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	Signal-to-noise ratio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SNR measures the ratio between noise and an arbitrary signal on the channel, not necessarily the most powerful signal possible.
		SNR is usually taken to indicate an average signal to noise ratio, as it is possible that (near) instantaneous signal to noise ratios will be considerably different.
		In image processing, the SNR of an image is usually defined as the ratio of the mean pixel value to the standard deviation of the pixel values.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio (594 words)

	SNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The SNR is measured frequently by calculating the difference in signal intensity between the area of interest and the background (usually chosen from the air surrounding the object).
		The difference between the signal and the background noise is divided by the standard deviation of the signal from the background-- an indication of the variability of the background noise.
		SNR is proportional to the volume of the voxel and to the square root of the number or averages and phase steps (assuming constant sized voxels).
	www.mritutor.org /mritutor/snr.htm (271 words)

	The SNR images.
		X-rays: The young SNR 0519-69.0 in the Large Magellanic Cloud belongs to the class of objects typified by the Tycho supernova remnant, thought to be the remnants of Type Ia supernovae.
		X-rays: SNR 0540-69.3 is one of the Crab-like supernova remnants.
		The asymmetric morphology of the SNR suggests that the surrounding medium is nonuniform.
	www.astro.psu.edu /users/green/Main/main5.html (2532 words)

	SNR
		SNR produces all types of bearings to meet its customers’ specifications, each type of bearing providing the optimum solution for a given application.
		SNR pushes its RandD department in all domains such as materials and lubrication, making bearings insensitive to contamination, reducing friction torque, everything to withstand the most severe running conditions.
		SNR is also synonymous with top quality for aftermarket professionals, and the SNR trademark offers one of the largest ranges OEM-approved products in the world, covering wheel bearings, suspension, transmission and engine products.
	www.sovereign-publications.com /snr.htm (529 words)

	Supernova Remnants
		A supernova remnant (SNR) is the remains of a supernova explosion.
		These SNRs are similar to shell-type remnants, except that they contain a pulsar in the middle that blows out jets of very fast-moving material.
		In this phase, the main shell of the SNR is Rayleigh-Taylor unstable, and the SNR's ejecta becomes mixed up with the gas that was just shocked by the initial shock wave.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l2/supernova_remnants.html (1404 words)

	ASCA Science Highlights: SNR
		The shell-type SNR remnant is apparent in the soft band (0.5-3.0 keV) image (left), but disappears in the hard band (3.0-12.8 keV) image (right), which reveals the neutron star candidate.
		For W49B, the complex plasma conditions indicated by the spectrum are reinforced by the SIS maps which show a shell-like structure in the light of Si and S line emission surrounding an interior region of mostly Fe emission, providing the first clear evidence for stratification in the ejecta of this young remnant.
		One of the surprising conclusions from this work was that roughly one-half of the SNRs produced in the LMC within the last ~1500 yrs came from Type Ia SNe.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/asca/science/science_snr.html (3291 words)

	Flux Overestimation Vs. SNR
		The histogram of the ratio of observed flux to true flux shows a clear asymmetry even in the SNR 6-7 bin, with 22% of the sources having a flux ratio above 1.3 vs. none of the sources having a flux ratio below 0.7.
		Normalizing to J, this translates into a typical SNR ratio of 0.69 for H/J and 0.55 for K/J. The reason this is a "best case" can be seen by considering the other extreme of the bluest stellar colors: J-H = 0.2 and H-K = 0.05.
		The number of sources is converging to almost the same level independent of band at low SNR, since the number of observed SNR = 1 sources is dominated by sources boosted in flux by noise.
	spider.ipac.caltech.edu /staff/tchester/2mass/processing/flux_bias_by_snr.html (1594 words)

	Telecom Order CRTC 2004-201
		SNR is also a network-based service, which provides customers with a virtual telephone number that they can program to forward calls regardless of where they are located.
		Bell Canada submitted that SNR would provide and enhance the majority of the feature functionalities associated with PrimeLine and stated that SNR would be available in the same localities as PrimeLine.
		In response to concerns regarding the inability to place overseas calls in SNR, Bell Canada stated that, as a result of the high levels of toll fraud that currently existed in relation to overseas toll calls made on PrimeLine, it had elected to prohibit overseas calling from the SNR system.
	www.crtc.gc.ca /archive/ENG/Orders/2004/o2004-201.htm (1646 words)

	Scan SNR Vs. PROPHOT SNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, a catalog thresholded at SNR = 7 from a database extracted down to SNR ~ 3 should show a rising histogram all the way to the cutoff of the catalog, as long as there were no other selection criteria that effectively eliminate lower-SNR sources.
		SNR = 10 in the catalog corresponds to SNR = 8 deduced from the PROPHOT j_msig.
		The SNR estimate made by PROPHOT is made using a small region around each source, and thus may simply have a higher scatter than that scan-average noise.
	spider.ipac.caltech.edu /staff/tchester/2mass/analysis/psc/snr.html (383 words)

