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	Saadia Gaon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saadia was in Aleppo, on his way from the East when he learned of Ben Meïr's regulation of the Jewish calendar, which endangered the unity of Judaism.
		Saadia addressed a warning to him, and in Babylon he placed his knowledge and pen at the disposal of the exilarch David ben Zakkai and the scholars of the academy, adding his own letters to those sent by them to the communities of the Diaspora (922).
		Saadia was attacked by the exilarch and by his chief adherent, the young but learned Aaron ibn Sargado, in Hebrew pamphlets, fragments of which show a hatred on the part of the exilarch and his partizans that did not shrink from scandal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saadia_Gaon (1578 words)

	saadia gaon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Saadia Gaon (892-942), the Hebrew name of Said al-Fayyumi, was a prominent Jewish exilarch, philosopher, and exegete.
		At age 20 Saadia completed his first great work, the Hebrew dictionary which he entitled "Agron." At 23 he composed a polemic against Anan ben David, thus beginning the activity which was to prove important in opposition to Karaism, in defense of traditional Judaism.
		Saadia addressed a warning to him, and in Babylon he placed his knowledge and pen at the disposal of the exilarch David ben Zakkai and the scholars of the academy, adding his own letters to those sent by them to the communities of the Diaspora (922 CE).
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Saadia_Gaon.html (1627 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - SAADIA B. JOSEPH (Sa'id al-Fayyumi): (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gaon of Sura and the founder of scientific activity in Judaism; born in Dilaẓ, Upper Egypt, 892; died at Sura 942.
		Saadia's enemies spread malicious stories, which probably had no basis in fact, regarding his origin; and both Ben Meïr and the pamphlets referring to the controversy of Saadia with the exilarch allude to the low calling followed by his father, and speak of his parent as a non-Jew.
		Saadia was attacked by the exilarch and by his chief adherent, the young but learned Aaron ibn Sargado, in Hebrew pamphlets, fragments of which show a degree of hatred on the part of the exilarch and his partizans that did not shrink from scandal.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=4&letter=S&search=Saadia (5144 words)

	SEADIAH BEN JOSEPH - LoveToKnow Article on SEADIAH BEN JOSEPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Saadias literary work is in fact the more remarkable since it suddenly appears at a time when learning seemed to be dead both in East and West.
		Saadia, who was then at Baghdad, warned him of his errors, refuted him in a work called Sefer ha-Md'adim (the Book of the Festivals), and finally procured his excommunication by David ben Zakkai, the exilarch or head of the Jewish community in Babylonia.
		That some of the many works of Saadia, in spite of their merits, have been neglected, and others partly or entirely lost, is not as surprising as it appears at first sight.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SE/SEADIAH_BEN_JOSEPH.htm (2760 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - SAADIA: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Matthews proves in "A Commentary on Ezra and Nehemiah" (Oxford, 1882) that the author of the latter commentary is identical with Saadia, the author of the commentary on Daniel.
		As is the Talmudic method of interpretation, Saadia often explains foreign nouns as well as Hebrew proper names by resolving them into the syllables of which they are constructed.
		Although Saadia knew Arabic, Porges thinks he at least resided in Italy, as he mentions very often the Lombardians and Romans, and speaks of the book "Zerubbabel," which was written in Italy.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1&letter=S (586 words)

	Saadia Gaon
		Saadia Gaon lived in Babylonia from 882-942 CE under Muslim rule.
		Aaron ben Meir, the gaon of the Palestinian Jewish community, tried reclaiming some of that authority in 921 CE by introducing a new three-year Jewish calendar which changed the date of both Passover and Rosh HaShanah.
		Saadia wrote a civil letter asking that ben Meir not go changing things which had worked so well for the past 400 years and were not of Palestine's business anyway.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/SaadiaGaon.html (877 words)

	Saadia ben Joseph Al-Fayyumi (892-942)
		Saadia was strongly influenced by Mutakallimun (Mutazilite affirmation of G's unity, human freedom, providence, sinner in intermediate state between infidel and true believer, human obligation to do good and prevent evil; Asharites affirmed G's absolute omnipotence, evanescent atomism) contemporaries.
		Saadia considers possibility of other earths but his Aristotelian science keeps him from taking the idea seriously since he thinks all e.g., would fall towards his one earth.
		Saadia takes it as axiomatic and necessary that a maker must be temporally prior to the made.
	webserver.lemoyne.edu /~kagan/saadhtm.htm (738 words)

	Glossary of Personalities
		As a mark of nearly universal reverence, the title gaon, borne by the heads of the Babylonian academies and virtually extinct for many centuries, was bestowed upon him by the people.
		Saadia was head of the Academy at Sura.
		Saadia advanced in his teachings and writings the basic Torah concepts of affirmation of God's unity, human freedom, providence, sinner in intermediate state between infidel and true believer, human obligation to do good and prevent evil and affirmation of God's absolute omnipotence.
	www.tworoadsonepath.com /html/glossarypersonality.html (638 words)

