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Topic: SDRAM

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DDR SDRAM

DDR double data rate SDRAM

SDR SDRAM

double data rate SDRAM

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	Definition of SDRAM
		SDRAM is an improvement to standard DRAM because it retrieves data alternately between two sets of memory.
		It is called "Synchronous" DRAM because the memory is synchronized with the clock speed that the computer's CPU bus speed is optimized for.
		SDRAM speed is measured in Megahertz, which makes it easy to compare the processor's bus speed to the speed of the memory.
	www.sharpened.net /glossary/definition.php?sdram (115 words)

	SDRAM - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SDRAM means synchronous dynamic random access memory which is a type of solid state computer memory.
		SDRAM has a synchronous interface, meaning that it waits for a clock signal before responding to its control inputs.
		This delay is called the latency and is an important parameter to be considered when purchasing SDRAM for your computer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SDRAM (274 words)

	Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
		SDRAM is tied to the system clock and is designed to be able to read or write from memory in burst mode (after the initial read or write latency) at 1 clock cycle per access (zero wait states) at memory bus speeds up to 100 MHz or even higher.
		SDRAM accomplishes its faster access using a number of internal performance improvements, including internal interleaving, which allows half the module to begin an access while the other half is finishing one.
		SDRAM doesn't offer that much "real world" additional performance over EDO in many systems, due to the system cache masking much of that differential in speed, and the fact that most systems are running on relatively slow 66 MHz or lower system bus speeds.
	www.pcguide.com /ref/ram/techSDRAM-c.html (1279 words)

	ChannelWeb Encyclopedia
		SDRAM chips eliminate wait states because they are fast enough to be synchronized with the CPU's clock.
		This allows SDRAM to burst subsequent, contiguous characters at a much faster rate than the first character.
		Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR) doubles transfer rates by transferring data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock.
	www.crn.com /encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=SDRAM&x=&y= (386 words)

	FREE VHDL SDR SDRAM controller
		SDRAM is ready to normal operation after initialization time, which is 100 us for Micron 32x2 MB.
		SDRAM controller informs host when initialization is completed by driving nDTACK low for one cycle.
		User interface to sdram controller is very simple and frees user from issuing complicated commands to sdram memory.
	www.geocities.com /mikael262/sdram.html (667 words)

	VisionTek - SDRAM White Paper
		SDRAM simplifies the situation by interleaving two memory arrays into a single device.
		Rambus is not yet being used for broader applications, however it is also one of the major contenders to replace SDRAM as the main system memory during the first years of the new millenium (see section IV).
		SDRAMs are more difficult to design, and the devices operate so quickly that they could produce noise, resulting in system difficulties.
	www.bahzone.net /mirror/Visiontek/sdramwp.html (4438 words)

	Memory, Evolution or Revolution?
		Obviously the engineers were able to refine SDRAM technology and squeeze out better performance, as PC 133 was introduced a short time thereafter along with some SDRAM modules able to repeatedly reach 150 MHz to 200 MHz.
		Early on, this new DDR SDRAM design allowed the activation of output operations on the chip to occur on both the rising and falling edge of the clock cycle.
		The biggest single difference between DDR and SDRAM memory is that DDR reads data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal.
	www.dewassoc.com /performance/memory/intro_4.htm (2181 words)

	RDRAM vs SDRAM
		SDRAM is usually mounted on a small PCB (printed circuit board) that’s called a DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module).
		The number of SDRAM or RDRAM chips in a module differ, depending on the bus width supported by individual RAM chips.
		This means that all memory chips in a module of SDRAM are connected in parallel to the data bus that’s used to read and write data.
	www.pcquest.com /content/technology/10004404.asp (1096 words)

	SDRAM review
		In other words, SDRAM works like standard DRAM, but includes interleaving, synchronization and burst mode, so wait states are virtually eliminated (SDRAM DIMMs also contain two cell banks which are automatically interleaved).
		The peak bandwidth of 133 SDRAM is about 33% higher than that of 100.
		However, with a CPU running at 4 or 5 times the memory speed, even SDRAM is finding it hard to keep up, although DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM doubles the memory speed by using the rising and falling edges of the clock pulse, and has less latency than RAMBUS, giving it a slight edge.
	hardwarehell.com /articles/sdram.htm (259 words)

