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Topic: SN1987A

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	Supernova 1987a
		Thus, Panagia et al established the distance to SN1987A at 166,912 +/- 10.1 light years as one parsec is 3.26 light years, and one kiloparsec (kpc) is 3260 light years.
		SN1987A is 167,000 light years away and its light has taken 167,000 years to reach us thus effectively refuting claims for a 10,000 year old Universe once and for all.
		We have now established by trigonometric measurement that SN1987A is at a distance of about 167,000 light years and verified the speed of light is not significantly changed since the time and place of SN1987A.
	www.evolutionpages.com /SN1987a.htm (1823 words)

	Supernova 1987a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Because the neutrinos are emitted at the very first instant of the supernova event, the neutrino burst should precede the detection of the increase in optical luminosity, which itself takes place when the resultant shock wave travels outward through the star from the core, at a velocity less than the speed of light.
		The burst of neutrinos from SN1987a was indeed evident in data obtained both with the Kamiokande II detector in Kamioke, Japan and the IMB detector located near Cleveland, Ohio.
		SN1987a thus became the second detected source of cosmic neutrinos, the first being the Sun.
	astrosun.tn.cornell.edu /courses/astro201/sn_1987a.htm (286 words)

	Rethinking last century's closest, brightest supernova
		The proximity of SN1987A, only 168,000 light years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and the availability of pre-existing data provided the first chance for astronomers to posthumously identify the star that exploded.
		The surprise, Smith said, is that analysis of these new objects in our galaxy that resemble SN1987A provide good reasons to suspect that they ejected and shaped their nebulae while they were still blue supergiants, and not in the transition from red to blue as has been proposed for SN1987A.
		According to Smith, the unusual nebula around SN1987A, looking like a figure 8, was originally interpreted to mean that the star had recently been a red supergiant that had shed its outer envelope in an expanding shell, but then turned into a blue supergiant before exploding.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2007-01/uoc--rlc010907.php (1068 words)

	Dick McCray's Research Interests
		To do this, I use computers to model the atomic, molecular, and radiative processes by which gamma rays from newly-synthesized radioactive elements are degraded into the X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, and infrared photons that escape from the debris and are observed at Earth.
		The shock interaction from the impact of the debris of SN1987A with the circumstellar ring is a new and rapidly brightening source of ionizing radiation.
		This radiation will propagate ahead of the shock and will ionize and heat the circumstellar gas, including the inner and outer rings and other gas which was expelled by the supernova progenitor and has remained invisible up to now.
	jilawww.colorado.edu /~dick/research.htm (700 words)

	Alternate View Column AV-23
		If you were in a Jupiter-type orbit a billion kilometers from SN1987A when it exploded and were protected from the other effects of the supernova, you would be killed by the radiation damage from neutrinos streaming through your body.
		One of the outstanding problems in contemporary physics as been the question of whether, like photons, neutrinos truly have zero rest mass or whether their mass is small but non-zero, as has been suggested by a few questionable experiments and by the dark matter problem (see my AV columns, Analog 2/85 and 5/86).
		If this is so, SN1987A should be a prominent feature of the Southern Hemisphere for some time to come, at least until the neutron star loses some of its juvenile spin and the plasma cloud spreads enough to cool down.
	www.npl.washington.edu /AV/altvw23.html (1951 words)

	Gemini Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The similarity of Gemini’s 10-micron image with those taken in X-ray images obtained by the Chandra Observatory, and at radio frequencies from the Australian National Telescope Facility, suggests that the thermal emission is due to the recent heating of pre-existing dust in the equatorial ring by the supernova blast wave.
		The existence of the dust feature also indicates that the theoretical models were developed to explain the energy budget of SN1987A about 1,000 days after the outburst are not valid at this later stage—some 6,067 days post-outburst.
		SN1987A is the closest known supernova to appear in the past 400 years and continues to provide astronomers with an incredibly detailed look at how a high-mass star evolves to its ultimate death.
	www.gemini.edu /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=7&Itemid=2 (829 words)

