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	STOVL - Wikipédia
		STOVL é um acrónimo do inglês Short Take Off and Vertical Landing (decolagem curta e aterragem vertical).
		O STOVL permite ao avião transportar mais carga, comparado com o VTOL.
		STOVL use tends to allow aircraft to carry a larger payload as compared to during VTOL use, while still only requiring a short runway.
	pt.wikipedia.org /wiki/STOVL (218 words)

	STOVL - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		STOVL is an acronym for Short Take Off and Vertical Landing.
		The most famous example is probably the Hawker-Siddeley Harrier Jump Jet, which though technically a VTOL aircraft, is operationally a STOVL aircraft due to the extra weight it carries at take off for fuel and armaments.
		The same is true of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is operationally STOVL.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/STOVL (174 words)

	STOVL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		STOVL is an acronym for ' S hort T ake O ff and V ertical L 'anding.
		The most famous example is probably the Hawker Harrier Jump Jet, which though technically a VTOL aircraft, is operationally a STOVL aircraft due to the extra weight it carries at take off for fuel and armaments.
		Ditto for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is operationally STOVL.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-STOVL.html (162 words)

	Towards First Flight: STOVL JSF
		When the aircraft is hovering close to the ground, the engine inlet is shielded from the effects of hot gas ingestion by a curtain of cool air from the jet screen nozzle, which is located on the bottom of the fan duct.
		Pitch and yaw control during STOVL operations is maintained by separate auxiliary nozzles located in the aft section of the aircraft.
		All of the STOVL specific hardware on the X-32B weighs approximately 600 pounds and is eliminated on the X-32A and PWSC CTOL and CV variants of the aircraft.
	www.vtol.org /maddock-stovljsf-printer.htm (3293 words)

	Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine: A Leatherneck JSF Is Just Right, By Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Tomassetti, USMC
		The event that highlighted the performance of the STOVL variant in particular was a sortie we termed “Mission X.” The basic concept was to conduct an automatic short takeoff, climb to an altitude of 25,000 feet, make a level supersonic dash, and then return to the field for a vertical landing.
		STOVL aircraft have several advantages over conventional variants, the most important of which is basing flexibility.
		The JSF is a STOVL aircraft that will meet all these requirements, and fulfill all the needs of the joint force of which it might be a part, in the combat arenas of the near and distant future.
	www.usni.org /Proceedings/Articles02/PROtomassetti09.htm (1224 words)

	Aircraft Carriers Need Marine Air
		STOVL JSF aircraft could be attached to almost any Navy ship for a variety of missions.
		Imagine a pair of STOVL fighters detached to a cruiser to greatly expand the fleet air defense perimeter.
		Imagine STOVL fighters landing on destroyers to refuel, or sitting on their decks on alert rather than clogging a carrier's busy flight deck.
	g2mil.com /Carriers.htm (1723 words)

	Navy Matters \| Future Joint Combat Aircraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A decision between the USMC's STOVL F-35 variant and the USN's CV F-35 variant was not initially made, and although the STOVL variant had long been said to be "a strong contender", subsequent statements emphasised that both variants were still under consideration.
		The STOVL variant was finally formally selected by the UK on 30th September 2002, although this decision was put under review two years later when the F-35B variant encountered severe weight problems, and there are still (February 2005) persistent rumours that the UK remains interested in changing over to the F-35C.
		Given that STOVL has always been strongly preferred officially, it's somewhat surprising that opinion within the MoD is now split, and the DPA is having to put an improvised mechanism in place to decide between the two JSF variants.
	navy-matters.beedall.com /jca.htm (12645 words)

	Military.com Content
		Enter the STOVL JSF, the aircraft that has closed the fighter performance gap and does not suffer from funding inequities, possessing all of the V/STOL flexibility previously desired.
		The STOVL JSF is the single weapon platform that can provide enough flexibility to the sea base to ensure its tenets—to build, project, and sustain combat power—are realized and maximized.
		The design and composition of the Sea Basing family of vessels may be in flux, but the STOVL aircraft already is a funded requirement for the U.S. Marine Corps and the United Kingdom.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent1?file=NI_SeaBase_0903 (2951 words)