	SAMSUNG's Digital World - Semiconductor \| Sync/Async DRAM
		Therefore, synchronous DRAM is regarded as the core component that is advantageous for high speed processing of large volume data.
		SDRAM was developed immediately after EDO generation products.
		SDRAM has been used for PC, server and network, and now its usage is expanding to various consumer electronics such as printer, DSC, HDD and STB.
	www.samsung.com /Products/Semiconductor/Sync_Asyncdram/index.htm (139 words)

	SDRAM FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Double data rate SDRAM transfers data on both rising and falling edges of an applied square wave shaped clock signal.
		These modules are typically used in Servers due to their added reliability (they place much less of an electrical load on the memory controller and therefore make it possible to have as many as 16 or 32 modules in a large system).
		CAS latency refers to the number of clock cycles between the application of the SDRAM's column address and the appearance of the data at the output of the module.
	www.corsairmicro.com /main/tsdramfaq.html (719 words)

	SDRAM
		Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) is a new technology that runs at the same clock speed as the microprocessor.
		Because the price of SDRAM has come down it might be worth looking at if you are going for performance and have the SDRAM socket on your board.
		I have noticed in the new computer ads that a number of vendors are starting to use SDRAM as a standard, including the Dell Dimension computers, which come with 32 megs of SDRAM.
	home.att.net /~bdrm/Hardware/c.htm (290 words)

	Off-Chip Memory PLL Tuning Design Example (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		This example design tests the SDRAM memory device on the target board and calculates the recommended shift for the SDRAM clock (relative to the SDRAM controller clock) by scanning through the SDRAM clock period.
		megafunction, shift the SDRAM clock output of the PLL, test the SDRAM memory, and calculate the boundaries and center of the SDRAM valid signal window. Direct memory access (DMA) is used for testing the SDRAM memory because it provides a more rigorous test, including back-to-back transactions.
		The boundaries and the middle of the valid SDRAM signal window are calculated and reported to you via the JTAG UART.
	www.altera.com /support/examples/nios2/exm-sdram-pll-tuning.html (432 words)

	My-ESM - Rambus slashes royalty rate for SDRAM customer
		The Samsung SDRAM licensing agreement with Rambus allows the firm to stop making royalty payments if any major competitor is found by a responsible court not to have infringed the patent.
		Eulua of Rambus confirmed that the firm has had discussions with its other SDRAM and DDR licensees in the wake of losing its patent infringement suit against Infineon Technologies this spring in the Richmond, Va., federal district court.
		An Italian appellate court is expected to rule in another several weeks on Rambus request for a preliminary injunction against Micron SDRAM and DDR shipments in that country, after a lower court rejected the plea.
	www.my-esm.com /story/OEG20010713S0051 (787 words)

	SDRAM Computer Upgrades and Information
		SDRAM is built in many different ways and may not always look exactly like the photo above.
		This means the IC chips (the fl rectangles) may be a different size or shape or arranged differently.
		SDRAM actually synchronizes itself with the CPU's bus.
	www.4allmemory.com /info/sdram.htm (280 words)

	SAMSUNG's Digital World - Semiconductor \| DDR3 SDRAM
		DDR3 SDRAM is ready to be released to easily meet the needs of these types of applications.
		DDR3 SDRAM uses 1.5V, reducing module power consumption by up to 30% compared to DDR2 at the same speed.
		Expect in to arrive in the mid 2007 and become widely adopted in 2008.
	www.samsung.com /Products/Semiconductor/DDR3SDRAM/index.htm (298 words)

	Xcell Journal Online -- DDR SDRAM controller article
		DDR SDRAM is very similar to single data rate SDRAM, except that data is clocked into or out of the device on both the rising and falling edges of the clock.
		The DDR SDRAM specification requires that the clock and inverted clock received from the controller cross within a very tight window, as shown in Figure 1.
		DDR SDRAM corner cases can be difficult to control because they are independent of the design’s intent.
	www.xilinx.com /publications/xcellonline/xcell_47/xc_ddr47.htm (1118 words)

