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Topic: SSL

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	Transport Layer Security - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SSL can also be used to tunnel an entire network stack to create a VPN, as is the case with OpenVPN.
		Developed by Netscape, SSL version 3.0 was released in 1996, which later served as a basis to develop TLS version 1.0, an IETF standard protocol first defined in RFC 2246.
		SSL operates in modular fashion: its authors designed it for extendability, with support for forwards and backwards compatibility and negotiation between peers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer (1407 words)

	[No title]
		SSL takes messages to be transmitted, fragments the data into manageable blocks, optionally compresses the data, applies a MAC, encrypts, and transmits the result.
		It is the responsibility of the SSL Handshake protocol to coordinate the states of the client and server, thereby allowing the protocol state machines of each to operate consistently, despite the fact that the state is not exactly parallel.
		INTERNET-DRAFT SSL 3.0 November 18, 1996 When the client and server decide to resume a previous session or duplicate an existing session (instead of negotiating new security parameters) the message flow is as follows: The client sends a ClientHello using the Session ID of the session to be resumed.
	wp.netscape.com /eng/ssl3/draft302.txt (13960 words)

	Connected: An Internet Encyclopedia - SSL/TLS Protocol Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SSL Version 3, documented in an IETF draft, provides one of the most commonly available security mechanisms on the Internet.
		When an SSL session is established, the server begins by announcing a public key to the client.
		X.509 certificates are used to authenticate the server, and the client can be authenticated as well, by presenting a certificate of its own, then computing a hash of all the SSL messages that have been exchanged up to a certain point, encrypting the result with its private key, and sending this to the server.
	ie.activedomain.org /121.htm (382 words)

	SSL Explained
		SSL encrypts data so that no one who intercepts is able to read it.
		SSL can assure a client that they are dealing with the real server they intended to connect to.
		SSL prevents anyone from meddling with data going to or coming from the server.
	java.sun.com /javastore/jserv/ssl.html (243 words)

	The SSL Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The SSL Handshake Protocol messages are encapsulated in the SSL Record Protocol and are composed of two parts: a single byte message type code, and some data.
		SSL defeats this attack using a "nonce" (the connection-id) which is "unique" to the connection.
		However, SSL nonces are at least 128 bits long, so a bad-guy would need to record approximately 2^64 nonces to even have a 50% chance of choosing the right session.
	www.netscape.com /eng/security/SSL_2.html (7319 words)

	Tutorial: Using SSL
		Therefore when using SSL, you have a guarantee that the data you send and receive is always safe and secure.
		SSL also deals with authenticating both client and server by using certificates to validate their identity.
		SSL certificates ensure that the server you are connecting to is the server you intended to connect to.
	www.code-crafters.com /abilitymailserver/tutorial_ssl.html (626 words)

	Introduction to SSL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An encrypted SSL connection requires all information sent between a client and a server to be encrypted by the sending software and decrypted by the receiving software, thus providing a high degree of confidentiality.
		The SSL protocol supports the use of a variety of different cryptographic algorithms, or ciphers, for use in operations such as authenticating the server and client to each other, transmitting certificates, and establishing session keys.
		The SSL protocol requires the client to create a digital signature by creating a one-way hash from data generated randomly during the handshake and known only to the client and server.
	docs.sun.com /source/816-6156-10/contents.htm (5090 words)

	[SSL-Talk List FAQ] Secure Sockets Layer Discussion List FAQ v1.1.1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The current version is SSL 3.0, as documented at Errata to the SSL 3.0 Specification is periodically posted on the SSL discussion list, and is available at Netscape has submitted SSL 3.0 to the IETF-TLS Working Group as an Internet Draft (see the section 4.5 of this FAQ for more info on TLS).
		SSL relies on an underlying reliable protocol to assure that bytes are not lost or inserted.
		SSL 2.0 feeds padding bytes into the MAC in block cipher modes, but leaves the padding-length field unauthenticated, which could allow active attackers to delete bytes from the end of messages.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/computer-security/ssl-talk-faq (6745 words)

	Secure Sockets Layer - a Whatis.com definition - see also: SSL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SSL has recently been succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS), which is based on SSL.
		SSL is included as part of both the Microsoft and Netscape browsers and most Web server products.
		SSL uses the public-and-private key encryption system from RSA, which also includes the use of a digital certificate.
	searchsecurity.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci343029,00.html (349 words)