	Saadia Gaon's Kavod Nivra
		Saadia's doctrine of the kavod nivra & its discontents A. Its createdness 1.
		Saadia's theory radically alters the character of these prophetic revelations, as they are no longer revelations of Gcd, and in so doing problematizes the doctrines of revelation as inherited from Saadia's predecessors and as interpreted by his successers.
		The idea is derived from Saadia whose doctrine of divine glory was intended to serve as an explanation of the Biblical anthropomorphisms and the appearance of Gcd in the vision of the prophets....
	www.metatronics.net /lit/saadia.html (5895 words)

	Rabbi Scheinerman's Home Page - Saadia Gaon
		Saadia accept the notion that reason is a legitimate standard for truth and set out to demonstrate that the Torah is compatible with philosophical reason.
		Saadia defended rabbinic authority against the claims of the Karaites, going so far as to declare that they were not Jews.
		Saadia tells us that if we examine these laws closely we will discover that they do, in fact, yield benefits for individuals and society, though sometimes these benefits are not immediately apparent.
	scheinerman.net /judaism/personalities/saadia.html (810 words)

	Jewish Calendar Postponement Controversy in 921 C.E.
		To the charges of the Geonim and of Saadia he replied in a disrespectful and aggressive tone, denying their authority in matters of the calendar, which, he claimed, should be left, as in former times, in the hands of Palestinian scholars.
		Saadia again addressed a letter to his pupils in Egypt, and probably also to various communities elsewhere imploring them to remain steadfast and to abide by the regulations of the Geonim.
		Saadia retaliates by adorning Ben Meir with the epithets "the obscurantist," and "the accursed one," both in satiric allusion to the name "Meir".
	www.abcog.org /saadia.htm (4618 words)

	Saadia ben Joseph al-Fayumi Biography / Biography of Saadia ben Joseph al-Fayumi Biography Biography
		Little is known of the early life of Saadia ben Joseph except that he was born in Egypt, lived for sometime in Palestine, and finally settled in the Jewish communities of Babylonia.
		Saadia's numerous works were written for the most part in Arabic, which had become the vernacular and literary language of eastern Jews.
		Saadia's health was broken by the continual controversies which surrounded his leadership of the Sura Academy, and he died in 942.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-saadia-ben-joseph-al-fayumi (644 words)

	"The Mathematical Experience" by Philip J Davis & Reuben Hersh
		Sa'id ibn Yusuf (Saadia Gaon), philosopher, theologian, prominent leader of Babylonian Jewry, was born in the Faiyum district of Egypt.
		Saadia is fascinating because in him can be seen not only the mathematics of his day, but in his systematic theology there were already present the methods, the drives, the processes of thought which characterize nineteenth and twentieth-century mathematics.
		In sum, in Saadia's chapter on God, one finds the process of abstraction, the use of the syllogism including some interesting logical devices as "proof by contradiction." There are also certain logical concepts which have become standard since Russell and Whitehead such as the formation of the unit class consisting of a sole element.
	www.fortunecity.com /emachines/e11/86/mathex4a.html (1983 words)

	Articles - Emunoth ve-Deoth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is thought that Saadia closely followed the rules of the Motazilites - the rationalistic dogmatists of Islam - in the structure of the work, as well as, in part, basing his thesis and arguments on their works.
		The thesis of the absolute unity of God is established by a refutation of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, which arises, in Saadia's opinion, from a misinterpretation of the three attributes of God already named: life, power, and knowledge.
		In its opening portion Saadia postulates the anthropocentric doctrine which regards man as the object of all creation; and at its close he explains under eight headings those passages of the Bible which might cause doubt regarding the freedom of the acts of man. See Free will In Jewish thought.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Emunoth_ve-Deoth?mySession=8860b9cbde0e78119499ffd122d76f16 (1332 words)

	Saadia Gaon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		(vii.) Here Saadia refutes the objections made, on the basis of nature, reason, and the Bible, to the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead, and presents the proof for it contained in tradition.
		(ix.) Saadia demonstrates that the recompenses of the world to come are proved by reason, the Bible, and tradition, and answers various questions bearing upon this subject.
		(x.) The system of ethics contained in the appendix is based for the most part on a description and criticism of thirteen different objects of life, to which Saadia adds his own counsels for rational and moral living.
	usapedia.com /s/saadia-gaon.html (2627 words)

	Intellectual Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Saadia ben Joseph al-Fayumi is considered "the greatest Gaon of all times" and is well know as Saadia Gaon.
		Saadia was successful in bringing the numerous "semi-assimilated" Jews back to the teachings of the Torah and halachah.
		Saadia declared that the Karaities were not Jews at all in his defense of rabbinic authority.
	www.smcm.edu /users/rasanford/2NDPAG~1.htm (427 words)

