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	Sack of Rome (1527) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Almost the entire guard was massacred by troops of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V on the steps of St Peter's Basilica.
		Of 189 guards on duty only 42 survived, but their bravery ensured that Clement VII escaped to safety, down the passetto di Borgo, a secret corridor which still links the Vatican City to Castel Sant'Angelo.
		In commemoration of the Sack and the Guard's bravery, new recruits to the Swiss Guard are sworn in on 6 May every year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sacco_di_Roma (547 words)

	The Library of Phyllis Pray Bober
		Corso di storia dell’arte moderna I. 154, (4)pp.
		L’antichità di Roma di Andrea Fulvio antiquiario romano, di nuouo con ogni diligenza corretta and ampliata, con gli adornamenti di disegni de gli edificij antichi and moderni; con le aggiuntioni and annotationi di Girolamo Ferrucci Romano....
		A cura di Silvia Bottaro, Anna Dagnino, Giovanna Rotondi Terminiello.
	www.arslibri.com /BoberLibrary.htm (3599 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In produzioni di uno stesso autore, apparse anche a distanza di molti anni l'una dall'altra, ritrovasi sempre qualche analogia, qualche difetto, alcun che di speciale, quasi direbbesi di proprio, che le riavvicina e riunisce; nulla di ciò tra il _Guerino_ e le _Rime_, anzi una succinta critica forse allontanerebbe molto l'uno dalle altre.
		Archivio di Stato in Siena, Decreti, polizze, ecc.
		XXXI-XXXVI furono rinvenuti nell'Archivio di Stato di Siena dal compianto Luciano Banchi.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext04/8tlda10.txt (12557 words)

	03 May History: This Date
		In seguito all'indebolimento di papa Clemente VII dopo il sacco di Roma (1527), a Firenze venne restaurata la Repubblica, ma Machiavelli non fu chiamato a ricoprirvi incarichi.
		From this time also dates the comedy first entitled Commedia di Callimaco e di Lucrezia, later La Mandragola (1518), in which the wickedness and corruption of men, particularly of the clergy, are the subject of laughter — but of a bitter and painful laughter that is never an end in itself.
		Favola di Belfagor arcidiavolo _ Questa novella, conosciuta anche col titolo Il demonio che prese moglie, fu scritta dal Machiavelli in data non certa, ma molto probabilmente compresa - secondo gli studiosi - tra gli anni 1518 e 1527.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/history/h4may/03mcyavl.html (1699 words)

	Bibliography of Italian Art and Culture: History
		Edizione di 515 esemplari numerati dei quali 15 in carta a mano di lusso.
		Propositioni, overo considerationi in materia di cose di stato, sotto titolo di auuertimenti, auuedimenti ciuili, and concetti politici.
		Opera di Benedetto Varchi ora per la prima volta raccolte, con un discorso di A. Racheli intorno alla fililofia del secolo XVI e alla vita e agli scritti dell'autore, aggiuntevi de Lettere di Gio.
	www.lib.utk.edu /spcoll/italy/history.html (2094 words)

	Bibliography for Vittoria Colonna Poets
		Roma: Istituto Storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea: 1979.
		While Pompeo Colonna was not a poet, he was cousin and close friend to Vittoria for many years, and this treatise in defense of women's learning is dedicated to and we glimpse aspects of Colonna's character again and again.
		Quattro documenti Estratti dall'Archivio Colonna, Nozze di Vittoria Colonna con Leone Caetani, Principe di Teano.
	mason.gmu.edu /~emoody/vcbiblio.html (3486 words)

	Rome, Italy
		It lies in latitude 41°52' north and longitude 12°30' east, some 20km/12mi from the Tyrrhenian Sea in the middle of the hilly Campagna di Roma, on the River Tiber (Tevere), the third longest river in Italy (after the Po and the Adige).
		Already known in ancient times as the Eternal City (Roma aeterna), Rome was for a millennium and a half the cultural center of Europe and the scene of great historical events.
		After the occupation and sacking of Rome by Charles V's forces in 1527 ("Sacco di Roma"), which drove away almost all the city's artists, recovery was slow.
	www.planetware.com /italy/rome-i-la-r.htm (2058 words)

