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Topic: SHRDLU

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	SHRDLU - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SHRDLU [1] was an early natural language understanding computer program, developed by Terry Winograd at MIT from 1968-1970.
		The name SHRDLU was derived from ETAOIN SHRDLU, the arrangement of the alpha keys on a Linotype machine.
		One could ask SHRDLU to "put the green cone on the red block" and then "take the cone off"; "the cone" would be taken to mean the cone one had just talked about.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SHRDLU (643 words)

	Spectrum Shrdlu entertains with music and humor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shrdlu Ashe, who will perform during A New England New Year, holds a kaen, an instrument from Thailand that is similar to the harmonica.
		Shrdlu's wife is a graduate of the Rudolf Steiner Waldorf School in New York.
		Shrdlu started out playing fiddle and harmonica on the street as an adult, although he had a year of piano lessons as a youngster.
	www.spectrum.newmilford.com /121799/shrdlu.htm (1159 words)

	Encyclopedia: ETAOIN SHRDLU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		ETAOIN SHRDLU is the approximate order of frequency of the twelve most commonly used letters in the English language.
		ETAOIN SHRDLU were the first two vertical columns on the left side of the Linotype keyboard, which was arrayed in letter frequency.
		Linotype operators ran a finger down the lines of keys to temporarily mark a slug of type, or to indicate that they had made an error and the rest of the line in which they appear should be removed.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/ETAOIN-SHRDLU (944 words)

	Fun With Words: Letter Frequencies
		Etaoin Shrdlu is a somewhat infamous phrase among language enthusiasts.
		For example, the letter 'h' is not found in a comparatively large number of English words, but as it appears in several of the most commonly used words, such as "the," "then," "there," and "that," it appears more often in every day speech and writing than it does in a list of dictionary words.
		The "etaoin shrdlu" sequence given above is based on the frequency of letters as they appear in speech and writing.
	rinkworks.com /words/letterfreq.shtml (318 words)

	SHRDLU -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was written in the (Click link for more info and facts about Lisp programming language) Lisp programming language on the (The last (12th) month of the year) DEC (Click link for more info and facts about PDP-6) PDP-6 computer and a DEC graphics (Station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods) terminal.
		The name SHRDLU was derived from (Click link for more info and facts about ETAOIN SHRDLU) ETAOIN SHRDLU, the arrangement of the alpha keys on a (A typesetting machine operated from a keyboard that casts an entire line as a single slug of metal) Linotype machine.
		Continuing efforts in the original SHRDLU stream have tended to focus on providing the program with considerably more information from which it can draw conclusions, leading to efforts like (Click link for more info and facts about Cyc) Cyc.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/SH/SHRDLU5.htm (743 words)

	ETAOIN SHRDLU - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ETAOIN SHRDLU is the approximate order of frequency of the twelve most commonly used letters in the English language, best known as a nonsense phrase that sometimes appeared in print in the days of "hot type" publishing due to a custom of Linotype machine operators.
		Because the letters on Linotype keyboards were arrayed by letter frequency, ETAOIN SHRDLU were the first two vertical columns on the left side of the keyboard.
		In 1942 it was the title of a short story by Fredric Brown about a sentient Linotype machine (a sequel, Son of Etaion Shrdlu: More Adventures in Typer and Space, was written by Sharon Farber, Susanna Jacobsen and James Killus in 1981).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ETAOIN_SHRDLU (470 words)

	SHRDLU
		SHRDLU is a program for understanding natural language, written by Terry Winograd at the M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in 1968-70.
		SHRDLU carried on a simple dialog (via teletype) with a user, about a small world of objects (the BLOCKS world) shown on an early display screen (DEC-340 attached to a PDP-6 computer).
		SHRDLU is described in Winograd's dissertation, which was issued as MIT AI Technical Report 235, February 1971 with the title Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language It was published as a full issue of the journal Cognitive Psychology Vol.
	hci.stanford.edu /~winograd/shrdlu (774 words)

	SHRDLU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The complaint that the topic of SHRDLU's conversation is prosaic or dull is, however, more to the point, and is an oblique way of stating the second general limitation of Winograd's program.
		SHRDLU would deservedly be rejected as a conversational partner were one offered as alternatives.
		Indeed, SHRDLU's cognitive world has already been extended by the incorporation of the program into a system providing weather information, a system within which the temperature of the sea (and the limits thereof) might well be represented.
	www.ee.cooper.edu /courses/course_pages/past_courses/EE459/shrdlu (2700 words)

	Etaoin Shrdlu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shrdlu is the mistake with a name, the eponym of the mistake in the machine.
		Etaoin Shrdlu also appears to have been the pseudonym of a columnist for the Weekly Reader, a small paper directed at grade school children, and popular in the fifties and sixties.
		Etaoin shrdlu was a profanity substitute used in the novel, which was written about '63 or '64 when people still used substitutes.
	www.webservertalk.com /message240399.html (1826 words)

