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| | French Social Democracy and the EMU |
 | | The SFIO's major, but meager, source of mobilizational resources was electoral, cobbled together from municipal socialist machines in certain of France's larger urban areas - Lille, Marseilles, parts of Paris and its working class suburbs plus clientelistic power in rural regions, many of which had leaned to the Left since the French Revolution. |
 | | The result was that the SFIO lost credibility as a genuine Left party, even if, for purposes of internal governance, it continued to talk Left. |
 | | The SFIO did end up supporting and participating in the negotiations between Messina (1955) and Rome (1977) which founded the EU. |
| www.arena.uio.no /publications/wp98_19.htm (14555 words) |
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