	Supernova 1987A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1987 a supernova (designated SN1987A by astronomers) was observed in a nearby galaxy called the Large Magellanic Cloud.
		This was the first "nearby" supernova in the last 3 centuries, and for the first time astronomers not only observed the light show, but also detected 19 of the elusive neutrinos (the detectors observed electron anti-neutrinos, to be more precise) produced by the collapse of the star's core.
		It is estimated that for an instant in 1987 on the earth the neutrino luminosity of SN1987A was as large as the visible-light luminosity of the entire universe.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /guidry/violence/sn87a.html (244 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		SN1987A is the only case where the structure of the mass-loss nebula is known prior to its conversion into a supernova remnant.
		The detections of SN1987A in the N band at day 4100 (ISOCAM onboard ESA ISO satellite) and day 4300 (OSCIR at the CTIO 4-m telescope) suggest that dust is still present at this epoch and account for most of the bolometric flux (Bouchet et al., in preparation).
		That is why it is important to continue the monitoring of SN1987A in the mid-IR, and assess the presence of dust at that late stage.
	www.ctio.noao.edu /~bouchet/CV_present.html (2260 words)

	SN1987A (Professor Arlin Crotts at CAL)
		``Using SN1987A Light Echoes to Determine Mass Loss from the Progenitor'' Crotts, A.P.S. and Kunkel, W.E. 1991, Ap.
		``UIT Observations of the Interstellar Light Echoes from SN1987A'' A.P.S. Crotts, R.S. Hill, W.B. Landsman, T.R. Gull, P.M.N. Hintzen, S.P. Maran, A.G. Michalitsianos, T.P. Stecher and R.W. O'Connell 1991, Bulletin A.A.S., 23, 901.
		``The Light Echoes of SN1987A and the Nature of the Progenitor Star'' A.P.S. Crotts, W.E. Kunkel, S.R. Heathcote, and E.L. Blanton 1994, in IAU Colloq.
	www.astro.columbia.edu /~arlin/sn1987a.html (1030 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, High-Energy Astrophysics: American and Soviet Perspectives/Proceedings from the U.S.-U.S.S.R. ...
		SN1987A LMC X-4 _ PSR 540-693 ADO 40 80 140 - 1^ FIGURE 5 The 7°.8 By 3°.4 slices of LMC images in three dilierent energy bands (2-6, 6-15, and 15-Z7 keV) obtained By 1=I instrument during the observations of November 1988 - June 1989.
		The further TIM obsenations of SN1987A were stimulated by the exciting Ginga discovery of the variable continuum of this source in 130 keV band (Dotani ~ al.
		The change in shape of the SN1987A spectrum, according to the HEXE data, in September 1988 undoubtedly shows that any flux at energies lower than 40 keV has an origin unrelated to the radioactive decay of both 56Co and 57Co.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309043344/html/368.html (3834 words)

	EROS2 : Light Echoes from SN1987a
		The echoes appear to expand outward from the center (SN1987a).
		The red color that appears in the bottom right corner is due to a CCD artefact in the Red band.
		The Supernovae SN1987a is the most famoust supernovae known.
	eros.in2p3.fr /EchoesSN1987a (665 words)

	Home
		On February 23, 1987 detectors on Earth recorded a pulse of neutrinos emitted by SN1987A.
		The conference will review what we have learned about supernovas in the past twenty years and what could be learned from a future supernova.
		Scientific topics include: the history of SN1987A, theoretical developments in understanding supernovas and their environments, neutrino properties and what we can learn about them from a supernova, and present and planned neutrino detectors.
	sn1987a-20th.physics.uci.edu (140 words)