	Boeing X-32
		As the studies progressed, it was realised that a STOVL aircraft with the lift-fan removed and replaced by a large fuel tank would result in a fighter with excellent long range capability.
		Apart from the lift nozzles on the STOVL version, there are a number of design differences between the two airframe configurations.
		STOVL concept demonstrator for the USMC and Royal Navy.
	www.aeroflight.co.uk /types/usa/boeing/x-32/X-32.htm (1212 words)

	STOVL JSF ?? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By any measure, the performance of the X-35B STOVL demonstrator was strong enough to silence criticism of the safety and technical performance of a STOVL aircraft.
		STOVL aircraft could land on roads or other hard surfaces serving as impromptu forward arming and refueling points.
		If properly configured, even the smaller STOVL weapons bay will be able to carry up to six Small Diameter Bombs, plus air-to-air missiles, making it a flexible asset for air component tasking.
	www.talkaboutwars.com /group/alt.war/messages/112576.html (632 words)

	Navy Matters \| Future Aircraft Carrier Design
		STOVL aircraft do away with catapults and arrestor gear, allowing much simpler, smaller and cheaper aircraft carriers, but at the penalty of more complex aircraft with poorer performance due to the weight penalty of providing their STOVL capabilities.
		For example, a STOVL aircraft may not provide the same degree of all-aspect stealth that is achievable in a CTOL aircraft.
		STOVL aircraft are more sensitive to weight growth than CTOL aircraft because of their need to land vertically.
	frn.beedall.com /design.htm (2552 words)

	Rolls-Royce: Defence Aerospace
		STOVL technology development dates back to the early 1950s, when military leaders foresaw the rapid onset of weapons capability that would necessitate a new breed of defence fighters able to launch themselves from less accessible bases.
		First STOVL patents were registered in 1956, the Pegasus ran in 1959, and the Pegasus-powered Hawker P1127 (to become Harrier) flew for the first time the following year.
		The STOVL variant is one of three variants derived from a common design to ensure an affordable high-performance aircraft.
	www.rolls-royce.com /defence_aerospace/technology/default.jsp (603 words)

	Scoping Out the New Strike Fighter -- October 1998
		The STOVL variant happens to be the most technically difficult version to build, in that it will have to operate vertically, go supersonic, and still carry a credible weapon payload-a feat never before achieved in an airplane at any price.
		In the USAF and Navy versions of the Lockheed airplane, the lift fan behind the cockpit is deleted, and the vacant space is used for fuel or avionics.
		With Boeing's STOVL airplane, the chin intake can be expanded substantially to take in the huge amounts of air necessary to feed the voracious vertical-lift flight requirements.
	www.afa.org /magazine/oct1998/1098strike.asp (3594 words)

	The Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The STOVL version of the McDonnell Douglas JSF proposal featured a main engine with side nozzles under the rear fuselage that could be opened to provide vertical thrust, as well as a vectored exhaust that could be rotated 20 degrees in any direction, both to assist in short takeoffs and for enhanced flight maneuverability.
		The USMC and Royal Navy STOVL variants were to weigh 10 tonnes, though the wings were to be clipped, with a span of 9.15 meters (30 feet).
		Short takeoffs in the Harrier are a troublesome affair that require the pilot to have "three hands": one for the throttle, one for the stick, and the third for the lever that controls the direction of the Harrier's swiveling exhaust nozzles.
	www.faqs.org /docs/air/avf35.html (4485 words)

	Air Force Magazine
		Its desire for STOVL F-35s stems from a perceived need to have Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF)-owned aircraft based close to marines engaged in combat, whether it is on a beach, in a city, or far inland.
		Britain’s interest in STOVL JSF depends on sea basing, since the aircraft will be both a land- and a sea-based fighter and will influence the design of future British aircraft carriers.
		While the STOVL JSF endurance trade-off is far less than that for the Harrier, opting for STOVL still shortens the fighter’s legs.
	www.afa.org /magazine/march2005/0305fighter.asp (3152 words)

