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Topic: Sabir language

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	Ethnologue report for language code:bgn
		Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%.
		Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%.
		Turkmen is used as the literary language in Turkmenistan.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=bgn (123 words)

	Linguistics 201: Language Contact Studies
		The metaphor of mother and daughter languages is inadequate for describing the effects of languages interacting and mixing. Many problems in historical linguistics have not been solved because the effects of language mixing have not been given proper attention.
		A mild example of intentional language divergence can be seen in the efforts by the French Academ of Language to expel English words from their language to preserve the "purity," of French, or recent in Kazakh efforts to replace Russianisms.
		Language shift creoles are mixtures of two languages, whereas pidgin-based creoles are mixtures of several languages, one of which often acts as the basic source.
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ling201/test3materials/LanguageMixing.htm (1188 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Lingua
		SABIR Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language...
		Its vocabulary is drawn mainly from the southern ROMANCE LANGUAGES, and it was used from the time of the Crusades (11–13c) until the beginning of the 20c...
		Its status as a de facto national language is largely due to the long dominance of the Ethiopian monarchy by Amhara...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Lingua&StartAt=11 (1255 words)

	Terrorism Crimes Blog-McNabb Associates, P.C.
		Sabir was arrested in 2005, accused with three others in a plot to assist terrorist organizations from 2003 to 2005.
		According to Judge Preska, Sabir is not merely charged for being a doctor or for performing medical services, but instead he has “essentially … volunteered as a medic for the al-Qaida military, offering to make himself available specifically to attend to the wounds of injured fighters,'' she said.
		She also rejected arguments by Sabir's lawyer, Edward Wilford, that the law would subject doctors to prosecution for treating a terrorist randomly at a hospital, or members of a group like Doctors Without Borders.
	www.terrorismcrimesblog.com /2007/01/rafiq-sabir-and-doctors-are-not.html (693 words)

	optimal auxiliary language guidelines
		English and some other languages have very complex systems of prosodics; not only is it difficult to predict which syllable of a polysyllabic word will be stressed, it is also difficult to predict how a certain pitch contour might affect the interpretation of a phrase.
		The language should be designed so that all compounds can be unambiguously divided into their constituent morphemes, and so that no single morpheme can be mistaken for a combination of several morphemes.
		In some constructed languages, it is necessary to memorize whether a verb is inherently transitive or intransitive, and affixes are used to convert transitive verbs to intransitive and vice versa.
	www.rickharrison.com /language/optimal.html (5580 words)

	Lingua franca Article, Linguafranca Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They claim that English and other natural languages, being ethnically derived, are not suitable for a commonlanguage, since each ethnic language contains caveats and idiosyncracies that hamper their ability to be learned, and sinceethnic languages confer an automatic advantage to native speakers in interaction between native speakers and non-nativespeakers.
		Lingua Franca (Italian meaning " Frankish language ") or Sabir ("to know") was an early pidgin language, used in the Mediterranean area from the 14th century or earlier andstill in use in the 20th century.
		It was the language used between slaves and their captors in the bagnio of Algiers.
	www.anoca.org /languages/language/lingua_franca.html (624 words)

	Doctor Guilty Of Pledging Aid to Qaeda - May 22, 2007 - The New York Sun
		The prosecution's case against Sabir, of Boca Raton, Fla., was based on a meeting he attended in a Bronx apartment in 2005 at which an agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation was posing as a recruiter for Al Qaeda.
		Sabir ended the meeting by pledging an oath of loyalty to Al Qaeda in Arabic, according to the tape.
		Sabir testified that, due to his limited Arabic, he did not know to whom he was swearing the oath according to news reports of his testimony.
	www.nysun.com /article/54938 (463 words)

	Lingua franca
		They claim that English and other natural languages, being ethnically derived, are not suitable for a common language, since each ethnic language contains caveats and idiosyncracies that hamper their ability to be learned, and since ethnic languages confer an automatic advantage to native speakers in interaction between native speakers and non-native speakers.
		Constructed languages tend to base their premise of universality on the assumption of a need for extreme simplicity, and the premise that non-native speakers should not be at a disadvantage.
		Their advocates claim that idiosyncratic elements as presented in ethnic languages are a major obstacle to a functional degree of use in that language.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/l/li/lingua_franca.html (803 words)

