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	Magdeburg. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Under this Magdeburg Law a town governed itself through an elected council, had its own courts of justice, and was exempt from all duties except the payment of rent to the prince of the land.
		The sack of Magdeburg produced an immense impression and caused the Protestant princes to conclude a closer alliance.
		The city is the birthplace of Otto von Guericke (1602–86), the physicist and inventor of the Magdeburg hemispheres (which demonstrate air pressure); the composer G. Telemann (1681–1767); and Baron von Steuben (1730–94), the Prussian general who fought in the American Revolutionary War.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Magdebur.html (458 words)

	Magdeburg, Germany
		Magdeburg, the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe river.
		Magdeburg was one of the most important medieval cities of Germany.
		973 Emperor Otto I dies and is buried in the cathedral of Magdeburg.
	www.creekin.net /c403-n71-magdeburg-germany.html (913 words)

	Magdeburg Cathedral - Magdeburg, Germany
		Magdeburg became a leader in the Protestant reformation, and was outlawed by the emperor.
		However, during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) Magdeburg was raided, and only a small group of 4000 citizens survived the murdering, raping, and looting (known as the sack of Magdeburg) by seeking refugee in the cathedral.
		In 1806 Magdeburg was given to Napoleon, and the cathedral was used for storage, and also as a horse barn and sheep pen.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /germany/magdeburg-cathedral.htm (2830 words)

	Wikinfo \| Magdeburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Magdeburg, the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe river.
		Magdeburg was one of the most important medieval cities of Germany.
		1035 Magdeburg received a patent giving the city the right to hold trade exhibits and conventions, the basis of the later family of city laws known as Magdeburg rights.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Magdeburg (971 words)

	AllRefer.com - Magdeburg, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The city of Magdeburg obtained from them (13th cent.) a charter that was the model for hundreds of medieval town charters in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, and Poland.
		Magdeburg prospered and became one of the chief members of the Hanseatic League.
		The Magdeburg Centuries, the first comprehensive history of Protestantism, was edited there in the late 16th cent.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Magdebur.html (515 words)

	Magdeburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magdeburg, the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe river was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe.
		The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was founded in 968 at the synod of Ravenna, Adalbert of Magdeburg receiving consecration as its first archbishop.
		The Magdeburg hemispheres were a device created in 1654 by Otto von Guericke: it consisted in two hollow shells with rings for attaching ropes, put together with grease; the air was evacuted from within through a pump that he had invented some years before.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magdeburg (1686 words)

	Magdeburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		View of Magdeburg with the [[cathedral, from the tower of the Johanniskirche]] Magdeburg, the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe river.
		973 Emperor Otto I dies and is buried in the cathedral of Magdeburg.
		1035 Magdeburg received a patent giving the city the right to hold trade exibits and conventions, the basis of the later family of city laws known as Magdeburg rights.
	magdeburg.iqnaut.net (952 words)

	Magdeburg information - Search.com
		View of Magdeburg with the cathedral, from the tower of the Johanniskirche.
		Magdeburg's most impressive building, the Cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice, has a height of 104 m.: the highest church building of eastern Germany.
		Magdeburg is one of the major towns along the Elbe Cycle Route (Elberadweg).
	www.search.com /reference/Magdeburg (1648 words)

	Sack of Magdeburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the Thirty Years' War the city of Magdeburg was besieged by the Holy Roman Empire's Imperial Army from November 1630 to 20 May 1631 in the Sack of Magdeburg.
		The devastation was so heavy that the expression of "magdeburgization" remained as a term signifying total destruction, rape and pillaging for decades.
		The terms "Magdeburg justice", "Magdeburg mercy" and "Magdeburg quarter" also arose as a result of the Sack, used originally by Protestant forces when executing Catholics who begged for quarter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg (269 words)