	The X-Ray Galactic SNR Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Einstein data for SNR are available as images on magnetic tape or diskette and as tables of counting rates.
		Because many SNR are larger than the field of view, rates over the entire field of view (~ 60 minutes, diameter) are quoted for all SNR and for all point sources.
		In seven cases, with coverage from 35% to 90%, we have calculated an HRI rate for the entire SNR by using the observed IPC data and assuming the ratio of HRI to IPC rates was the same for the observed and the unobserved parts of the remnant.
	hea-www.harvard.edu /%7Eslane/snr/cats/einstein_list/snr_doc.html (1351 words)

	SNR - Thermal Conduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One idea is that the SNR expands past gas clouds in the interstellar medium (the gas that fills the galaxy).
		The edge of the SNR wave is where material piles up and emits X-rays, so if the wave has bounced back, it will cause the SNR to give off more X-rays from the interior than otherwise.
		SNRs can be used as examples or test laboratories, to study how thermal conduction works there, and then the knowledge can be extrapolated to the interstellar medium in general.
	lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/xray/research/snrs/thermal.html (1121 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: SNR 0103-72.6 :: 26 May 03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The striking Chandra image of supernova remnant, SNR 0103-72.6, reveals a nearly perfect ring about 150 light years in diameter surrounding a cloud of gas enriched in oxygen and shock heated to millions of degrees Celsius.
		SNR 0103-72.6 is located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) about 190,000 light years from Earth.
		Although SNR 0103-72.6 is more distant than supernova remnants in our Galaxy, scientists have a clear view of it because its light is not blocked by the dusty spiral arms of our Galaxy.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/2003/snr0103 (387 words)

	Modem SNR (Floyd Davidson)
		The first SNR figure is basically the SNR of a cable pair (commonly that might be 55 dB or better), while the second includes that cable pair plus an analog 4Khz voice grade circuit transported via a digital carrier system that has a best case SNR of 37 dB.
		An SNR of 45 dB is not exactly great for a cable loop, and any other added impairment would then prevent a v.90 connection perhaps.
		That conversion doesn't happen with v.90, and part of the SNR measurement which is affected by that quantization noise is immaterial to how well a v.90 connection might work.
	yarchive.net /phone/modem_snr.html (1093 words)

	Supernovae, Supernova Remnants and Young Earth Creationism FAQ
		SNR) is the remains of the matter that is exploded away from a star when it goes supernovae.
		SNRs in regions where the density of the ISM is low (Henning and Wendker 1975; Gaensler and Johnson 1995b) or there is little ionised gas present (Heiles et al.
		SNRs in the radiative stage Indeed, the very presence of just one third-stage SNR would completely destroy the YEC argument for a young Universe, as the amount of time a SNR takes to reach this stage is way beyond anything that the YEC time scale allows.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/supernova (13924 words)

	Beaded Jewelry designed by SNR Accessories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		All items are designed by SNR Accessories and made of turquoise and memory wire.
		SNR celebrates differences through color, style, and originality by providing an array of quality jewelry that compliments a variety of skin tones, captures an individual’s personality, and accentuates the beauty of each person.
		SNR would be happy to send you information about upcoming shows, new products and special discounts.
	snraccessories.com /Beaded-Jewelry.htm (360 words)

	SNR Group - Home
		With more than a century of experience, SNR is a major world-wide bearings manufacturer.
		Present in more than 200 countries, SNR is tuned into the needs of each of its customers.
		Students or teachers, SNR has dedicated this space entirely to you...
	www.snr-bearings.com /group/fr/en-en/index.cfm (91 words)

	MC SNRs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Supernova remnants (SNRs) are the primary source of energy within the interstellar medium (ISM).
		The million-degree gas in SNR interiors is the dominant contributor to the "hot phase" of the ISM; the details of SNR expansion and evolution determine how this hot gas is distributed on large scales.
		SNRs in the MCs are observable with reasonable resolution and sensitivity, without Galactic uncertainties in distance and intervening absorption.
	www.astro.uiuc.edu /projects/atlas (159 words)

	Sound Card Performance Test Techtalk SNR
		SNR measures signal processing error in sound cards that is part of the Distortion and Noise Model.
		SNR and Dynamic Range are very similar and are often confused.
		SNR and Dynamic Range differ in that Dynamic Range is based on the noise that is present when NO signal is present, while SNR is based on the noise that is present when there is a signal.
	www.pcavtech.com /soundcards/techtalk/SNR (255 words)

	SNR and Cosmic Ray Acceleration
		We know that magnetic fields exist near and around SNR, for example in the ambient ISM or around the neutron star that can remain after a SNe.
		For the energies of the cosmic rays (as expected based on cosmic rays observed on Earth) and the strength of the magnetic fields (deduced from radio measurements), cosmic rays' synchrotron emission should fall into the X-ray range.
		Synchrotron radiation in SNRs was thought by many to be important only in the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/features/topics/snr_group/cosmic_rays.html (2443 words)