	Doctors can't treat terrorists: US judge - Breaking News - World - Breaking News
		Dr Rafiq Abdus Sabir is accused of agreeing to treat al-Qaeda members, but he has claimed it is unconstitutional to prosecute a doctor for providing medical services.
		Sabir was arrested in 2005, accused with three others in a plot to assist terrorist organisations from 2003 to 2005.
		She also rejected arguments by Sabir's lawyer, Edward Wilford, that the law would subject to prosecution doctors who treat a terrorist randomly at a hospital or members of a group like Doctors Without Borders.
	www.smh.com.au /news/World/Doctors-cant-treat-terrorists-US-judge/2007/01/31/1169919376099.html (397 words)

	Dave’s Blog » Creolization and Cognitive Theories of Language Acquisition (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Characteristically, pidgins are not fully developed languages in that they only possess the most limited of grammar and syntactic structures along with a simplified subset of vocabularies borrowed from their base languages (Holm 1998, p4-5).
		Sabir: a mix of European and Mid-eastern languages used by medieval mariners); a more significant number, however, arise during times of war or colonization, when forced labor or land occupation induce cohabitation between speakers of varying native tongues and no other ways to communicate.
		The weakness of the “language reinforcement” hypothesis put forth by verbal behaviorism was also asserted through sheer observation: a young child does not, in fact, learn new words solely by repeating them in the presence of older individuals who repeatedly correct him.
	unknowngenius.com /blog/papers/creolization-and-cognition (2706 words)

	Languages of Algeria Information
		The Berber languages (or Berber language) are spoken in many parts of Algeria, but mainly in Kabylie and around Batna; according to the 1966 census, 19% of Algerians speak Berber.
		The "Sabir" Lingua Franca, a mixture of many Mediterranean languages, was once widespread as a means of communication with foreigners in the ports; after 1830, it gradually disappeared, its functions taken over by French.
		Latin itself, of course, was the language of the Roman occupation; it became widely spoken in the coastal towns, and Augustine attests that in his day it was gaining ground over Punic.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Languages_of_Algeria (830 words)

	West Boca doctor testifies he believes in holy war: South Florida Sun-Sentinel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sabir was arrested in 2005 after an FBI agent posing as an al-Qaida recruiter recorded him taking an oath of allegiance to Osama bin Laden.
		Sabir has said he thought the oath, given in Arabic, was a declaration of religious faith, and missed references to al-Qaida and Islamic fighters because he didn't know the language well.
		Sabir, a polygamist who has had four wives, though never more than two at once, also appeared unapologetic as he talked about a domestic dispute in 2002.
	www.sun-sentinel.com /news/local/palmbeach/sfl-psabir12may12,0,2031943.story?track=rss (538 words)

	Pakistani languages other than Urdu- Guidelines and Priorities: South Asian Language and Resource Center
		There was general agreement that all these languages should be made more accessible, but that one strategy would not fit all.
		For some languages abundant material exists but is not readily accessible or easy for students to use.
		It was agreed that the most productive strategy in the case of languages enjoying less demand would be to develop databases of texts, plus (where possible) audio and video files, together with the coordinates of scholars working on them who would be willing to be contacted by others.
	salrc.uchicago.edu /grants/guidelines/pakistani.shtml (765 words)

	BBC - Press Office - Sabir Mustafa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In June 2001, Sabir was appointed the Head of the BBC Bengali service and during that time acted as Managing Editor for South Asia.
		Sabir is currently the Acting Executive Editor of the Asia Pacific Region and is due to resume his position as Head of the BBC Bengali service in January 2005.
		Sabir completed a BA (Hons) degree in International Studies from the North Staffordshire Polytechnic before returning to Bangladesh in 1988.
	www.bbc.co.uk /pressoffice/biographies/biogs/worldservice/sabirmustafa.shtml (186 words)