	The Pigskin Rabbi - Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Homer had flown across the ocean to a foreign country in search of a kicker with a name like a Transylvanian curseword, an unknown kid whose background was equally bizarre, having snuck out of Albania and reached Amsterdam by clinging to the underbelly of a freight car for 72 hours.
		Shrdlu, who appeared to be about 23 or 24, smiled his enigmatic smile again.
		Shrdlu was scared, but not for the reason Homer assumed.
	www.lively-arts.com /fiction/pigskin_rabbi_chapter1.htm (1535 words)

	SHRDLU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		SHRDLU is a program that manipulates a virtual "block world," and interfaces with the user in English conversation.
		SHRDLU was written almost 30 years ago, in a now-obsolete language (MACLISP), to run on a now-obsolete system, and as such has been relegated to the texts of Philosophy and Computer Science, where it provides a remarkable example of "intelligence" through the understanding of natural language.
		The effectiveness of our work in porting SHRDLU will be in direct proportion to how well we understand how it's supposed to work, even (and perhaps especially) when it comes down to the minute details we will be working with this semester.
	web.umr.edu /~shrdlu/project_plan.html (922 words)

	language.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		SHRDLU was a computer program written by Terry Winograd in 1972.
		SHRDLU involves a robot operating in a "micro world" consisting of a small number of blocks of different shapes, sizes and colours.
		SHRDLU's processing does not operate on a linear, hierarchical basis, it is a heterarchical system where the various knowledge modules collaborate in producing the syntactic and semantic analysis of the input.
	www.mdx.ac.uk /www/psychology/cog/psy1100/language.htm (1889 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Etaoin Shrdlu
		And there is a science fiction story by Fredric Brown called Etaoin Shrdlu, in which an artificially intelligent Linotype machine is able to understand all the text it sets.
		The complete phrase 'etaoin shrdlu', or each half of it, has come to refer to text that is nonsense or absurd.
		Parsons described the character Gobfrey Shrdlu as the 'malicious spirit with an irrepressible sense of humour who lurks at the elbow of tired journalists and printers with disastrous consequences' - a sort of latter-day Titivillus.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A1051552 (737 words)

	SHRDLU FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		SHRDLU http://hci.stanford.edu/~winograd/shrdlu/name.html was an early natural_language_understanding computer_program, developed by Terry_Winograd at MIT from 1968-1970.
		It was written in the Planner and Lisp_programming_language on the DEC PDP-6 computer and a DEC graphics terminal.
		The name SHRDLU was derived from ETAOIN_SHRDLU, the arrangement of the alpha keys on a Linotype_machine.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /en:SHRDLU (618 words)

	SHRDLU resurrection
		SHRDLU was a 1970 artificial intelligence (AI) tour de force, written in MACLISP for the Incompatible Time Sharing System (ITS).
		SHRDLU is often described as an initially impressive program that only "succeeds" because of the limited blocks world domain it understands.
		SHRDLU is on the order of about only 500 kilobytes of sequentially executing source code, while the human brain contains around 100 billion neurons with about 100 trillion parallel interconnections.
	www.semaphorecorp.com /misc/shrdlu.html (1552 words)

	Review: The Armchair Universe: An Exploration of Computer Worlds. Extracts from SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		SHRDLU is a computer program written by Terry Winograd (1972, 1976) at M.I.T. SHRDLU is much more sophisticated in terms of artificial intelligence than both ELIZA and RACTER.
		SHRDLU can relate to multiple objects of the same type on the table by referring to them in relation to other objects on the table.
		In the following extract SHRDLU knows that there are two green objects on the table and refers to them in the context of their relation to the other objects on the table.
	www.scism.sbu.ac.uk /inmandw/review/nlp/review/rev4987.html (2288 words)

	The Straight Dope: What's the origin of the mysterious phrase "etaoin shrdlu"? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		I need to know the origin of the phrase "etaoin shrdlu." I first encountered it in Walt Kelly's "Pogo" comic strip, where it was the moniker of an irascible bookworm, and it has turned up periodically since.
		He suggests that "etaoin shrdlu" is what they used to test Linotype typesetting machines with.
		Back when newspapers used to be set in "hot" (i.e., cast metal) type, "etaoin shrdlu" would occasionally wind up in print because a careless Linotype operator neglected to throw his test lines away.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a2_262a.html (281 words)