	SERIES SNR
		SNR are card cages that accommodate plug-in program cards: SN 488-B and/or SN 488-D.
		SNR are CE Marked per the Low Voltage Directive (LVD), EN61010-1.
		SN 488-B plug-in program cards are for SNR 488-4, and SNR 488-8 in 12 bit binary format.
	www.kepcopower.com /snr488.htm (192 words)

	Creative Audigy2 ZS Sound Card Review
		The higher is SNR, the higher should be sound clarity and lower should be noise.
		The label SNR should not be used due to industry confusion over the exact definition.
		By the way, SNR or "pause noise" is 114dB here, but this actually has no interest for anyone, I guess.
	www.digit-life.com /articles2/creative-audigy2-zs (3590 words)

	Willie Park Snr -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Willie Park Snr (b 1834 Musselburgh, Scotland, d 1903) was one of the pioneers of professional (A game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes) golf.
		Like some of the other early professional golfers, Park started out at a caddie.
		Park's brother (Scottish explorer in Africa (1771-1806)) Mungo Park and his son Willie Park Jnr both won The Open Championship.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/willie_park_snr.htm (227 words)

	SNR and Line Attenuation - DSL Hardware
		I doubt these routers etc have the real smarts in them to measure the true snr and they must be fudging it using some type of test pattern/bit sampling in software somehow as oppossed to the true mV testing of the power on the line.
		I found that my SNR is LOW about 5DB for downstream, and usually its sits at 19db.
		I probably wouldn't read too much into these SNR figures as mine varied considerably depending on the modem I was using.
	forums.whirlpool.net.au /forum-replies-archive.cfm/82831.html (1101 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: SNR 0540-69.3 :: 20 Apr 04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Surrounding the white blaze is a shell of hot gas 40 light years in diameter that marks the outward progress of the supernova shock wave.
		Both SNR 0540-69.3 and the Crab pulsar are rotating rapidly, and are about a thousand years old.
		The massive star that exploded to create SNR 0540-69.3 was evidently in a region where there was an appreciable amount of gas.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/2004/snr0540 (399 words)

	SNR scalable video coder using progressive transmission of DCT coefficients - Robers (ResearchIndex)
		SNR scalable video coder using progressive transmission of DCT coefficients (1997)
		These new applications, including video telephony (teleconferencing, video surveillance) public safety, and video-on-demand, require limiting the bandwidth of the compressed bitstream to less than the capacity of the transmission channel.
		We first introduced an SNR scalable codec that is based on the partitioning of the DCT coefficients in
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /393728.html (381 words)

	Bill Blair's Vela Supernova Remnant Page
		The SNR has been recognized as such for decades, with a non-thermal radio source (characteristic of SNRs) and selected optical filaments showing indications of heating by fast shock waves from the supernova.
		The full extent of the expanding remnant was not known until the mid-1990's when a sensitive X-ray image of the region was obtained with the Rosat satellite.
		The ultraviolet and optical observations are consistent with the region being a "breakout" from the main shell of the SNR.
	fuse.pha.jhu.edu /~wpb/hstvela/hstvela.html (1839 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: SNR G54.1+0.3 :: 25 Jun 02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Chandra image of the distant supernova remnant SNR G54.1+0.3 reveals a bright ring of high-energy particles with a central point-like source.
		The features observed in SNR G54.1+0.3 are very similar to other "pulsar wind nebulas" found by Chandra in the Crab Nebula, the Vela supernova remnant, and PSR B1509-58.
		By analyzing the similarities and differences between these objects, scientists hope to better understand the fascinating process of transforming the rotational energy of the neutron star into high-energy particles with very little frictional heat loss.
	www.chandra.harvard.edu /photo/2002/g541 (314 words)

	John P. Hughes
		X-ray expansion of the historical SNRs: Tycho (SN1572) and Kepler (SN1604)
		SNR 0506-68.0: A Remnant Transitioning from the Ejecta-Dominated to the Sedov Phase of Evolution (as PI)
		SNR 0103-72.6 : An Unusually Bright Remnant in the SMC (as Co-I)
	www.physics.rutgers.edu /~jackph (655 words)

	Alfred Mendes on the history of George Bush, family and friends - Spectre Magazine, 7th December, 2002
		Jan. 1 ‘31: W. Harriman and Co. merged with the British-American investment house, Brown Brothers, resulting in Prescott S. Bush Snr., Thatcher M. Brown and the two Harriman brothers being the senior partners of the new Brown Brothers Harriman firm.
		Defeat of the left-wing Sandanistas became an immediate aim of the Reagan Administration, and this was to be implemented using secretive methods (which were later to prove illegal) under the control of the Special Situations Group, whose chairman was Vice-President George Bush Snr.
		(eldest son of George H. Bush Snr.) in the mid-70’s proves to be an unsuccessful venture and is bought out by another oil company, Spectrum 7 Energy Corp. George W. Bush Jnr.
	www.spectrezine.org /resist/bush.htm (2632 words)

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