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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		In electricity, "spark" usually refers to a momentary electrostatic discharge across a spark gap.
		The Spark is a small Trotskyist group in the United States.
		Spark Infrastructure is the name of an investor in Australian infrastructure assets.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=spark (141 words)

	Ada Programming Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ada programming language - Ada is a structured, statically typed imperative computer programming language designed by a team led by Jean Ichbiah of CII Honeywell Bull during 1977â“1983.
		SPARK programming language - SPARK is a secure, formally-defined programming language designed to support the development of software used in applications where correct operation is vital either for reasons of safety or business integrity.
		Esoteric programming language - An esoteric programming language (sometimes shortened to esolang) is a programming language designed as a test of the boundaries of computer programming language design, as a proof of concept, or as a joke.
	coding.vvvvvv3.com /adaprogramminglanguage.html (692 words)

	SPARK (programming language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SPARK is a secure, formally-defined programming language designed to support the development of software used in applications where correct operation is vital either for reasons of safety or business integrity.
		A SPARK program has a precise meaning which is unaffected by the choice of Ada compiler and can never be erroneous (erroneous in the meaning as defined in the Ada Reference Manual).
		The first version of SPARK (based on Ada 83) was produced at the University of Southampton (with UK Ministry of Defence sponsorship) by Bernard Carré and Trevor Jennings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SPARK_programming_language (1033 words)

	The SPARK Methodology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The design flow through the SPARK framework is as follows: SPARK accepts a behavioral description of a design in ANSI-C, creates the intermediate representation, runs a data dependency analysis pass, schedules the design, binds the resources, performs control synthesis, and finally generates an output in register-transfer level VHDL.
		SPARK stores the input behavior in a hierarchical and multi-layered intermediate representation (IR) that retains the structural information (if-then-else, for-loop constructs) given in the input description along with information on operations and data dependencies.
		The idea is to start with a behavioral description in a high-level language -- in our case, we choose the "C" programming language as a starting point -- and capture the behavior in an intermediate representation that captures both the data and control dependencies.
	mesl.ucsd.edu /spark/methodology.shtml (851 words)

	High integrity software \| The Register
		The goal of SPARK is to produce correct programs that satisfy some contract between the user and the automated system as to its behaviour – somewhat similar to Eiffel's "design by contract" concept.
		SPARK is more than just a language (it is a fundamental part of a development process) and this book is more than just a language cookbook.
		The Examiner seems to be central to the use of SPARK – it checks conformance of the code to the rules of the kernel language; and the consistency between the code and the embedded comment annotations (using control, data and information flow analysis).
	www.regdeveloper.co.uk /2006/09/20/high_integrity_software (881 words)

	Ada Information Clearinghouse List of Ada Language Textbooks
		Students with no prior programming experience will begin to program with this interesting and powerful, yet flexible language that is used in the Boeing 777 and Airbus 340, the International Space Station, the European high-speed rail system, and many other major projects around the world.
		Spark is widely used in the highest level of safety-critical and security-critical systems.
		The SPARK language and tools are designed to support the construction of “high integrity” systems, where safety and security are paramount.
	www.adaic.org /learn/textbook.html (983 words)

	Spark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A spark may be a small airborne ember or particle of glowing, hot metal from a fire, grinding machine, the heat from an electric spark as above, the impact of flint and steel, or the like.
		A Spark is the 'soul' of a Transformer.
		A spark is someone who possesses the ability to perform mad science in the fictional world of Girl Genius.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spark (263 words)

	STSC CrossTalk - When Computers Fly, It Has to Be Right: Using SPARK for Flight Control of Small Unmanned Aerial ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The SPARK language has been used on many successful software development projects such as the C-130J [4] and is the language we have used on our UAV project.
		SPARK is an annotated language similar to the annotated Ada language [5] and the Larch annotated language for C [6].
		SPARK is an annotated subset of the Ada programming language, and every SPARK program can be compiled by an Ada compiler.
	www.stsc.hill.af.mil /crosstalk/2006/09/0609SwardGerkenCasey.html (2888 words)

	Why Bison is Becoming Extinct
		A number of programs allow you to write scripts to control their operation; in fact, just the other day I downloaded a neural network simulator which provided a little programming language to steer the simulation.
		However, there may be concerns about tying your language to one which is itself changing, or the syntax and semantics of your language may not match those of such a "host" language.
		For starters, a lot of common programming languages are specified using ambiguous grammars, which are beyond the capabilities of the LALR(1) algorithm used by Yacc.
	www.acm.org /crossroads/xrds7-5/bison.html (2531 words)

