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	Classic Pilgrimages - Rome, A Brief History
		In the 8th century B.C., Rome quickly evolved into the capital of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic three centuries later, and finally, the Roman Empire in 31 B.C. In its territorial peak, the Roman Empire was the most dominate, largest, and longest-lasting empire of the Western world.
		Rome flourished as a “holy city,” even when the Pope relocated to Avignon, France for a period of time, and eventually became the cultural and artistic hub of Italy at the height of the Italian Renaissance.
		Rome is currently home to more than 50 major basilicas and churches, with many of them housing ancient relics and important religious edifices.
	www.classic-pilgrimages.com /rome-information.asp (1010 words)

	Ancient Rome - MSN Encarta
		Eventually Rome conquered the communities in the central mountains, the Greek cities of the south, and the Gauls of the Po River valley.
		Immediately to the south of Rome was the Latin League, composed of 30 cities that shared their language and religious festivals.
		Rome assessed Carthage with an enormous fine to be paid over 50 years and, more devastatingly, forced Carthage to relinquish all possessions outside Africa, to restore territory to Rome’s ally King Masinissa of Numidia (present-day Algeria), and to retain only ten ships.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552589_4/Ancient_Rome.html (1977 words)

	Rome, city, Italy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Rome’s large number of automobiles has caused serious traffic congestion, and in the 1970s and 80s various attempts were made to deal with the problem, including the banning of traffic in certain parts of the city.
		Among Rome’s many palaces and villas the Farnese Palace (begun 1514) and the Farnesina (1508–11) are particularly famous; others, all dating from the 17th cent., are those of the great Roman families, the Colonna, Chigi, Torlonia, and Doria.
		The history of Rome in the Middle Ages, bewildering in its detail, is essentially that of two institutions, the papacy and the commune of Rome.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ro/RomeIt.html (5783 words)

	Wikinfo \| Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Rome (Italian and Latin Roma) is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region.
		Rome today is one of the most important tourist destinations of the world, due to its immense heritage of archaeological and artistic treasures, as well as for its unique traditions and the beauty of its views and its "villas" (parks).
		Rome is commonly identified by several proper symbols, including the Colosseum, the she-wolf (Lupa capitolina), the imperial eagle, and the symbols of Christianity.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Rome (2596 words)

	Seattle Catholic - The Sack of Rome: 1527, 1776
		The Sack of Rome had its origins in the French-Spanish struggle for hegemony in Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
		Rome and the stench of death became one.
		Fortunately for Rome, an effort was made to rebuild its walls with something more suitable and more sturdy than whatever happened to be merely familiar: a reaffirmation of the authentic and eternal Catholic Tradition, a deeper understanding of which revealed the flaws of the immediate past and indicated a surer path to a better future.
	www.seattlecatholic.com /article_20040427.html (2881 words)

	Gallic Sack of Rome
		Brennus sent his own representatives to Rome to demand the 3 men be turned over to him, but was predictably refused.
		Eleven miles to the north of Rome, an outnumbered Roman army mustered under the command of A.Quintus Sulpicius, met them in July, 387 BC (the traditional date is recorded as 390 BC but the Varronian chronology is erroneous), and suffered a crushing defeat on the banks of the River Allia.
		The sack of Rome would be long remembered by Romans, and would finally be avenged 3 1/2 centuries later with Caesar's conquest of Gaul.
	www.unrv.com /empire/gallic-sack-of-rome.php (1043 words)

	The Modern Sack of Rome
		Rome's dilemma is shared in varying degrees by all northern Italian cities, each of which has been inundated by a share of the six million Italians who have migrated to the north from the impoverished south and to the cities from the countryside since World War II.
		Thus, although many officials simply throw up their hands and blame the decreasing livability of Rome and its environs entirely on its continuing rapid increase in population, responsibility for the modern sack of Rome must also be shared by greedy developers and businessmen, along with their accomplices, unwitting and culpable, in local and national government.
		Rome's present plight is all the more poignant because, until very recently, its comparatively small size for a major capital had offered an unusual opportunity to plan intelligently for its future.
	www.aliciapatterson.org /APF001971/Downie/Downie06/Downie06.html (6892 words)