	VX-23 - Projects - Joint Strike Fighter Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		STOVL first flight is scheduled for the last quarter of calendar year 2005 and CV first flight will follow a year later in the fourth quarter of calendar year 2006.
		The STOVL aircraft is expected to be the first variant to demonstrate Initial Operational Capability (IOC) in early 2010, while the CV IOC is early 2012.
		The Lift Fan generates a column of cool air that produces nearly 20,000 pounds of lifting power using variable inlet guide vanes to modulate the airflow, along with an equivalent amount of thrust from the downward vectored rear exhaust to lift the aircraft.
	www.nawcad.navy.mil /strike/projects/jsf.cfm (1081 words)

	STOVL JSF: The next generation of Marine aviation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new aircraft is the Short Takeoff/Vertical Landing Joint Strike Fighter, or STOVL JSF.
		Because of the Marine Corps expeditionary mission, the STOVL version of the aircraft is necessary.
		STOVL offers basing flexibility, meaning it can land on a short strip of highway, an expeditionary airfield, or nearly anywhere it needs to, said Brown.
	www.dcmilitary.com /marines/hendersonhall/8_40/features/25691-1.html (565 words)

	Lockheed Martin X-35
		At the rear of the fuselage is a pitch-axis vectoring nozzle for the engine exhaust, which provides the remaining thrust to balance the aircraft.
		The STOVL version is 81% common in terms of airframe structure, while the CV version is only 62% common.
		The CTOL and STOVL versions have the same wing design, which has increased area compared to the X-35A/B. The CV version has much larger wings and tail surfaces and strengthened landing gear, including a twin wheel noseleg.
	www.aeroflight.co.uk /types/usa/lockheed_martin/x-35/X-35.htm (1304 words)

	The Royal Air Force - History Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Royal Air Force and Royal Navy are to get a force of the world's most advanced stealthy supersonic jump jets to equip both the new class of two large aircraft carriers and to fly from shore bases, Defence Procurement Minister Lord Bach announced today (30 Sep 02).
		STOVL aircraft are launched over a ski-jump and land vertically on aircraft carriers, as on the current Invincible class.
		The CV designs could be adapted to operate STOVL aircraft with minimum change and could be modified if necessary with catapults and arrestor gear to operate a future generation of assisted launch & recovery aircraft.
	www.raf.mod.uk /history/stovljsf.html (796 words)

	STOVL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		STOVL is an acronym for S hort T ake O ff and V ertical L anding.
		The most example is probably the Hawker Harrier Jump Jet which though technically a VTOL aircraft is operationally a STOVL aircraft to the extra weight it carries at off for fuel and armaments.
		The same true of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is STOVL.
	www.freeglossary.com /STOVL (242 words)

	Naval Institute Proceedings: STOVL JSFs Put Teeth in Sea Basing, by Major Andrew G. Shorter, U.S. Marine Corps
		This concept sets the stage for reducing the large overhead normally associated with sea-based tactical aviation to the point where it can be considered viable on many more seagoing platforms.
		Adoption and joint operational employment of the STOVL JSF will ensure that the capacity to enhance the sea bases' combat power through sustainment of airborne fires will be maximized.
		V/STOL and STOVL aircraft can operate from three to five times as many prepared airfields and unprepared expeditionary sites as conventional aircraft.
	www.usni.org /proceedings/Articles03/PROshorter09-2.htm (1921 words)

	STOVL Capability Upgraded in Glenn’s 9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel
		As part of a facility capability upgrade, a dynamic actuation system (DAS) was fabricated to enhance the STOVL testing capabilities.
		The DAS serves as the mechanical interface between the 9×15 LSWT test section structure and the STOVL model to be tested.
		It provides vertical and horizontal translation of the model in the test section and maintains the model attitude (pitch, yaw, and roll) during translation.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT2002/7000/7560stark.html (428 words)