	[No title]
		Sabir has testified he did not know the oath was to the terror organization.
		Sabir said he did not know al-Qaida was connected to many of them, including the August 2000 bombing of the USS Cole, which killed 17 American sailors, and the 1998 twin bombings of U.S. embassies in Africa, which killed 224 people, 12 of them Americans.
		Sabir said he never heard al-Qaida mentioned by the FBI agent who posed as a terror recruiter and administered an oath to Sabir and Shah even though the agent said the name of the terror group several times.
	www.jacksonville.com /apnews/stories/051007/D8P1PN200.shtml (819 words)

	REVIEWS: The sun over the mountains -DAWN - Books and Authors; November 25, 2007
		The Pakhtoon writers in Pakistan are infamous for cramming the language with Urdu, Persian and English words and phrases.
		In this backdrop, the contributions of the tribal poets and writers are really valuable in a sense that they maintain the purity of the language along with that of the idea and also preserve words and phrases of their respective dialects.
		However, there is a slip in the layout and the note by Syed Sabir Shah Sabir on the back page on Jehanzeb Niaz has nothing to do with the book.
	www.dawn.com /weekly/books/books10.htm (894 words)

	Community
		Sabir Raza, a famous poet and Punjabi novelist and president of Karvan-e-Adab, started the convention’s proceedings.
		Dr. Riaz Majid presented a paper on the technicalities and difficulties of the Punjabi language of the past and the present.
		Sabir Raza is gaining popularity and recognition in the Urdu and Punjabi literary circles.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Community/2005/Sep05/15/01.HTM (600 words)

	Las Vegas SUN: Judge: Doctor Can't Treat Terrorists
		U.S. District Judge Loretta A. Preska ruled against Sabir's motions to dismiss the indictment at a pretrial hearing on Jan. 17, and explained herself in a written decision released Tuesday.
		The judge said Sabir is not charged merely for being a doctor or for performing medical services.
		"Here, Sabir is alleged essentially to have volunteered as a medic for the al-Qaida military, offering to make himself available specifically to attend to the wounds of injured fighters," she said.
	www.lasvegassun.com /sunbin/stories/nat-gen/2007/jan/30/013009452.html (345 words)

	CRC activities (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During 1996-1997, 23.919 pupils were taught the Talysh language, 16.350 pupils the Lezghin language, 1.090 pupils the Tsakhur language, 4.082 pupils the Avar language, 517 pupils the Udin language and 162 pupils the Khynalyg language.
		The Turkic language as the state language of the republic is used in all spheres of political, economic, public, scientific and cultural life and functions for international communication on the territory of the republic.
		The legal status, the sphere of language usage in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the principles of the adoption of languages spoken by peoples living on its territory are determined by the supreme bodies of state power of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
	crc.aznet.org /crc/SLD001.HTM (4113 words)

	Columbia-Educated Doctor Will Argue He Had To Help Al Qaeda - August 21, 2006 - The New York Sun
		This legal defense by the accused doctor, Rafiq Sabir, is outlined for the first time in court papers submitted recently in Manhattan.
		In a Bronx apartment in late May 2005, Dr. Sabir swore fealty to Osama bin Laden and pledged to provide medical assistance to jihadists who were wounded while training, a criminal complaint charged.
		Sabir's attorneys, Edward Wilford and Natali Todd, argue that the prosecution is unconstitutional because it impinges on a doctor's ability to practice medicine.
	www.nysun.com /article/38227 (437 words)

	Terror suspect admits support for holy war - International Terrorism - MSNBC.com
		Sabir has said he thought the oath, given in Arabic, was a routine declaration of religious faith, and missed the references to al-Qaida and Islamic fighters because he didn’t really know the language.
		Hou asked Sabir about his training in martial arts and several swords and a hunting arrow found at his house; Sabir explained that he was only a collector.
		Sabir, who is expected to be on the witness stand again Monday, could face up to 30 years in prison if convicted of providing material support to a terrorist organization.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/18620880 (674 words)