	Sack Of Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		After the sack of Rome by the Normans in 1084, the rebuilding of the city was supported by powerful families such as the Frangipane family and the Pierleoni family, whose wealthy came indeed from...
		Alaric and the Fall of Rome - Alaric the Vandal Sacks Rome
		Summary of Alaric and the Sack of Rome Alaric, the Visigoth king, knew it was foretold that he...
	psychicinvestigator.com /kw/dark-ages/sack-of-rome.php (487 words)

	Rome - Vol III, Chapter XXXVI, Part 1
		The success of the Vandals, the conquest of Sicily, the sack of Palermo, and the frequent descents on the coast of Lucania, awakened and alarmed the mother of Valentinian, and the sister of Theodosius.
		In the forty-five years that had elapsed since the Gothic invasion, the pomp and luxury of Rome were in some measure restored; and it was difficult either to escape, or to satisfy, the avarice of a conqueror, who possessed leisure to collect, and ships to transport, the wealth of the capital.
		Whilst the king of the Visigoths fought and vanquished in the name of Avitus, the reign of Avitus had expired; and both the honor and the interest of Theodoric were deeply wounded by the disgrace of a friend, whom he had seated on the throne of the Western empire.
	www.cca.org /cm/rome/vol3/ch3601.html (3350 words)

	ALLIA BATTLE
		Rome was in midst of its early expansion with wars against its neighbors, notably the Etruscans in the 5th century BC.
		Rome's resolve in rebuilding and unifying the Italian cities resulted in the Celts being finally driven into France, otherwise much of Italy would have become Celtic land.
		As the king of Epirus was engaging in indecisive engagements with the Romans, the Celts invaded Macedonia.
	www.xenophon-mil.org /milhist/rome/allia.htm (1492 words)

	Brennus: The Sack of Rome 387 BC
		Rome responded by sending three envoys, brothers from the ancient house of the Fabii, to remonstrate with the Celts and their leader Brennus, a chieftain of the Senones.
		Rome hastily assembled an army under the command of A.Quintus Sulpicius and despatched it to meet the Celtic advance.
		Rome was in a panic- the city was largely indefensible and lay open to the Celts: only the Capitoline Hill was barricaded and defended.
	www.ancientworlds.net /6477 (1152 words)

	2. The Visigoths. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		His execution was followed by a general massacre of the families of the barbarian auxiliaries in Italy, and some 30,000 of them went over to Alaric in Noricum.
		He sacked it, then moved south toward Africa, the granary of Italy.
		Ataulf, originally bent on the destruction of the very name of Rome, now bent his energies to the fusion of Visigothic vigor and Roman tradition.
	www.bartleby.com /67/403.html (1053 words)

	Sack of Rome -- May 6, 1527: There are games in which the little guys just get run over by the big guys
		Charles V is often blamed for the sack of Rome, but it was a lot more complicated than that.
		The Constable allowed his army to sack some northern towns and sent emissaries to Clement VII in Rome saying that he was having trouble controlling his army, and that was true -- they knew Rome was full of treasure.
		The army that sacked Rome surely belonged to Charles V, but he was far away and everything was way out of his control.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VSackRome.html (1712 words)

	Sack of Rome (410) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An anachronistic fifteenth-century miniature depicting the sack of 410.
		The Sack of Rome occurred on August 24, 410.
		The previous sack of Rome was by Gauls under their leader Brennus in 387 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410) (671 words)