	Ranuzzi Family: A Preliminary Inventory of Their Manuscripts at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
		Entrata fatta in Roma dal Duca di Crequi...
		Differenze passate tra la Corte di Roma e gli ambasciatori delle corone per conto di gabelle o di franchigie e promozioni di Cardinali.
		Bound with this: Della venuta del signor Duca di Datruil, ambasciatore dal Re di Polonia, a Roma; lettera di raguaglio...della conversione della Regina di Svezia...; dello stato presente della religione christiana in Europa [tradotto dal francese].
	www.lib.utexas.edu /taro/uthrc/00254/00254p1-P.html (4186 words)

	historians
		Died 25th February 1890 - Following his father's footsteps he devoted the greater part of his life to studies of history, archaeology, genealogy and heraldry, in which his native country held the foremost part.
		All’alba di quel giorno si interruppe il cammino terreno di Aonio Paleario, ma non si interruppe la lunga catena di uomini e donne di Dio pronti a difendere e a diffondere l’Evangelo.
		Presso l'Universita di Firenze vi è il "Il fondo Mussafia", raccolto in una quindicina di contenitori e dapprima depositato presso l'Università di Vienna, fu donato all'Istituto nel 1925 da Pio Rajna, che lo aveva ricevuto in legato dalla vedova di Mussafia.
	www.florin.ms /historians.html (3224 words)

	[No title]
		All the members of this family from the beginning were reported to have died an evil death twenty-seven on one occasion together; their houses were said to have been once before levelled to the ground, and the streets of Perugia paved with the bricks and more of the same kind.
		Even the sons and brothers of the duke trembled before this man; the fines he inflicted amounted to hundreds and thousands of ducats, and torture was applied even before the hearing of a case: bribes were accepted from wealthy criminals, and their pardon obtained from the duke by false representations.
		When in 1469 Borso's privy councillor Lodovico Casella died, no court of law or place of business in the city, and no lecture-room at the University, was allowed to be open: all had to follow the body to San Domenico, since the duke intended to be present.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext00/corii10.txt (17962 words)

	States of the Church
		As John had died before Otto entered Rome, the German king, whom the Romans had asked to propose a candidate, designated, on the advice of the princes, his relative, the young Bruno, who was then elected at Rome and graced the papal chair as Gregory V (996-99).
		The emperors son Enzio, commander-in-chief in Central and Upper Italy, was captured by the Bolognese in 1249.
		The emperor himself died in 1250, and his son Conrad IV died a few years later (1254).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/states_of_church.html (12081 words)

	Ranuzzi Family: A Preliminary Inventory of Their Manuscripts at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center: Appendix ...
		Vita di Cola di Rienzo napoletano, nato di vilissima stirpe, che si fa Tribuno Augusto di Roma con la di lui crudel morte seguita a furore di popolo l'anno 1353 li otto Settembre, scritta in lingua volgare napoletana.
		Scritture attenenti alla città di Firenze...nel anno 1531.
		di Venetia, tor[nato] dal Duca di Firenze l'anno 1569.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /taro/uthrc/00254/hrc-00254p4.html (2487 words)

	Spanish Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spain was effectively named as the protector of the Catholic cause and Charles was recognized as king of Lombardy in return for Spanish intervention in overthrowing the rebellious Florentine Republic.
		The Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan died while in the Philippines commanding a Castilian expedition to circumnavigate the globe in 1522.
		When John IV died in 1657, the Spanish attempted to wrest Portugal from his son Alfonso VI of Portugal, but were defeated at Ameixial (1663) and Monte Claros (1665), leading to Spain's recognition of Portugal's independence in 1668.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_Empire (8522 words)