	Judge: Doctor Can't Treat Terrorists
		"Here, Sabir is alleged essentially to have volunteered as a medic for the al-Qaida military, offering to make himself available specifically to attend to the wounds of injured fighters," she said.
		U.S. District Judge Loretta A. Preska ruled against Sabir's motions to dismiss the indictment at a pretrial hearing on Jan. 17, and explained herself in a written decision released Tuesday.
		The judge said Sabir is not charged merely for being a doctor or for performing medical services.
	www.wtopnews.com /index.php?nid=251&sid=1048674&sidelines=1 (617 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Persia
		Although the latter half of the fourth and the beginning of the fifth century was a period of so much distress in the Eastern provinces, which were exposed to the growing ambition of Persia, it was a time of extension of the Christian Church and of literary activity.
		Even the Persian language of today, notwithstanding the immense influence exercised upon it by Arabic, is still the lineal offspring of the language spoken by Cyrus, Darius, and the Sassanian kings.
		The history of the Persian language falls, therefore, into three well-defined periods, as follows: The Achæmenian Period (550-331 B.C.), represented by the edicts and proclamations contained in the Persian cuneiform inscriptions, which, though of considerable extent, are similar in character and style and yield a vocabulary of about 400 words.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11712a.htm (14934 words)

	Hungarians on the Net
		It is evident that the language element is absolutely not a sufficient basis to establish the origin of peoples, since language can be lost and adopted from other non-related cultures (for example, Yiddisch, a German-based tongue, became for centuries the language of European Jews, who are Semitic).
		Taking language as the starting point, we have to consider on one side the whole complex of peoples that may be regarded as Huns (Hunogurs, Bulgars, Magyars, Sabirs, etc) and on the other side, the relationship between Sumerians, Scythians, Hurrites and Elamites.
		The Magyar and Sabir peoples' names have been found in Northern Mesopotamia since the dawn of history, and then their traces lead eastwards to the Turkestan, where even today there are geographic names which attest their presence.
	groups.msn.com /HungariansontheNet/thehuns.msnw (1775 words)

	Sabir Festival - Circolo Mediterraneo di Conversazione
		Sabìr, in a word, was the lingua franca that sailors, pirates, fishermen, traders and shipbuilders spoke in Mediterranean ports to overcome linguistic barriers.
		From Genoa to Tangiers, from Salonica to Istanbul, from Valencia to Algiers, everyone spoke this basic language that represented a sort of maritime Esperanto, formed bit by bit borrowing terms and expressions from the different countries that face on to the basin..
		It was first documented in an article “La langue sabir”, which appeared in “L’Algérien, journal des intérêts de l’Algérie” in 1852; but it was probably suggested by the Turkish jargon of the “Bourgeois Gentilhomme” by Molière (in scene V of act IV the Mufti begins his song by saying: “Se ti sabir, ti respondir”).
	www.esperia.it /Sabirfestival/perchesabir_eng.htm (248 words)

	Search Results for "Sabir"
		...The earliest documented pidgin is the Lingua Franca (or Sabir) that developed among merchants and traders in the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages; it remained in...
		...Such a language frequently is used primarily for commercial purposes.
		Examples are the several varieties of the hybrid pidgin English (see pidgin); Swahili, a native...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/65search?query=Sabir (127 words)

	Khaleej Times Online - Pakistani police say suspect arrested in suicide attack that killed 11 French engineers
		Sabir tried to flee and fired a pistol at police before he was arrested.
		Sabir is believed to be a bomb maker and is suspected to have packed a car with explosives which was blown up in front of Karachi’s Sheraton hotel May 8, 2002, killing the French nationals and four other people.
		Sabir, in his 30s, is allegedly a member of the outlawed Harkat Jihad-e-Islami militant group.
	www.khaleejtimes.com /DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/subcontinent/2005/September/subcontinent_September316.xml§ion=subcontinent&col= (297 words)

	All About Jazz - The Definitive Resource for Jazz Music
		The foursome is no run of the mill quartet that plays a couple of sets at the Vanguard (although I am certain they would blow the roof off the place).
		In the underground, TEST (Daniel Carter, Tom Bruno, Mat Heyner, and Sabir Mateen) was lauded for their guerilla warfare like, impromptu concerts in subway stations.
		SABIR MATEEN: I always liked music since I was young when I was singing in choirs and stuff like that.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /iviews/smateen2002.htm (3531 words)

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