	Building Energy Software Tools Directory : SPARK
		An object-oriented program that allows the user to quickly build models of complex physical processes by connecting equation-based calculation modules from an object library.
		SPARK (Simulation Problem Analysis and Research Kernel) creates an executable simulation program from this network ready to be run.
		SPARK is available in two versions with different user interfaces: VisualSPARK and WinSPARK.
	www.eere.energy.gov /buildings/tools_directory/software.cfm/ID=111/pagename=alpha_list (236 words)

	Good Math, Bad Math : A Metalanguage for Pathological Programming: Cellular Automata in Alpaca
		Sparks are divided into two parts: the leading edge of a spark, and the trailing edge of a spark.
		On the bus sit the * instruction pointer, which rests underneath the part of the * program which is currently executing, and the data pointer, which * rests underneath the part of the storage which is currently being * addressed.
		There's a data bus connecting the program to the data tape, and as the program runs, you can watch data operations flow across the bus to move the data pointer and alter data on the tape.
	scienceblogs.com /goodmath/2006/10/a_metalanguage_for_pathologica.php (1726 words)

	SPARKAda - SPARK
		SPARK is a language designed to support the development of software used in applications where correct operation is vital either for reasons of safety or business integrity.
		SPARK, which was developed to meet the rigorous requirements of safety-critical systems, provides a cost-effective approach to the develpment of all critical systems.
		Notes: The SPARK programming language is not sponsored by or affiliated with SPARC International Inc and is not based on the SPARC architecture.
	www.praxis-his.com /sparkada/spark.asp (429 words)

	Hiccup - Introducing Computer Programming to Little Kids.
		SPARK is made from odds and ends that you might find in a classroom like matchboxes, 3x5 file cards and a half dozen children.
		SPARK's memory consists of a number of small boxes (matchboxes would be ideal), each clearly labelled with a letter of the alphabet starting at 'A'.
		When children write LOGO programs, they have to learn how to 'Play Turtle' in order to imagine what their program will do when they are in the process of writing it - and also in order to see what goes wrong when their programs have bugs in them.
	www.sjbaker.org /steve/software/hiccup.html (4232 words)

	Book Reviews
		The pair programming I’d find a little too “in your face”, but is an interesting concept that builds on the often-proven benefits of code inspections, though in my experience two pairs of eyes are not enough.
		SPARK relies on Ada’s idea of programming by contract, which separates the ability to describe a software interface (the contract) from its implementation (the code).
		It specifically attempts to insure the program is correct as built, in contrast to modern Agile methods which stress cranking a lot of code fast and then making it work via testing.
	www.ganssle.com /books/books2.htm (5871 words)

	Table Oriented Programming
		Table-Oriented Programming (TOP for short) can be characterized as a programming language and/or development method that makes dealing with tables, lists, indexing, sorting, searching, filtering, etc. a native and direct part of language design and complexity management.
		Although SQL is a high-level language that is quite powerful for certain types of operations, it is far from a general-purpose table processing language.
		One of the most time-wasting process in programming table processing with many of the popular languages is having to type the names of all the fields that will show up on a screen or report.
	geocities.com /tablizer/top.htm (7814 words)

	[No title]
		In an effort to spark some sort of thread that is on the topic, I will tell you all why I love literate programming and people can share their success / failure stories.
		Most all literate programming uses I have seen are for finished programs but it seems to me that it can be useful during program development as well.
		I can't say that this is how I write programs (I don't write many) but listening to this newsgroup I get the feeling that people use literate programming as a way to reorganize their traditional programming methods.
	www.literateprogramming.com /best/nontrivialsuccess.html (3257 words)

	Extreme Learning
		When learning a programming language for the first time, interactive interpreted language such as SmallTalk or Python is a good choice in the same vein.
		If you are learning a language (spoken), contrast the approach of a intensive language courses (which immerse you in the language) and normal language teaching in schools.
		In an intensive language learning environment you get many chances to improve on your first attempts at 'What I did at the weekend', also people spark off each other, adding to what someone else has said, reusing their vocabulary and idion in a different way...
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?ExtremeLearning (946 words)

	Brief Information on Spark
		Essentially, SPARK is an Ada 95 design language.
		SPARK is essentialy a design system, since no executable code is generated.
		stages of program development increases the likelihood of the program behaving
	www.cse.secs.oakland.edu /edslabs/about/spark.asp (204 words)

	IEEE Spectrum: The Exterminators
		The solution Mondex chose was to use a special program, known as a certification authority, that would run on a central computer at the company's headquarters.
		It's not a programming language—it doesn't tell a computer how to do something—but it is a formal specification language that expresses notions in ways that can be subjected to proof.
		The program discussed in this example is extremely simple, with just a few lines of code, so any programmer could easily spot the bug without the help of mathematical methods.
	www.spectrum.ieee.org /print/1454 (3986 words)