	OK Computer - Week 6
		L' isola di Sardegna e' ovest dell' Italia e fra il Mar Tirreno e il Mar di Sardegna.
		Il clima di Sardegna e' tipico di Mediterraneo: L'estate e' molto caldo e secco mentre' l'ineverno e' basso, fresco, e pivoso.
		Per l'occasione sfilano attraverso la citta' migliaia di pellegrini nei meravigliosi e fantasmagorici costumi tradizionali di tutta l'isola, decine di "traccas" (carri finemente addobbati e trainati da buoi), cavalieri in costume e le rappresentanze della Municipalita'.
	www.nd.edu /~tcachey/okcomputer/diary/week_6.html (1791 words)

	Medieval Rome
		As testimony of this dark period the landscape of Rome is littered with the remains of medieval fortifications which were used to defend local baronies.
		Cola di Rienzo has already been mentioned as having attempted to lead a popular republic in 1347.
		The failure of his policies lead to his being thrown out by the same people who had elected him, he was then excommunicated, arrested as a heretic and taken to Avignon in chains.
	www.mariamilani.com /ancient_rome/medieval_rome.htm (864 words)

	1527 - Simple English Wikipedia
		May 6 - Spanish and German troops led by the Duke of Bourbon sack Rome (the infamous Sacco di Roma), forcing Pope Clement VII to make peace with Charles V.
		Sakuma Nobumori, Japanese retainer and samurai (died 1581)
		Annibale Padovano, Italian composer and organist (died 1575)
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/1527 (410 words)

	The History of Europe And the Ch
		When Constantius dies suddenly the next year while on expedition against the Picts of Scotland, his troops immediately proclaim his son Constantine as emperor.
		But the city of Rome is fast dying, and even the papacy’s efforts cannot save her.
		Though dying of lethargy, the Eastern Roman Empire, long since known as Byzantium, continues to be recognized as the eastern successor of the old Roman Empire.
	www.originofnations.org /history_of_europe_and_the_church.htm (17176 words)

	Sacco Di Roma
		The Sacco di Roma, on May 6th, 1527, signifies the abrupt end of Italian Renaissance.
		For eight days, 12,000 soldiers of Charles V pillaged the Rome and raped countless women and children because the Emperor was not able to pay them.
		The Sacco di Roma was one of the most violent events in Italian history, and therefore murder, rape and pillaging are the central themes of this spec.
	members.aon.at /alighiera/sacco.htm (1480 words)

	03 Nov History: This Date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A Roma riuscì a frequentare le botteghe dei più noti maestri orafi della città e, una volta in proprio, ad accattivarsi le simpatie di papa Clemente VII, per il quale portò a termine numerosi lavori.
		Nel 1527, l'anno del sacco di Roma, si vantò di aver preso parte in maniera attiva alla difesa della città riuscendo ad uccidere il conestabile Carlo di Borbone ed a ferire il principe d'Orange con un solo colpo di archibugio.
		Il Cellini decise così di stabilirsi in Francia, presso la corte di Francesco I, per il quale portò a termine diverse opere, tra le quali molte furono di scultura.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4nov/h4nov03.html (8424 words)

	BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE RECOVERY OF THE ANTIQUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Pietro Santi Bartoli, Memorie di varie escavazioni fatte in Roma, e nei luoghi suburbani vivente Pietro Santi Bartoli, 1682, in Carlo Fea, Miscellanea filologica critica e antiquaria, I, Rome, 1790, pp.
		Ottavio Falconieri, Discorso intorno alla Piramide di C. Cestio, and alle Pitture, che sono in essa con alcune annotazioni sopra un'iscrizione antica appartenente alla medesima, in Famiano Nardini, Roma antica, ed.
		Antonio Giuliano, "Roma 1300," Xenia, 4, 1982, pp.
	www.columbia.edu /~jc65/antique/ANTIQUE.BIB.html (6293 words)

	01 Nov History: This Date
		As Gandhi was dying from her wounds, her supporters argued-ultimately in vain-with each other over who would be able to donate blood.
		Furono proprio le intemperanze del suo carattere che nel 1516 lo portarono al confino di sei mesi a Siena e nel 1523, sempre a causa di una rissa, al definitivo (e forzato) abbandono di Firenze per Roma.
		Nel 1527, l'anno del sacco di Roma, si vantò di aver preso parte in maniera attiva alla difesa della città riuscendo ad uccidere il conestabile Carlo di Borbone e a ferire il principe d'Orange con un solo colpo di archibugio.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4nov/h4nov01.html (10943 words)