	Humphreys Cosmology, Another Wrong Argument
		Since, for example, you dispute the existence of the supernova SN1987A, present your data that shows that SN1987A does not exist, that SN1987A (along with the rest of astronomy) is some kind of incredible scientific mistake or scientific conspiracy to hide the truth.
		In fact, observations of SN1987A as a supernova and as a star are no fundamentally different than observations of supernovae and stars that are much closer to the earth, such the Crab Nebula or Nova Cygni 1992.
		The supernova SN1987A is just one example by which we know for a fact that the universe has been in existence far longer than just 6,000 years.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Thebes/7755/steveheiden13.html (5267 words)

	SN1987a
		However, as its home, the Large Magellanic Cloud, is ~ 169,000 light years from the Earth, it actually went off 169,000 years ago (and we are just now detecting it).
		SN1987A due to its proximity, was the brightest supernova in the last 383 years and being visible with the naked eye is referred to as a historical supernova.
		As such, it is the most well-studied supernova of all time and has taught us many things about supernova outbursts.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~imamura/208/mar1/sn1987a.html (103 words)

	Interlude 21-1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The differences between the SN1987A light curve shown here and the Type II light curve in Figure 21.7 are mainly the result of the (relatively) small size of SN1987A's parent star.
		The peak luminosity of SN1987A was less than that of a "normal" Type II supernova because SK-69° 202 was small and quite tightly bound by gravity.
		The peak in the SN1987A light curve at about 80 days actually corresponds to the "plateau" in the Type II light curve in Figure 21.7.
	astronomy.nju.edu.cn /astron/at3/IN2101.HTM (1080 words)

	Additional Topics - Supernova
		Its angular size combined with the time it took for the ring to be illuminated after SN1987A was first observed allows a direct, trigonometric calculation of the distance to that supernova with an error of less than 5%.
		After all, in observing SN1987A we are seeing it as it was in the past.
		In particular, the fact that supernova SN1987A is around 170,000 light-years distant means that we are seeing an event which is around 170,000 years old.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/dave_matson/young-earth/additional_topics/supernova.html (3327 words)

	CERN Courier - SN1987A heralds the start of - IOP Publishing - article
		Researchers used the energy and number of observed events observed by Kamiokande and IMB to estimate the energy released by neutrinos from SN1987A, which was found to agree very well with expectations.
		Although the observation of neutrinos from SN1987A confirmed the supernova scenario, the observed number of events was too small to reveal details of the explosion.
		A conference to discuss supernova data from the past 20 years and what could be learned from a future supernova will be held at Waikoloa, Hawaii, on 23–25 February 2007.
	cerncourier.com /main/article/47/1/28 (1212 words)

	SN1987A and the Age of the Universe
		(The radius of the primary gas ring around SN1987A is based on the observed time it took for the energy from the explosion to hit the ring [traveling at the speed of light], which was 0.658 years [i.e., almost two-thirds of a year].
		Because of this fact, what astronomers observed was the point on the ring closest to the earth lighting up first [from the explosion energy] and then the rest of the gas ring progressively "light up" from the closest point to the farthest point traveling around both sides of the ring.
		This whole situation is described in The SN1987A Circumstellar Ring and the Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (A Homework Problem) by astronomer Richard McCray.
	chem.tufts.edu /science/astronomy/SN1987A.html (5342 words)

	How Good are those Young-Earth Arguments: Additional Topics
		When supernova SN1987A exploded, a fair amount of ultraviolet light was given off in addition to the usual, visible light.
		The motivation for this reasoning is to keep the age of the universe at about 6000 years while accounting for the fact that we can see the distant stars.
		This model, however, requires that the distance to supernova SN1987A be measured at less than 15.71 light-years in contradiction to the 170,000 light-years actually measured.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/hovind/howgood-add.html (9107 words)

	SN1987A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At the moment, the emission from the ejecta of SN1987A is considerably fainter than from the circumstellar material which dominates the appearance of the SN 1987A system.
		Astronomers announced today that a close monitoring of the supernova (designated SN1987A) with HST's sharp view has resolved a one-tenth light-year long dumbbell-shaped structure consisting of two blobs of debris expanding apart at nearly 6 million miles per hour from each other.
		Images of SN1987A were taken in September 1994, March 1995, and February 1996 with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2).
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/blast.html (2321 words)