	Tech ARP - SDRAM Bank Interleave
		Double-banked SDRAM modules generally use 16Mbit SDRAM chips and are usually 32MB or smaller in size.
		All SDRAM modules of at least 64MB in size are quad-banked in nature.
		This is because early 16Mbit SDRAM modules have stability problems with bank interleaving.
	www.techarp.com /showFreeBOG.aspx?Lang=0&bogno=169 (450 words)

	Identify Your SDRAM by the Numbers on the Chips at MROB
		Identify Your SDRAM by the Numbers on the Chips at MROB
		This is for identifying the speed of your memory modules (often called SIMMs), which is important if you're trying to figure out what speed memory you need when doing an upgrade.
		Also, if your computer doesn't work when you change the memory, remember there might be something broken on the motherboard or (more likely) the new memory.
	home.earthlink.net /~mrob/pub/sdram.html (756 words)

	Intel rolls out SDRAM chip set (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		But although Intel's choice of SDRAM makes Pentium 4 PCs cheaper to build, prices continue to range widely depending on features offered by competing manufacturers.
		SDRAM, also known as PC133 memory, is widely considered to be slow and outdated compared to the newer DDR-SDRAM technology.
		Until then experts say customers buying Pentium 4 PCs with the SDRAM chip set will be buying a thoroughbred strapped to a plow horse.
	www.infoworld.com /articles/hn/xml/01/08/28/010828hnsdram.html (897 words)

	Real World Technologies - DDR SDRAM - A First Glance
		Like most of you, I’ve been waiting to see what DDR SDRAM really has to offer over PC133 SDRAM, and also to see if there will be differences in performance between chipsets.
		Basically it’s SDRAM memory that has the ability to perform two operations per cycle, or 'Double Data Rate', instead of just one like standard SDRAM memory.
		Also the VIA Apollo Pro 266 motherboard is a pilot run part, subject to improvements as a production part, and the AMD 761 is one of the first so it also may improve with age.
	www.realworldtech.com /page.cfm?articleid=RWT012101000000 (822 words)

	What is SDRAM? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		SDRAM actually synchronizes itself with the CPU's bus and is capable of running at 133 MHz, about three times faster than conventional FPM RAM, and about twice as fast EDO DRAM and BEDO DRAM.
		SDRAM is replacing EDO DRAM in many newer computers.
		Excellent overview of SDRAM, along with details on RDRAM and VRAM memory and technologies.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/S/SDRAM.html (300 words)

	SDRAM - Glossary - CNET.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Even the fastest standard DRAM and EDO memory cannot keep up with the 66-MHz bus speeds used on many Pentium systems.
		SDRAM incorporates new features that allow it to keep pace with bus speeds as high as 100 MHz.
		It does this primarily by allowing two sets of memory addresses to be opened simultaneously.
	www.cnet.com /Resources/Info/Glossary/Terms/sdram.html (115 words)

	ITworld.com - Memory makers ready to ramp DDR SDRAM
		DDR SDRAM is touted by many memory suppliers as a more cost-efficient alternative to RDRAM (Rambus DRAM), a competing high-speed memory technology developed by Los Altos, California-based Rambus Inc. and backed mainly by processor giant Intel Corp.
		The big question at the one-day conference was when the memory suppliers would be able to reach their stated goal of reaching pricing parity between DDR SDRAM and the SDRAM chips found in most of today's computers.
		One of the most aggressive backers of DDR SDRAM is Micron Technology Inc., and the company is dedicated to closing the pricing gap sooner rather than later, said Jeff Mailloux, director of DRAM marketing at the Boise, Idaho-based company.
	www.itworld.com /Comp/1946/ITW_2-7-01_ddrsdram (621 words)

	Intel Platform Memory Archive - PC SDRAM Specifications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The intent of the document is to clarify and detail specifications so as to create a more robust, cost effective, and compatible solution for DDR memory.
		This specification addendum calls out DDR266 changes to the DDR SDRAM JEDEC specification Rev 1.0 Draft A. The intent of the document is to clarify and detail specifications so as to create a more robust, cost effective, and compatible solution for DDR memory.
		The intent of the document is to clarify and detail specifications for DDR unbuffered DIMMs.
	developer.intel.com /technology/memory/ddr/specs/ddr_specs.htm (286 words)

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