	AllRefer.com - Saadia ben Joseph al-Fayumi (Judaism, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He was the head of the great Jewish Academy at Sura, Babylonia, which under his leadership became the highest seat of Jewish learning, and a vigorous opponent of the Karaites.
		Saadia's Book of Language laid the foundation of Hebrew grammar; he also wrote a Hebrew dictionary, the Agron, and made an Arabic translation of the Old Testament that became the standard version for all Arabic-speaking Jews and exerted an important influence upon Muslims as well.
		Writing in a period of spiritual doubt and confusion, Saadia attempts in this work to defend Jewish religious faith on the basis of rational argument, using the methods of Islamic speculative theology known as kalam.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Saadiabe.html (305 words)

	Librarian's Lobby October 2000 Heroes of learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Saadia ben Yosef Gaon (882-942) was born in Egypt and served as the leader of the Babylonian Jewish community.
		Saadia and his followers said, Thursday, and his dismissed the halakhic arguments of Ben-Meir.
		Saadia eventually won establishing both his interpretation of the calendar and the importance of the Babylonian academies.
	home.earthlink.net /~ddstuhlman/crc35.htm (1210 words)

	[No title]
		"Saadia Gaon and Maimonides on the Use of Wine" (Hebrew), Koroth, Vol.
		"The Exegeses of R. Saadia Gaon in the Derashot of R. Joshua ibn Shu`eib" (Hebrew), Le-Rosh Yosef - Texts and Studies in Judaism dedicated to Rabbi Yosef Qafih, Jerusalem 1995, pp.
		"The Binding of Isaac in R. Sa`adia Gaon`s Polemic against Islam" (Hebrew), in: M. Hallamish, H. Kasher and Y. silman (eds.), The Faith of Abraham in the Light of Interpretation throughout the Ages, Bar-Ilan University Press, Ramat-Gan 2002, pp.
	www.biu.ac.il /faculty/eli/publ.html (1422 words)

	Saadia Gaon : The Book of Beliefs and Opinions (Yale Judaica Series)
		In the 10th century, Saadia Gaon, a Babylonian Torah scholar, wrote this book to address a wide variety of topics, using both reason and scripture.
		One interesting sidelight: Saadia addresses a dozen alternative theories, and implies that the first alternative is the most credible, the second is the second most credible, and that the last is the weakest.
		In this chapter, Saadia also defends the validity of Scripture and related traditions, on the ground that if people did not accept authentic tradition, they could not believe anything beyond what their senses perceived - for example, they could not be certain that a law was in fact issued by the government (p.
	digital-cameras.buy24.us /books/isbn0300044909.html (1385 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Daily Life: Medieval Jewish Philosophers on
		This medieval philosopher combined Saadia’s division of the mitzvot with his division of “duties of the members of the body” (chovot ha-evarim) and “duties of the hearts(chovot ha-levavot).
		The so-called “duties of the members of the body” are of two kinds: duties obligatory by virtue of reason, and duties neither prohibited nor rejected by reason (e.g., the prohibition of eating milk and meat together).
		One main difference between this philosopher and Saadia lies in the fact that the former does not attempt to explain the “revelational laws” in terms of their usefulness.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /daily_life/About_Jewish_Daily_Life/Mitzvot/Classical_Understandings_of_Mitzvot/Mdievl_J_Philos_on_Mitzvot.htm (1218 words)

	Directory - Society: Philosophy: Philosophers: S: Saadia Gaon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Saadia Gaon's Kavod Nivra and Its Place in His Philosophy of Judaism · cached · A 1994 paper by Jay Michaelson, analyzing Saadia's reinterpretation of revelation.
		Rabbi Saadia Gaon · cached · Short article on this Jewish leader in historical context.
		Saadia ben Joseph Al-Fayyumi · Notes on this medieval Babylonian scholar's views of creation and revelation.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=1164812 (167 words)

	Opposing the Rabbis
		Saadia Gaon's statement that its absurd was a minority view, all others believed in reincarnation.
		Maimonides, Saadia Gaon and the Vilna Gaon for example, went against many mainstream views.
		Maimonides, Saadia Gaon and the Vilna Gaon were independent thinkers, and held their views rightfully, as it is G-d's will that man follow his mind, not people.
	www.mesora.org /opposingrabbis.html (292 words)

	Adventures in Philosophy: A Brief History of Jewish Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		And so it became Saadia's purpose to teach not only his Jewish co-religionists but also Islamic and Christian thinkers that faith is not opposed to reason but only to pseudo-reason.
		Acquainted with Greek philosophy, the various formulations of the Christian dogma, the doctrines of the Manicheans, of Zoroaster and even with the philosophy of India, Saadia developed the idea that Judaism is compatible with all truth, whatever its source.
		Saadia was also a learned mathematician and a trained philologist, and he was the first to compose a Hebrew grammar and an Order of Prayer.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphiljewish1.htm (1700 words)

	Torah Attitude
		Before the great Gaon left, it was brought to the attention of his host, the real identity of his guest.
		He was terribly embarrassed and begged Rabbi Saadia to forgive him that he had not treated him as fitting such a great personality.
		The Gaon answered that he had no reason to ask for forgiveness as he had treated him with respect and made him very comfortable.
	www.shemayisrael.co.il /parsha/kahn/archives/achrei64.htm (1579 words)

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