	Charming Python: Parsing with the SimpleParse module
		As this column's installments on functional programming have observed, the recipe style of program flow is comparatively error-prone and difficult to maintain.
		The language is far simpler than a full programming language would be, but complicated enough to be representative.
		If you discover or invent some slightly new variant of the language, it is a lot easier to play with the EBNF grammar than with those regular expressions.
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/library/l-simple.html (1818 words)

	SparkNotes: Why Use Pointers?: Void Pointers & Casting
		The C/C++ language provides a special pointer, the void pointer, that allows us to create a pointer that is not type specific, meaning that it can be forced to point to anything.
		One common application of void pointers is creating functions which take any kind of pointer as an argument and perform some operation on the data which doesn't depend on the data contained.
		But spark is an integer and steve is a character.
	www.sparknotes.com /cs/pointers/whyusepointers/section1.html (605 words)

	Spark
		A spark may be a small airborne Special:Search/Ember or particle of glowing, hot metal from a fire, grinding machine, the heat from an electric spark as above, the impact of flint and steel, or the like.
		All such sparks come from a common origin, the "Allspark," which is the life force of the godlike creator Primus.
		All sparks are mere fragments of the Allspark which sends them to live in the physical world so that they can learn and live and evolve as individuals so that when each spark rejoins the Allspark, the latter can also learn, grow, and evolve.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3Dspark (262 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The CMU MSE program is one of the pioneers in the field and has gained an international reputation for quality and innovation.
		Most programs are looking for faculty with good teaching and research experience (or potential for excelling in these areas), a terminal degree, possibly some depth in certain specialty areas of computing, and if you have a software engineering degree, you would like your new hires to have some real-world experience.
		SPARK remains the only widely-used, unambiguous programming language that supports formal development methods such as B and Z, while being used in large, real-world projects such as EuroFighter, Lockheed C130J, SHOLIS, and the MULTOS CA.
	www.rose-hulman.edu /~bagert/fase/v10n09.txt (5112 words)

	VisualSPARK 2.01 Home
		VisualSPARK is the SPARK program with a graphical user interface to simplify use of the program.
		In addition, the SPARK energy simulation program is not associated with the SPARK programming language and toolset from Praxis Critical Systems Limited.
		SPARK may be thought of as a general differential/algebraic equation solver.
	gundog.lbl.gov /VS/spark.html (858 words)

	LWN: C++ Game development
		If you put correctness first, you would use the SPARK programming language, or something similar, and never release unless every possible test has been passed.
		Jon Bentley mentions in one of the Programming Pearls books that given a 10x speed improvement on his typesetting system or all the bugs fixed, that he would have taken the speed up.
		Languages that don't have not been conspicuously successful in general purpose programming.
	lwn.net /Articles/163493 (307 words)

	Simon Peyton Jones: papers
		An exploration of modular programs, Electronic proceedings of the 1996 Glasgow Functional Programming Workshop, J Nicklisch and SL Peyton Jones, Ullapool, July 1996.
		Compiling Haskell by program transformation: a report from the trenches, SL Peyton Jones Proc European Symposium on Programming (ESOP'96), Linkping, Sweden, Springer Verlag LNCS 1058, Jan 1996.
		Imperative functional programming, SL Peyton Jones and PL Wadler, 20th ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL'93), Charleston, Jan 1993, pp71-84.
	research.microsoft.com /~simonpj/Papers/papers.html (2201 words)

	JetBrains onBoard Online Magazine :: Language Oriented Programming: The Next Programming Paradigm
		This article is intended to give you a bird’s-eye-view of LOP, to spark interest in the idea, and hopefully to generate feedback and discussion.
		Programmers are restricted because they are heavily dependent on programming infrastructure which they cannot easily change, namely the languages and environments that they use.
		And the environment would fully support these languages with refactoring, code completion, navigation, and all the other productivity tools that are available for mainstream languages.
	www.onboard.jetbrains.com /articles/04/10/lop (815 words)

	[No title]
		SwingWorker is a popular utility class developed by Sun Microsystems for the Swing library of the Java programming language.
		McNealy's antitrust complaints helped spark the investigation that led to the EU's $613 million fine against Microsoft last month for abuses of its virtual monopoly in desktop operating systems.
		Kodak launched the lawsuit in 2002, claiming that Sun's Java programming language had violated three patents issued in the mid-1990s.
	www.lycos.com /info/java-programming-language--sun-microsystems.html (349 words)

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