	The Thirty Years War: The Battle of Breitenfeld and the Swedish Triumph
		All of Magdeburg was destroyed and 20,000 of her inhabitants with her.
		News of the Sack of Magdeburg resounded throughout the Empire.
		After the sack, he punctiliously handed back to the Elector of Brandenburg Küstrin and Spandau, which he had garrisoned only for the duration of the siege of the doomed city.
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/Breitenfeld_Phase.htm (1390 words)

	Magdeburg - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The city is the birthplace of Otto von Guericke (1602-86), the physicist and inventor of the Magdeburg hemispheres (which demonstrate air pressure); the composer G. Telemann (1681-1767); and Baron von Steuben (1730-94), the Prussian general who fought in the American Revolutionary War.
		German flood wave rolls into Magdeburg, residents poised to evacuate if Elbe cannot be held back
		Magdeburg opts for AED-SICAD: the public utility of Magdeburg in Germany (SWM Magdeburg) is to introduce a new network information system, ArcFM UT.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-magdebur.html (613 words)

	Johan t'Serclaes, Count of Tilly Summary
		While Adolphus landed his army in Mecklenburg and was in Berlin, trying to make alliances with the leaders of Northern Germany, Johann Tserclaes laid siege to the city of Magdeburg in central Germany on the Elbe River, which promised to support Sweden.
		But many historians now see it as unlikely that he ordered the massacre as Magdeburg is a strategically vital city in the Elbe River, and was needed as a base for supply when his army would turn northwards to fight the Swedes.
		Following Magdeburg, Johann Tserclaes engaged Gustavus Adolphuus at the Battle of Breitenfeld on September 17, 1631, near the city of Leipzig, which Johann Tserclaes had reached by laying waste to Saxony.
	www.bookrags.com /Johan_t'Serclaes,_Count_of_Tilly (2425 words)

	The Destruction of Magdeburg - ExChristian.Net - Articles
		Otto von Guericke, Burgomeister of Magdeburg, recorded the destruction of the city by imperial troops in May of 1631.
		The most magnificent garments, hangings, silk stuffs, gold and silver lace, linen of all sorts, and other household goods were bought by the army sutlers for a mere song and peddled about by the cart load all through the archbishopric of Magdeburg and in Anhalt and Brunswick.
		Gold chains and rings, jewels, and every kind of gold and silver utensils were to be bought from the common soldiers for a tenth of their real value.
	exchristian.net /exchristian/2002/04/destruction-of-magdeburg.php (436 words)

	American Thinker: Allah Will Know His Own: On Religious War, Part 1
		Desperate last—ditch sorties by the defenders were swept aside, and two of the city's gates were opened to the main body of the imperial army.
		The Thirty Years' War, of which the sack of Magdeburg is the centerpiece, was the last major religious conflict in Europe.
		Magdeburg was simply one of the worst of many such massacres.
	www.americanthinker.com /articles.php?article_id=5661 (3252 words)

	IV. The Swedish invasion
		Gutavus Adolphus marched south in Spring 1631 and attempted to relieve Magdeburg, besieged by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly (1559-1632).
		Much of Magdeburg was burnt to the ground and about 20,000 of its inhabitants died.
		The sack of Magdeburg was one of the bloodiest incidents in the Thirty Years War, and outraged all Protestant Europe.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-044.htm (729 words)

	James Breck Perkins, France Under Mazarin with a Review of the Administration of Richelieu, Vol. 1 (New York: G.P. ...
		This cautious policy had secured immunity thus far from the evils of the war, and the imperial forces now exulted in the plunder of a virgin land, where the fields were tilled, the villages unburned, and the burghers' purses full of gold with which to purchase their ransom.
		But Tilly had reached the summit of his renown, and the sack of Magdeburg was to be followed by a disastrous ending of a long and successful career.
		Tirlemont was captured and the soldiers sacked it in the most brutal manner, even fighting with each other in their greed for rape and plunder.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/crisis/perkins.htm (14307 words)