	Rome : St.Angel's Castle
		Initially it was the mausoleum built to hold the tombs of emperor Hadrian and his family: the construction began in 135 and was completed by his heir Antonino the Pious.
		After the ill-famed Sack of Rome made by Lansquenet in 1527, it was arranged inside the castle a private apartment as refuge for the Pope and his Court in case of another invasion.
		The castle took its name under the reign of pope Gregorius Magnus in the VI century when, during a heavy epidemic of plague who hit Rome, on top of the fortress appeared an angel who sheated his sword: this image was interpreted as a good sign for the end of God's punishment.
	www.capriweb.com /romeroma/Rome/sangelo.html (243 words)

	Biography
		In Rome he carved the first of his major works, the Bacchus (Florence, Bargello) and the St Peter's Pietà, which was completed by the turn of the century.
		In 1508, back in Rome, he began his most important work, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican for Julius, who, as usual, was impatient to see it finished.
		In the interval there had been the Sack of Rome and the Reformation, and the confident humanism and Christian Neoplatonism of the Ceiling had curdled into the personal pessimism and despondency of the Judgement.
	www.wga.hu /bio/m/michelan/biograph.html (2429 words)

	Rome
		Ah, Rome, city of seven hills, center of the Roman empire, capitol of Italy.
		Holland wanted a high price for the tour of Rome, and since there were six of us, we decided to make our own tour with a Limo.
		After the sack of Rome plus almost 300 years, the Temple was reconsacrated on March 6, 609 as the Church of St. Mary of the Martyrs.
	www.cplogic.net /Rome.htm (1908 words)

	RenRom0800-Sack1527Intro.html
		The 1527 Sack of Rome was a result of a unique set of circumstances involving the leaders of emerging European powers and Pope Clement VII Medici.
		In fact, art and architecture flourished in Rome in the years after the sack, and the Baroque style spread through Europe from Rome and became the new currency in both fields.
		The Sack caused much destruction and looting of portable art and artifacts, but a simple inventory will show that much of the stationary decorative art survived -- the great pre-Sack frescoes and altarpieces in churches and chapels and palaces are still there today, and they were mightily augmented in the century after the sack.
	www.mmdtkw.org /RenRom0800-Sack1527Intro.html (824 words)

	First Europe Tutorial - Roman Territorial Expansion
		From Carthage, Rome acquired the territories of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Spain and Numidia (modern Tunisia) and extended its dominance to all of the western Mediterranean.
		Rome did not enforce absolute subjection, for local governments, traditions and laws were respected, and conquered subjects were encouraged to identify their well-being with Roman success.
		Symbolic was the sack of Rome in C.E. Rome at the Height of the Crisis of the Third Century 260 C.E. The Sack of Rome C.E. Return to Tutorial Chapters
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/roman.html (1314 words)

	Guicciardini, The Sack of Rome
		The Sack of Rome of 1527 is one of the best known events of Renaissance Italy.
		The Florentine Luigi Guicciardini, who was forty-nine of age when Rome was taken by storm, held the office of Gonfaloniere di Giustizia in 1527 and had his brother, the famous writer and historian Francesco, as lieutenant of the papal forces.
		In fact, in his opinion the sack of Rome is almost a natural outcome of the countless errors of the League of Cognac.
	www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/Guicciardini.htm (1012 words)

	About Rome: Itineraries to discover Rome
		Architectural element born in Rome, the triumphal Arch was the greatest homage that the city devoted to its heroes.
		Rome, during the Middle Age, was obviously much more little than it is today and it was extended around the river Tevere, important both as source of water and as river route.
		During the Middle Age Rome was abandoned because of the move of the papacy to Avignon, in France.
	www.aboutroma.com /itineraries-in-Rome.html (9305 words)