	[No title]
		SHRDLU is head and shoulders above contempoary systems when it comes to intelligent conversation.
		Although its domain of discourse is restricted to a tabletop world of coloured objects SHRDLU really understands this world in terms of the relation between semantics and the physical properties of the blocks and the tabletop.
		Conversational systems such as SHRDLU undoubtedly herald the future the advantages of a computer that is able to discuss problems intelligently with humans rather than passively accepting programs to solve the problems are too obvious to miss.
	users.cs.cf.ac.uk /Dave.Marshall/AI1/COPY/shrdlu.html (3184 words)

	lecture 3
		One reason for being interested in Eliza is that she to some extent defines AI in terms of the things she can't do.
		SHRDLU was written by Terry Winograd in 1977.
		Suppose we said to SHRDLU, "I'll swap you this shiny red car for your dirty blue block." To begin with, SHRDLU would be deaf to the contrast between "shiny" and "dirty".
	www.cit.gu.edu.au /~terryd/subjects/intro.to.ai/lecture3.html (925 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Week 3 notes SHRDLU SHRDLU can: * analyse (undertand?) natural language * database (knowledge?) * reason (Do I own a large block?) * plan * learn (I own all the red blocks) This is the way SHRDLU works: 1.
		This could not be done because of the difficulty in giving SHRDLU commonsense knowledge - things we take for granted.
		The second is a set of semantic programs dealing with meaning (whether of words, word groups, or whole sentences).
	www.cit.gu.edu.au /~gw/qibtai/qibtainotesw3 (176 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Calls to MICROPLANNER in SHRDLU are always done by calling the function THVAL2, contained in the semantics files, rather than the usual call to THVAL.
		It expects to be entered from a toplevel call to PARSE as done in SHRDLU, and executes grammar programs via an intermediary function, APPLY-GRAMMAR, to permit differing opperations in the cases of compiled and intrepreted code.
		This file contains all aspects of their definitions: syntax, semantics, macro-expanders, etc. -- Semantics files -- SMSPEC > "Semantic Specialists" This contains all the functions which know how to interpret the syntactic forms that will be found by the grammar: noun groups, relative clauses, pronouns, etc..
	www-pcd.stanford.edu /winograd/shrdlu/code/files (706 words)

	Media Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		But one of the things one learns in hot type is the "word" SHRDLU, the string of letters created when one swipes his finger down one side of the linotype machine.
		I was attracted to the word SHRDLU, of course, because it's practically my name.
		SHRDLU has since been adopted as the name of a computer program for understanding natural language, written by Terry Winograd at the M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in 1968-70.
	www.uark.edu /~kshurlds/LINK/shrdlu.html (259 words)

	Penn State Libraries : News
		University Park, PA -- The film Farewell, Etaoin Shrdlu will be shown October 8, 2003, 2:00–3:15 p.m., in the Foster Auditorium, 101 Pattee Library.
		With the idea of speeding up the setting of type, the old Linotype keyboards had their letters arranged in decreasing order of the frequency with which they appear in the language, making the first two rows ETAOIN SHRDLU.
		In the daily race to prepare the newspaper for the press, the letters would end up as space holders and were often accidentally printed.
	www.libraries.psu.edu /news/releases/summerfall2003/FarewellEtaoinShrdlu_903.html (245 words)

	Project SHRDLU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Project SHRDLU is an attempt to port the classic AI program SHRDLU from its original implementation language, MacLisp, to Common Lisp.
		To subscribe, send a message to majordomo@acm.cs.umr.edu with the words subscribe shrdlu in the body of the message.
		To unsubscribe, send a message to the same address with the words unsubscribe shrdlu in the body of the message.
	web.umr.edu /~shrdlu (173 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		[T/F] According to SHRDLU's creator, "Language is a process of communication between people, and is inextricably enmeshed in the knowledge that those people have about the world.".
		[T/F] SHRDLU's world was "perceived", in part, by a television camera reording the image, which generated a digital representation of the image in the form of a series of numbers that represent light intensities.
		[T/F] SHRDLU's creator's contribution to natural language research was to make evident that understanding language requires a process in which various types of analysis, both syntactic and semantic, have to occur in an integrated manner.
	www.cs.oswego.edu /~blue/courses/cog166/q3f2000.html (266 words)

	Etaoin Shrdlu
		The design worked well ~ because etaoin shrdlu were the most-used letters in the California Language at the time.
		That resulted in the word "shrdlu." When this routine was repeated sufficiently to fill out the short line, he would "elevate" it over to where the action was, in front of the melting pot.
		And this of course resulted in a lot of "etaoin shrdlu etaoin shrdlu etao" lines showing up in newspapers all over the world ~ confounding the reading public ~ and bringing about the general recognition of "etaoin shrdlu" as an artifact of typesetting in almost every language that was printed from left to right.
	pages.prodigy.net /jabeckpearce/poor_town/tales/etaoinshrdlu.htm (1607 words)

	Erik's Rants and Recipes: Say, sir, do you know Etaoin Shrdlu?
		Some say he was a mistake, but he was certainly an inspirational one.
		Do this experiment: get a few old typesetters together (be sure to check their union cards), get them well oiled with a few rounds of whatever it is they'll be having, and casually mention Etaoin Shrdlu.
		I am sure you will get some good stories, stories of compositors sneaking out the window for a quick drink in the middle of their shift, stories of how the guys who worked around the big pots of molten lead lived longer than any other of the folks in the printing business, etc.
	www.pinkmochi.com /eriksrant/archives/000660.html (208 words)

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