security&Terrorism: BMD Watch: SBIRS Software Completed - The Post Chronicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The company said the software was important for delivering capability to operate new SBIRS HEO payloads and geosynchronous, or GEO, satellites.
		SBIRS is designed to provide early warning of missile launches, and support other missions simultaneously, including missile defense, technical intelligence and battlespace characterization.
		HEO Payload data processing will afford greater access to time-sensitive infrared data and is an important step on our path to deliver capabilities for surveillance, intelligence, and reconnaissance missions," said John Mengucci, vice president and general manager of Lockheed Martin's Department of Defense Systems.
	www.postchronicle.com /news/security/article_21218935.shtml (1048 words)

	Northrop Grumman Completes First Hardware and Software Integration of Payload for New Missile Warning Satellite
		The scanning sensor is designed for continuous observation and surveillance of traditional intercontinental ballistic missile threats, while the staring sensor is designed to detect very low signature, short-burn-duration theatre missiles.
		Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Sunnyvale, Calif., is developing the SBIRS program under contract to the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Los Angeles Air Force Base, Calif. Air Force Space Command is responsible for operation of the SBIRS system.
		The team has delivered both HEO payloads and is on track to begin final integration and test later this year in preparation for launch aboard an Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle in fiscal year 2008.
	www.irconnect.com /noc/press/pages/news_releases.mhtml?d=87127 (580 words)

	Risk-reduction test of SBIRS high satellite is complete
		A significant feature of the SBIRS High GEO satellites is the pointing and control assembly (PCA) that enables the satellite's two optical systems to be positioned to scan and stare at designated areas, so that operators can modify areas of surveillance according to national priorities.
		The successful test was conducted at Lockheed Martin's facilities in Sunnyvale, Calif. It demonstrated that other sources of movement, such as reaction wheels, solar arrays and various deployable and steerable mechanisms would not hinder the multiple missions of the infrared payload.
		The team of Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Sunnyvale, Calif., the SBIRS High prime contractor, and Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, Azusa, Calif., the payload provider, has completed both HEO payloads and is on track to begin final integration and test of the first GEO satellite later this year in preparation for launch in fiscal year 2008.
	rfdesign.com /news/defense/test_sbirs_satellite/index.html (356 words)

	InitiativeWriteup-new
		SBIRS will be controlled from the ground through a number of viable ground assets.
		The second element, commonly known as SBIRS Low, is designated as a Major Defense Acquisition Program but is being developed as an integral part of the overall SBIRS system of systems development concept.
		The SBIRS GEO satellites are designed to be placed in orbit by either medium-lift EELV or the Atlas IIA launch vehicle.
	www.wslfweb.org /docs/roadmap/irm/internet/smc/init/html/sbirsh.htm (744 words)

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