	Swiss guards in the Vatican, Rome
		During the Sack of Rome in 1527, when Charles V of Spain devastated the city with his army of "lanzichelecchi", it was only the quick reaction of the Swiss Guards which enabled Pope Clement VII to take refuge in Castel Sant'Angelo; 147 Swiss soldiers died in the fighting.
		The invaders occupied the Vatican buildings, causing untold damage: they used ancient manuscripts as bedding for their horses, lit fires on the marble floors and scratched graffiti on the frescoes.
		Every year on May 6, anniversary of the Sack of Rome, the Swiss Guards renew their vows of allegiance in the Courtyard of San Damaso inside the Vatican.
	www.inforoma.it /feature.php?lookup=swiss (394 words)

	A scourge called Silvio - The Boston Globe
		In The Sack of Rome, a journalist chronicles the rise, fall, and sly corruption of Italy's former leader
		``The Sack of Rome," is Stille's title for his massive study of the flamboyant hijacker of Italy's admittedly decayed and often corrupt political processes.
		It would be hard not to think of it as a piece of commedia dell'arte, with Italy as the deviously wooed Columbine, and Berlusconi playing both bullying Pantaloon and sardonic (and lecherous) Harlequin, as well as the landlord who funnels an exorbitant rake-off from the troupe's use of the town square.
	www.boston.com /ae/books/articles/2006/07/30/a_scourge_called_silvio (914 words)

	Battles: The Sack of Rome :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		The Sack of Rome in 410 AD was the first time Rome had fallen to an invader.
		The effects of the sack were enormous despite the fact that it lasted for only three days and was light.
		The population of Rome was devastated that it would never reach the levels it had before the sack until the 20th Century.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=1506 (1074 words)

	Rome, The Grandeur That Was Page Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The growth of Rome from a small city-state to the dominant power in the
		Rome did, however, annex about one fifth of the conquered lands, on which
		Rome's determination to prevent this led to the greatest and most
	history-world.org /gauls_sack_rome.htm (1576 words)

	sack of rome review
		Olympiodorus's account of the sack of Rome is considered by far the best: it included an extended analysis of the political and military blunders which led up to it, and the slow recovery which followed.
		His independent political judgment, realistic attitude to the barbarians, concern for precision in dating and technical terminology, and flair for anecdotal writing make him one of the most original historical writers of his age.
		To this are added extracts from other contemporary sources on the sack (Augustine, Jerome, Orosius), select inscriptions, and a glossary of technical terms.
	www.rennes-discovery.com /sack_of_rome_review.htm (134 words)

	Bed and Breakfast Rome Service Blog, the guide to rome events and attractions
		Clemente VII, who miraculously escaped from Carlo V’s lansquenets during the sack of Rome in 1527, took refuge in the castle, which resisted all attacks until the capitulation-treaty signed by the pope and the emperor a month later.
		The Pantheon was originally built in the ancient Rome as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets in the Roman state religion (the Sun, the Moon, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury and Mars), although the more recent texts mainly refer to Mars and Venus.
		The blast is so loud that it can be clearly heard throughout the centre of Rome (despite nowadays the heavy traffic may sometimes cover it): many romans still check their watches to the sound of the peculiar "time alarm" from the Janiculum.
	www.bedandbreakfastroma.com /rome-guide-bb-blog (8955 words)

	Sack of Rome (1527) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duke Charles was fatally wounded in the assault, allegedly shot by Benvenuto Cellini.
		On May 8, Pompeo Cardinal Colonna, a personal enemy of Clement, entered the city.
		In the meantime, Clement continued to be prisoner in Castel Sant'Angelo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527) (1151 words)

	The Sack of Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 410, the culminating event, that shattered the remains of the old pagan ways in the ancient capital, occurred with the capture and pillaging of Rome by the Visigothic chief, Alaric.
		In Rome, the festivals were celebrated with games that included horse and chariot races, theatrical productions and banquets, as well as, the brutal gladiatorial fights.
		Excavations in Rome have revealed a house where pagans gathered to celebrate nighttime banquets in honor of Dionysus, Sabazius, Venus, Hecate and other deities.
	www.vinland.org /scamp/grove/kreich/chapter7.html (769 words)

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