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Topic: Sacral plexus

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	IX. Neurology. 6e. The Sacral and Coccygeal Nerves. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The nerves forming the sacral plexus converge toward the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen, and unite to form a flattened band, from the anterior and posterior surfaces of which several branches arise.
		In the upper part of its course the nerve rests upon the posterior surface of the ischium, the nerve to the Quadratus femoris, the Obturator internus and Gemelli, and the Quadratus femoris; it is accompanied by the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the inferior gluteal artery, and is covered by the Glutæus maximus.
		It lies on the posterior wall of the pelvis, and is usually formed by branches from the anterior divisions of the second and third sacral nerves, the whole of the anterior divisions of the fourth and fifth sacral nerves, and the coccygeal nerve.
	www.bartleby.com /107/213.html (3934 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		The explanation is that the uterus by dragging or pressing on the sacral spinal nerves, induces pain in the lumbo-sacral regions and the pain is reflected from the lumbar cord along the ilio-hypogastric, ilio-inguinal, and genito-crural nerves, branches of the lumbar plexus to the hypogastric and inguinal region.
		Irritation of the sacral nerves is liable to be reflected from the common lumbar trunk to the branches of the hypoastric and inguinal region.
		The nerves in relation are the lumbar plexus, anterior and posterior, the hypogastric plexus connected to the lumbar plexus by the rami communicantes, and the sacral plexus.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/robinson/Rob1ch23.htm (9500 words)

	SACRAL PLEXUS
		The sacral plexus is formed by the lumbo-sacral, the anterior branches of the three upper, and part of the fourth sacral nerves.
		The sacral plexus is triangular in form, its base corresponding with the exit of the nerves from the sacrum, its apex with the lower part of the great sacro-sciatic foramen.
		When the division occurs at the plexus, the two nerves descend together, side by side; or they may be separated, at their commencement, by the interposition of part or the whole of the Pyriformis muscle.
	spinalnerves.net /sacralplexus.html (2525 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		The interiliacal disc is the result of coalescence of the distal end of the plexus aorticus, located at the aortic bifurcation, practically on the sacral promontory and the distalward movements of the tractus genitalis producing traction and extension on the nerve disc of the sacral promontory.
		The plexus interiliacus consists not merely of nerve strands, for it is composed of nerve plexuses the commissures and cords of which are band or ribbon-like in character surrounding apertures or fenestra of various dimensions which increase in area toward the distal end.
		The plexus interiliacus is the dominating plexus of the pelvis.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/robinson/Rob1ch6.htm (2439 words)

	[No title]
		The Aortic plexus is a continuous network of sympathetic nerves extending on the aorta from the aortic hiatus to the bifurcation.
		Sacral splanchnic nerves are slender visceral branches of the sympathetic chain ganglia that consist of preganglionic fibers that synapse in the inferior hypogastric plexus.
		The sacral portions of the sympathetic trunks are the continuation of the lumbar trunks.
	www.med.unc.edu /~kimplera/classes/anatomy/p3.doc (2051 words)

	New Page 3
		The sacral plexus is formed by the lumbosacral trunk and the ventral rami of the first, second, third sacral nerves.
		The nerves forming the sacral plexus converge towards the greater sciatic notch and unite to form a large band located on the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity, in front of the piriformis muscle.
		•Ventral collateral branches of the sacral plexus are the nerve to the obtura-
	www.nysora.com /guest_contributors/gaertner_anat.htm (347 words)

	CME/CE/CPE Pain Articles
		The lumbosacral plexus is comprised of two distinct portions: the lumbar plexus and the sacral plexus, each innervating a different part of the lower limb (Figure 1.
		All cutaneous and muscular branches of the plexus are limited to the thigh except for the saphenous nerve, a continuation of the femoral nerve that supplies the medial leg.
		The sacral plexus is formed from the union of the lumbosacral trunk with the ventral rami of the 1st through 4th sacral nerves (Figure 2.
	www.pain.com /sections/professional/cme_article/article.cfm?ID=256 (1856 words)

	Sacral plexus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs.
		Often, the sacral plexus and the lumbar plexus are considered to be one large nerve plexus, the lumbosacral plexus.
		sacral/coccygeal plexus: to quadratus femoris - to obturator internus - to the piriformis - superior gluteal - inferior gluteal - posterior cutaneous of thigh
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sacral_plexus (449 words)

	Sacral Plexus, Pelvic Diaphragm
		the uterovaginal plexus is a subsidiary plexus of the inferior hypogastric plexus
		ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4 branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of sacral plexus), brs.
		ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-S4 branches of the lumbosacral plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of sacral plexus), brs.
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/pelvicwall.html (1993 words)

	Chapter 32: Blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic drainage of the pelvis
		The superior and inferior gluteal arteries pass backward between the sacral nerves and leave the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, running superior and inferior to the piriformis, respectively.
		32-4 The pelvic splanchnic nerves are visceral branches of the ventral rami of sacral nerves 2 to 4.
		Figure 32-2 A, The sacral plexus and branches of the internal iliac artery, medial aspect.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_6/chapter_32.html (1641 words)

	Sacral fractures
		The sympathetic ganglia of the inferior hypogastric plexus extend from the anterolateral L5 and S1 vertebral bodies caudally to the anterior surface of the sacrum along the medial margin of the anterior foramina of S2, S3, and S4.
		The posterior rami of the sacral roots consist of small sensory fibres, with contributions to the cluneal nerves.
		Sacral roots subjected to contusion, compression, or traction caused by angulation, translation, or direct compression have a theoretical chance of recovery.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /fellows/lvanrensburg/classification/pelvis/sacrum.htm (2653 words)