	Secure Socket Layer
		SSL is designed to make use of TCP as a communication layer to provide a reliable end-to-end secure and authenticated connection between two points over a network (for example between the service client and the server).
		The purpose of the SSL record protocol is to take an application message to be transmitted, fragment the data which needs to be sent, encapsulate it with appropriate headers and create an object just called a record, which is encrypted and can be forwarded for sending under the TCP protocol.
		SSL is used in many services but mostly SSL protects the HTTP communication channel over the Internet and therefore the SSL protocol is seen quite often as associated only with WWW pages.
	www.windowsecurity.com /articles/Secure_Socket_Layer.html (3625 words)

	Using SSL with mIRC.
		To initiate a secure connection to an SSL capable server, you can use the /server -e switch, or prefix the port number with a plus sign, eg.
		The variable $ssl can be used to determine whether the current connection is secure or not.
		SSL settings can be found in the View/Options/Connect/Options dialog but these are visible only when the OpenSSL DLLs have been found and loaded.
	www.mirc.co.uk /ssl.html (561 words)

	SSLeay Programmer Reference
		Note: the primary site for fetching the SSL applications code is ftp.psy.uq.oz.au, however I push the initial versions and other interesting stuff to ftp.bond.edu.au first as that is where I have best access.
		SSL is written in a portable manner with no major assumptions about the underlying environment (except for the fact that long must be at least 32 bits [this code works on 64 bit machines too])
		The basic decision that has to be made is whether or not you are going to transparently layer SSL on top of an existing protocol/application or if you are going to dynamically negotiate SSL using whatever mechanisms already exist in the protocol that you are extending.
	www2.psy.uq.edu.au /~ftp/Crypto/ssl.html (2739 words)

	Setting Up a Secure Apache 2 Server (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The lesson starts with an overview of SSL and its cryptographic foundations and continues with step by step configuration of SSL certificates and the mod_ssl Apache module.
		SSL is a protocol that requires intensive calculations.
		The SSL connection does not use an export (weak) cipher or a NULL cipher, the certificate has been issued by a particular CA and for a particular group, and the access takes place during workdays (Monday to Friday) and working hours (8:00 a.m.
	www.samspublishing.com /articles/article.asp?p=30115&seqNum=5 (1086 words)

	Cotse - Connected: An Internet Encyclopedia - SSL Protocol Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer, though IETF is renaming it TLS (Transport Layer Security).
		SSL is based on cryptography, the encoding of data in such a way that it can be decoded only by its intended recipient, not by a third party who might be able to intercept the information in transit.
		SSL uses a secret key system called RC4, developed by RSA, Inc, to encrypt its transfers.
	www.cotse.com /CIE/Topics/121.htm (1082 words)

	Secure Sockets Layer (SSL): How It Works - SSL Encryption/https from VeriSign, Inc.
		Every SSL Certificate is created for a particular server in a specific domain for a verified business entity.
		VeriSign is the SSL Certificate provider of choice for over 93% of the Fortune 500 and the top 10 U.S. banks, businesses that know the most about Internet security.
		When you secure your sites with VeriSign SSL Certificates and display the VeriSign Secured Seal, your customers know that their transactions are secure and you are who you say you are.
	www.verisign.com /products-services/security-services/ssl/ssl-information-center/how-ssl-security-works (483 words)

	[No title]
		The differences between this protocol and SSL 3.0 are not dramatic, but they are significant enough that TLS 1.0 and SSL 3.0 do not interoperate (although TLS 1.0 does incorporate a mechanism by which a TLS implementation can back down to SSL 3.0).
		TLS is based on SSL Version 3.0 stream cipher An encryption algorithm that converts a key into a cryptographically-strong keystream, which is then exclusive-ORed with the plaintext.
		Similarly, a TLS server which wishes to interoperate with SSL 3.0 clients should accept SSL 3.0 client hello messages and respond with an SSL 3.0 server hello if an SSL 3.0 client hello is received which has a version field of {3, 0}, denoting that this client does not support TLS.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2246.txt (15171 words)

	SSL / TLS
		SSL, or more specifically, the RSA public-key cryptographic operations usually used to exchange the session key at the start of a connection, is computationally intensive.
		SSL and TLS Essentials, by Stephen Thomas [publisher's page, Amazon.com] - was the only good book on SSL until Rescorla's book came out.
		In April, 2001, Coradiant published a SSL benchmark comparing a hand-coded highly optimized version of RSA for Itanium to an unoptimized off-the-shelf generic RSA compiled for UltraSparc III.
	www.kegel.com /ssl (535 words)