	Il sacco di Roma del 1527 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		I testi che qui si raccolgono sono mere trascrizioni diplomatiche o semidiplomatiche di edizioni antiche o rare.
		Per più precise informazioni su ciascuno di essi si rimanda alla nota che li correda.
		Chi lo desideri può scaricare tutto il corpus in forma di file compresso [sacco.zip].
	www.nuovorinascimento.org /n-rinasc/testi/wword/sacco/sacco.htm (139 words)

	WHKMLA : Sacco di Roma, 1527
		Il Sacco di Roma, 1527, from Schweizergarde, illustrated, in Italian
		Seconda Lega Santa - Sacco di Roma, 1525-1528, from Cronologia, in Italian
		League of Cognac, 1526, p.52, The Sack of Rome, p.55, Results of, and Responsibility for, the Sack of Rome, p.56, from Habsburg and Valois, by Stanley Leathes
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/saccodiroma.html (324 words)

	Sacco di Roma
		Dies ist die damalige Zeit eine sehr hohe Zahl entspricht über der Hälfte der damaligen Bevölkerung Kirchen und Paläste wurde geplündert und in gesetzt über 90% der Kunstschätze in Rom in den Tagen des Mai 1527 verloren.
		Die Stadt wurde von zwei Seiten Während die deutschen Söldner von Trastevere aus zogen die spanischen und italienischen Söldner vom Vatikan aus durch die Stadt.
		Auch heute noch werden im Gedenken den Sacco di Roma am 6.
	www.uni-protokolle.de /Lexikon/Sacco_di_Roma.html (531 words)

	The Spanish Empire
		He had received widespread support from the Portuguese people, and the Spanish—who had to deal with rebellions elsewhere, along with the war against France—were unable to respond, and the Spanish and Portuguese had existed in a de facto state of peace from 1644 to 1657.
		Charles II and his regency were incompetent in dealing with the War of Devolution that Louis XIV of France prosecuted against the Spanish Netherlands in 1667-1668, losing considerable prestige and territory, including the cities of Lille and Charleroi.
		Charles II was retarded and impotent, dying without a heir and leading to the war of succession.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/spanishempire.html (5889 words)

	[No title]
		The split did not come to an end with the deaths of the two Popes, for the Cardinals in Rome and Avignon all obstinately held their own papal elections.
		The Renaissance tendency in Rome came to an end, broadly speaking, with the frightful visitation of the sacco di Roma, when the Eternal City was laid waste in May 1527.
		For it was convinced that Peter died as a martyr in Rome and was buried there, and that he lived on in his successors.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHISTORY/RTREF.TXT (15224 words)

	THE CIVILIZATION OF THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY - FULL TEXT - by Jacob Burckhardt PART TWO
		For Franceschetto the chief point was to know by what means, when the Pope died, he could escape with well-filled coffers.
		He made himself heir of the cardinals, and, indeed, of all the clergy who died in Rome, and this by the most despotic means; but he murdered or poisoned none of them.
		That he should himself lead his forces to battle was for him an unavoidable necessity, and certainly did him nothing but good at a time when a man in Italy was forced to be either hammer or anvil, and when per- sonality was a greater power than the most indisputable right.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /burckhardt02.htm (13457 words)

	BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PALACES AND PALACE CULTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Philip Jacks, "Michelozzo di Bartolomeo and the 'Domus Pulcra' of Tommaso Spinelli in Florence," Architectura, 1996, pp.
		Deoclecio Redig de Campos, "Di alcune tracce del Palazzo di Niccolò III nuovamente tornate alla luce," Atti della Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia.
		Verzone, "La distruzione dei Palazzi imperiali di Roma e di Ravenna e la ristrutturazione del Palazzo Lateranense nel IX secolo nei rapporti con quello di Costantinopoli," Roma e l'età carolinga, Rome, 1976, pp.
	www.columbia.edu /~jc65/palaces/PALACE.BIB.htm (4687 words)

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