	History - Destruction of Magdeburg
		Tilly’s army was so enraged at the lengthy resistance provided by the Magdeburgers that they put the garrisons of the city to the sword.
		In addition to all this, quantities of sumptuous and irreplaceable house furnishings and movable property of all kinds, such as books, manuscripts, painting, memorials of all sorts,…which money could not buy, were either burned or carried away by the soldiers as booty.
		The sack of Magdeburg produced shock and made an immense impression across Europe.
	www.filbrun.com /history/magdeburg.htm (547 words)

	StrategyPage.com - Combat Information Center analysis, facts and figures about military conflicts and leaders - ...
		It was a difficult siege, for the garrison was strong and well supplied, and conducted an active defense, while the besiegers found great difficulty supplying themselves from local resources.
		In less than twelve hours, this strong, populous, and flourishing city, one of the finest in Germany, was reduced to ashes, with the exception of two churches and a few houses.
		The governor of Magdeburg, Christian William, after receiving several wounds, was taken prisoner, with three of the burgomasters; most of the officers and magistrates had already met an enviable death.
	www.strategypage.com /cic/docs/cic66c.asp (883 words)

	The Thirty Years War: Home Page
		He was not welcomed by his fellow Lutherans: his sole significant ally were the French, who subsidized his army.
		After the Swede’s allied city of Magdeburg was destroyed by an Imperial army, the Protestants grew concerned and began to arm.
		The Sack of Magdeburg and the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631-32).
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/TYWHome.htm (1338 words)

	THW Kiel / News: Knüppel aus dem Sack in Magdeburg? (06.12.2003)
		Sportlich steht der SC Magdeburg im Jahr eins nach Olafur Stefansson blendend da: In der Champions League wurde als Gruppensieger das Achtelfinale und im DHB-Pokal das Viertelfinale erreicht.
		Die Zebras haben sich für Magdeburg einiges vorgenommen: "Wir haben bisher die Spitzenspiele in Lemgo, gegen Flensburg und in Gummersbach verloren.
		Magdeburg hat bisher nur vier Minuspunkte in der Liga auf dem Konto und unterlag nur - mehr als überraschend - in Eisenach und bei der SG Kronau/Östringen.
	www.thw-provinzial.de /thw/03120501.htm (1053 words)

	Magdeburg — Infoplease.com
		"Our Lord God's Chancery" in Magdeburg and its fight against the interim (1).
		Magdeburg opts for AED-SICAD: the public utility of Magdeburg in Germany (SWM Magdeburg) is to introduce a new network information......
		Mechthild of Magdeburg and Her Book: Gender and the Making of Textual Authority.(Book Review)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0831123.html (568 words)

	G. A. Henty : The Lion of the North : Chapter VII. A Quiet Time
		In spite of the urgent entreaties of Gustavus and the pressing peril of Magdeburg, the wavering Duke of Brandenburg could not bring himself to join the Swedes.
		Many of the princes and free towns which had hitherto been staunch to the cause of Protestantism at once hastened to make their peace with the emperor.
		Gustavus at once ordered Spandau to be evacuated by his troops, and again marched with the army against Berlin, which he had but a few days before left.
	www.classicreader.com /read.php/sid.1/bookid.1779/sec.8 (3324 words)

	History of Friedrich II by Thomas Carlyle: THE HOHENZOLLERNS IN BRANDENBURG Chapter 16 THIRTY-YEARS WAR.
		Poor man, it was his fate to stand in the range of these huge collisions,--Bridge of Dessau, Siege of Stralsund, Sack of Magdeburg, Battle of Leipzig,--where the Titans were bowling rocks at one another; and he hoped, by dexterous skipping, to escape share of the game.
		Advancing, next year, to save Magdeburg, now shrieking under Tilly`s bombardment, Gustav insisted on having, if not some bond of union from his Brother-in-law of Brandenburg, at least the temporary cession of two Places of War for himself, Spandau and Custrin, indispensable in any farther operation.
		Wallenstein Mecklenburg period, while fire and sword were the weapons, and again, twice over, in the ultimate stages of the struggle, when starvation had become the method--Brandenburg fell to be the principal theatre of conflict, where all forms of the dismal were at their height.
	carlyle.classicauthors.net /Friedrich/Friedrich40.html (2610 words)