	NeedName.Com - Domain & Web Hosting Services
		Because SSL is built into all major browsers and Web servers, simply installing a digital certificate or Server ID enables SSL capabilities.
		SSL server authentication is vital for secure e-commerce transactions.
		An encrypted SSL connection requires all information sent between a client and a server to be encrypted by the sending software and decrypted by the receiving software, protecting private information from interception over the Internet.
	www.needname.net /secure (570 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Encryption Works"
		Originally developed by Netscape, SSL is an Internet security protocol used by Internet browsers and Web servers to transmit sensitive information.
		SSL has become part of an overall security protocol known as Transport Layer Security (TLS).
		Look for the "s" after "http" in the address whenever you are about to enter sensitive information, such as a credit-card number, into a form on a Web site.
	computer.howstuffworks.com /encryption4.htm (222 words)

	Info.SSL.com
		SSL uses a complex system of key exchanges between your browser and the server you are communicating with in order to encrypt the data before transmitting it across the web.
		A web page with an active SSL session is what we mean when we say a web page is "secure".
		SSL made simple, one of the simplest traceroutes I have ever used.
	info.ssl.com /ssl_kb/article.aspx?id=10068 (1516 words)

	Stunnel.org
		Stunnel is a program that allows you to encrypt arbitrary TCP connections inside SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) available on both Unix and Windows.
		The Stunnel source code is available under the GNU General Public License, meaning it is free to use in both commercial and non commercial applications as you see fit, as long as you provide source code (and any modifications) with the software.
		Your compiled Stunnel binary is 'restricted' by whatever license your chosen SSL library is under, however both OpenSSL and SSLeay are open source and similarly liberal in their licensing.
	www.stunnel.org (472 words)

	SSL/TLS
		The SSL protocol allows mutual authentication between a client and server and the establishment of an authenticated and encrypted connection.
		For the SSL 3.0 specification (also called SSL v3) in plain text form, see The SSL Protocol, Version 3.0.
		For the original SSL 0.2 specification (also called SSL v2), see The SSL 0.2 Specification.
	www.mozilla.org /projects/security/pki/nss/ssl (347 words)

	Using SSL with Webmin
		Because your Webmin login and password are normally passed between your browser and the server in unencrypted form, an attacker with access to any of the networks between the browser and server can easily capture your Webmin login.
		If there is a firewall or proxy between the machine you are running your browser on and the Webmin server, check that it allows SSL requests to pass through as well.
		The SSL certificate and key file option should be set to Use Webmin's cert, and all of the other options left as their defaults.
	webmin.com /ssl.html (653 words)

	SSL 3.0 Specification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The most recent Draft SSL 3.0 specification, an Internet Draft dated November 1996, may be viewed here.
		The previous draft of the SSL 3.0 Specification, dated March 1996, may be viewed in this HTML document.
		Additional information to aid SSL 3.0 implementors is available in these pages.
	wp.netscape.com /eng/ssl3 (90 words)

	What is SSL? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SSL and S-HTTP, therefore, can be seen as complementary rather than competing technologies.
		VeriSign: SSL Certificates - Protect your site with the strongest security possible and it will help increase customers' trust in your e-business.
		InstantSSL is a low cost SSL Certificate Authority that provides High Assurance, fully validated SSL Certificates.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/S/SSL.html (511 words)

	SSL - Enterprise Networking Planet - Practical Advice for Managing Your LANs, WANs, SANs and WLANs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SSL uses a cryptographic system that uses two keys to encrypt data − a public key known to everyone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient of the message.
		Both Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer support SSL, and many Web sites use the protocol to obtain confidential user information, such as credit card numbers.By convention, URLs that require an SSL connection start with https: instead of http:.
		Describes what SSL is and how it works.
	networking.webopedia.com /TERM/S/SSL.html (335 words)

	Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It's possible that it may work if the entire site was served up in SSL, from the first hit to the site...but there is no way to determine which functionality requires SSL, and which doesn't.
		The ideal situation is one where SSL can be required for a particular tab, and for login.
		When a site has a tab that requires SSL, a security token will be issued for the user in the form of a cookie...it will have the SecurityTokenGUID in it.
	www.dotnetnuke.com /LinkClick.aspx?link=654&mid=1534 (489 words)

	Netcraft: Netcraft SSL Survey
		VeriSign SSL Certificates enable secure sockets layer encryption via https for secure e-commerce.
		There is a sample pageset produced using the November 2004 data.
		SSL server market share by server and by vendor.
	news.netcraft.com /archives/2003/04/09/netcraft_ssl_survey.html (228 words)

	Buy SSL Secure Certificates here - Enetica Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Without one, you're potentially losing a lot of business, because most Internet users will refuse to provide personal information or conduct transactions on unsecured sites.
		SSL protects all communications with your customers, so you can take credit card orders, protect sensitive personal information, and ensure that hackers cannot detect passwords.
		Enetica offers 128-bit encryption on all our SSL certificates.
	ssl.enetica.com.au (146 words)

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