	The STOVL Joint Strike Fighter in Support of the 21st Century Marine
		STOVL aircraft increase basing flexibility which is fundamental to the expeditionary nature of the Marine Corps and provides the foundation for improved responsiveness.
		The Navy-Marine Corps team must develop and refine STOVL employment concepts that includes ramps (ski jumps) and smaller EAFs and it must fund the hardware and structural improvements that allow STOVL aircraft to operate in their intended environment.
		The STOVL JSF may be the aircraft that the Marine Corps has been searching for since 1958 to finally silence the STOVL critics and perform all the missions envisioned for STOVL fighter/attack aircraft.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1997/Hancock.htm (9843 words)

	Royal Air Force - r7a51 - RAF Aircraft - Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) - CV - STOVL - CTOL
		The UK is to select either the Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (STOVL) or Carrier Variant (CV) version of JSF, or possibly both.
		The STOVL variant carries no internal gun, though an external gun is an option.
		The STOVL variant, designed to replace the AV-8B Harrier, has more than twice the range on internal fuel, operates at supersonic conditions, and houses internal weapons.
	www.armedforces.co.uk /raf/listings/l0045.html (448 words)

	QinetiQ achieves world's first automatic landing of a STOVL aircraft onto a ship
		Andrew Sleigh, QinetiQ MD Defence said: "The achievement takes automatic landing technology to a new level and is the latest advance of a long line in research by QinetiQ and its British predecessors.
		In 2002, QinetiQ's novel control laws, known as 'Unified', were also adopted onto the STOVL JSF aircraft.
		The technology behind this recent world first automatic landing of a STOVL is the latest in a long line of development, by QinetiQ and its predecessors of the capability on military and for civil aircraft.
	www.qinetiq.com /home/newsroom/news_releases_homepage/2005/2nd_quarter/QinetiQs_JSF_world_first.html (758 words)

	New Page 1
		The X-32B's first STOVL transitions were made at 9,500 feet altitude during the aircraft's third test flight at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., by Boeing test pilot Dennis O' Donoghue, who redirected the aircraft's engine thrust at 180 knots from the cruise nozzle to its lift nozzles and back again during the hour-long flight.
		Earlier, the X-35B had successfully completed hover-pit testing of its STOVL (short takeoff and vertical landing) propulsion system, and also had tested nozzle dynamic responses in a series of engine runs.
		Successful completion of the test series "not only positions the X-35B for STOVL flights this summer, but also means that no further engine development is needed to meet JSF STOVL requirements," said Harry Blot, deputy program manager for the Lockheed Martin JSF program.
	www.navyleague.org /seapower_mag/june2001/industrial_base.htm (1677 words)

	Rolls-Royce Lift as Boeing Completes JSF Flight Test Targets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Boeing JSF One Team, of which Rolls-Royce is a member, and the X-32B's lift system in particular came in for praise from Frank Statkus, Boeing Vice President and JSF General Manager.
		Key milestones in the X-32B programme included in-flight conversions from forward flight to STOVL operation at altitude, followed by hovers and vertical landings.
		Rolls-Royce expertise in this area is derived from its role in developing and producing the world's only operational STOVL engine, the Pegasus -- powerplant of the Harrier -- which has exceeded 1,500,000 flying hours in service with the UK, US, Spanish, Italian, Indian and Thai armed forces.
	www.theautochannel.com /news/2001/07/06/024708.html (428 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Aircraft Museum - F-35 Joint Strike Fighter
		Other changes to the F-35 CV version include larger fin and elevator surfaces, ailerons in addition to flaperons on the wing, enlarged control surfaces, a modified control system, strengthened landing gear, a catapult launch bar on the twin-wheel nose leg, an arrester hook, and a wing folding mechanism.
		This model is intended to replace the aging AV-8B and GR.5/7 Harrier II as well as the Harrier and Sea Harrier operated by the US Marines, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy.
		The Royal Navy may split its order between the F-35 STOVL and F-35 CV models as well since the larger F-35C models can be operated aboard the larger aircraft carriers due to enter service in the 2010s.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /aircraft/fighter/f35 (1279 words)

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