	Flint, 1632 (055flie1)
		The irony may be apparent only to those of us with too much lit crit shit in our brains, who can recognize Formalism and know its sources, and are amused by the almost relentlessly conservative tenor of the contemporary alternate history movement and its reliance on Formalism.
		In any event, Mike Stearns, his fellow coal miners, and the rest of Pleasantville—oops, Grantville—West Virginia are instantaneously transferred to Thuringia immediately after the Sack of Magdeburg (the defining event of the Thirty Years' War).
		Unlike Calvin Morrison, who had only his own Smith & Wesson.38 Special and 15 rounds of "modern" ammunition, Stearns and his town have a veritable arsenal, including plenty of spare tires, POL, dry lubricants, medical supplies, and potable water (to name just the top few logistical nightmares of every twentieth-century army).
	savage.authorslawyer.com /reviews/055flie1.shtml (1246 words)

	Eunomia: What History Shows
		But as the modern, post-Enlightenment age has shown, men freed from the constraints of religious orthodoxy or even simply of religion will find even more absurd things to kill each other over without any sense of proportion or limit.
		The sack of Magdeburg was horrific (of course, who now remembers the sack of Magdeburg?), but it cannot even compare to the devastation of the March to the Sea or the suppression of the Vendee.
		These latter two cases of widespread destruction and death wrought for ephemeral, ridiculous ideas tell me that I would prefer the danger of religious wars.
	larison.org /archives/001017.php (1182 words)

	Fodor's Travel Guides \| Forums Messages
		I am going to visit a friend in Magdeburg outside Berlin in July.
		I am 20 and she is just now graduating from her German high school.
		In the meantime, I suggest you start doing some research on the internet starting with the history of Magdeburg which has a fascinating history dating back to 603 through the Reformation and the 30 Years War and the famous (infamous) "Sack of Magdeburg".
	www.fodors.com /forums/pgMessages.jsp?fid=2&start=0&tid=34491869 (237 words)

	Graf von Pappenheim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However in 1623 he gained his own cuirassier regiment, whose fl armour and dashing commander soon gained them a fearsome reputation.
		He went on to play a leading part in the brutal sack of Magdeburg (q.v.).
		At Breitenfeld (q.v.) Pappenheim came up against the Swedish horse for the first time and found them tough and disciplined opponents, particularly since skirmishing units of commanded shot supporting the Finnish cavalry blew his troopers out of the saddle.
	www.strategos.demon.co.uk /tywhome/Pappenheim.htm (294 words)

	The Lion of the North -- Swedes and Scots save Germany for the Reformation!!
		The war was instigated by the Jesuits in order to undo the blessed Reformation and to keep the unholy Roman Empire from disintegrating....The Imperialists gave no quarter.
		In the sack of Magdeburg over 30,00 men, woman and children were buthered with mercy.
		The American Civil War was a bloody conflict but that war only lasted 5 years and the antagonists did take prisoners.
	www.reformation.org /lion-of-the-north.html (1494 words)

	Famous People Clipart ETC
		Among some of the Protestants there was a reluctance to cooperate with this new ally; for they distrusted his motives, especially in regard to northern Germany, where it was known that he had dreams of making himself the master of the Baltic Sea.
		Nevertheless, many of the hesitating Protestants rallied to his side after the siege and sack of Magdeburg, in 1631.
		The taking of this city by the troops of Tilly was marked by the most brutal massacre and pillage.
	etc.usf.edu /clipart/galleries/People/famouspeople_a.htm (1560 words)

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