	When Does a Supernova Become a Supernova Remnant? - Space - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The supernova was observed at a time when all this technology was available (the explosion occurred 160,000 years ago in a nearby galaxy but the light did not reach Earth until 1987), and it is much closer to Earth than any other supernova that has been observed in modern times.
		Almost all of the energy (more than 99%) emitted from SN1987A was in the form of neutrinos produced when the central core of the massive star Sanduleak 202 collapsed to form a neutron star.
		The radiation from this ring was the primary source of radiation from SN1987A from an age of about 4 years until the year 2000, when SN1987A turned 13.
	www.redorbit.com /news/space/852418/when_does_a_supernova_become_a_supernova_remnant/index.html?source=r_space (877 words)

	El vigésimo aniversario de SN1987A
		Una imagen única, de 256 millones de píxeles, de la Nebulosa de la Tarántula con SN1987A aún visible en una etapa posterior, puede encontrarse en ESO PR Foto 50/06.
		La curva óptica de luz de SN1987A resultó ser bastante diferente de otras supernovas de colapso de núcleo observadas previamente.
		Imagen de SN1987A obtenida en diferentes momentos en el infrarrojo con telescopios de ESO.
	www.astroseti.org /noticia_2747_El_vigesimo_aniversario_SN1987A.htm (1846 words)

	La diversité des étoiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		SN1987A pendant et après son explosion en mars et avril 1987.
		Aspect de SN1987A quatre ans après l'explosion; c'est la tache rouge allongée à peine discernable sur l'image de gauche qui couvre un champ d'environ 1'.
		En 1994, le flux d'énergie libéré par SN1987A entra en collision avec des nuages de gaz et de poussières interstellaires qui se trouvaient à 0.68 a.l.
	www.astrosurf.com /lombry/diversite-etoiles3.htm (2692 words)

	RAS Press Notices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These are known as the 'infrared-catastrophe' and the 'freeze-out', and were seen for the first time in SN1987A.
		The recognition of these processes is vital to our understanding of the way the light curves and spectra of supernovae develop long after the initial explosion.
		At the moment, the emission from the ejecta of SN1987A is considerably fainter than from the circumstellar material which dominates the appearance of the SN 1987A system.
	www.ras.org.uk /html/press/pn97-23.htm (807 words)

	Sn1987a - Page 2 - TheologyWeb Campus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Dunny wanted to switch the topic to SN1987A and its implications for the age of the universe, so I have taken the liberty of repeating his question on a new thread.
		I would say that SN1987A is extremely far away, and may well be as far away as you say.
		I count 9 errors (2 of which are related) in 136 words, or one error every 15 words; high, but nowhere near the record.
	www.theologyweb.com /campus/showthread.php?p=1847902 (1232 words)

	ASTRONOMY 100 HOMEPAGE - HOMEWORK 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		SN1987A was a supernova discovered in the year 1987.
		SN1987A is very important, because we know its progenitor.
		The spectral type of the progenitor of SN1987A was
	www.astro.uiuc.edu /~chu/astro100/HW5_f99.html (811 words)

	THE SN1987A CIRCUMSTELLAR RING AND THE DISTANCE TO THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD
		SN1987A was very much like an atomic bomb (in the same way that the Earth is like grain of sand): the flash of radiation reached the ring a few months after the explosion; but the blast wave will reach the ring after a greater delay.
		We are going to estimate that delay and predict when the blast wave will hit the ring.
		This is like being shown a dollar bill and being told it is 15 centimeters long and having to estimate how many centimeters long the picture of George Washington is, but your ruler only has inches on it.
	super.colorado.edu /~astr1020/homework4/hwk4.html (1541 words)

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