	The Sacrum: Pathologic Spectrum, Multimodality Imaging, and Subspecialty Approach -- Diel et al. 21 (1): 83 -- ...
		The lesion is slightly hyperintense relative to the cerebrospinal fluid in the lumbar spinal canal.
		plexus from the bladder, intestines, or genitourinary tract
		of the sacrum with encroachment on the sacral canal and foramina.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/21/1/83 (6639 words)

	Glossary-16. sarcoma, sciatica, shingles and spasm..
		Sacral breadth multiplied by 100 and divided by sacral length.
		Five pairs of spinal nerves the upper four of which emerge through the posterior sacral foramina, the fifth pair through the sacral hiatus (termination of sacral canal).
		Plexus of sacral nerves from which sciatic nerve originates.
	www.kneelsit.com /glossary/glossary16.html (1420 words)

	Crystal Pendulum and Stone Pendulum
		Use at the solar plexus and third Eye chakras.
		Corresponds to the Root and Solar Plexus Chakras.
		Due to the matrix in chrysoprase material, there will be rough areas on the surface.
	www.bestcrystals.com /pendulums.html (684 words)

	eMedicine - Pelvic Fractures : Article by George V Russell, Jr, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves are the primary dorsal branches of the lumbar plexus.
		The ventral branches of the lumbar plexus are represented in the obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4).
		The branches of the sacral plexus originate in the pelvis in which the sacral plexus lies anterior to the piriformis muscle.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic432.htm (9220 words)

	Plexus Disorders: Peripheral Nerve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		In a plexus, nerve fibers from different spinal nerves are sorted and recombined so that all fibers going to a specific body part are put together in one nerve.
		The major plexuses are the brachial plexus, which is located in the neck and distributes nerves throughout the arms, and the lumbosacral plexus, which is located in the lower back and distributes nerves to the pelvis and legs.
		Because the lumbar and sacral plexuses are interconnected, they are sometimes referred to as the lumbosacral plexus.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec06/ch095/ch095d.html (725 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 26: Figure 5
		The anterior surface of the spinal cord (in the spinal canal) with the origin and plexus of spinal nerves and the chain of sympathetic ganglia.
		Brachial plexus (formed by the anterior division of the lower four cervical and first thoracic nerves).
		sacral nerve I. sacral nerve V. sacral plexus (formed the anterior roots of 5th lumbar and 1st through 5th sacral nerves.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /atlasofanatomy/plate26/05antspinal.shtml (344 words)

	HoxD cluster scanning deletions identify multiple defects leading to paralysis in the mouse mutant Ironside -- Tarchini ...
		the lumbar plexus at the expense of the sacral plexus (Fig.
		For instance, partial transformation of the 23rd root involves rerouting of its axonal projection toward the lumbar plexus, at the expense of the sacral plexus, leading to a root with a hybrid profile between the 22nd and 23rd aspect [group A or Del(1–13) and Del(9) alleles].
		nerve branches emanating from the sacral plexus (Fig.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/19/23/2862 (8111 words)

	Lab Manual - Pelvic Wall & Floor
		Demonstrate the formation of the sacral plexus, its relationship to the piriformis muscle and gluteal vessels, and its pelvic splanchnic and pudendal nerve branches.
		Identify the inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus and its connections to the superior hypogastric plexus (via the hypogastric nerves), sacral plexus (via pelvic splanchnic nerves), and the sacral sympathetic trunks (via the sacral sympathetic nerves).
		Examine the piriformis muscle and note its attachment to the sacrum, as well as its relation to the sacral nerves, to the sacral plexus and to the superior and inferior gluteal arteries.
	med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/pelvis/pelvicwall.html (808 words)

	Lumbo
		L4-S3 form the lumbosacral plexus which gives rise to the sciatic nerve which supplies sensory innervation to the posterior thigh then branches into the common peroneal and tibial nerves which innervate the entire leg and foot from just below the knee.
		The needle is advanced perpendicular to all planes until the transverse process is contacted or the lumbar plexus is stimulated (quadriceps muscle twitch).
		Again, stimulation of the lumbar plexus at this level is recognized by contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle and rhythmic twitches of the patella.
	www.pitt.edu /~regional/Lumbosacral/Lumbosacral.htm (1052 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy - Nerves
		preganglionic sympathetic axons from the intermesenteric plexus and the 2nd lumbar splanchnic n.
		contributes to the inferior mesenteric plexus; contributes to the superior hypogastric plexus
		intermesenteric plexus is continuous with the superior mesenteric plexus; it continues inferiorly as the inferior mesenteric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus; intermesenteric plexus does not carry vagal parasympathetic fibers; located anterior to the abdominal aorta between the superior and inferior mesenteric aa.
	www.ucd.ie /vetanat/perineum/nerves.htm (3169 words)

	Newsletter 16 Applications
		of the sacral plexus and cauda equina has found that from 0¡ to 30¡ hip flexion, there is no movement of the cauda equina.
		When the hip is flexed to an angle of 30¡ to 60¡ during a straight leg raise, the roots of the sacral plexus move an average of 2 to 4 mm caudally.
		During lumbar spine flexion with the hips in neutral, the sacral plexus roots move in a direction similar to that observed in the last 30¡ of straight leg raise.
	www.iaom-us.com /archive/newsletter/nletterOld/news16/n16-appl.htm (2949 words)

	Spinal Cord & Nerves
		Below the first lumbar vertebra, the canal is occupied by a leash of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots termed the cauda equina.
		The sacral nerves carry sensory and motor fibers and to and from both the upper and lower leg and from the anal and genital regions.
		A nerve plexus (a network of interlacing nerves) arising from the lumbosacral trunk and ventral branches of the first four sacral spinal nerves.
	www.spineuniverse.com /anatomy/ag_spinalcord_nerves.html (568 words)

	[No title]
		Metastatic lesions may invade the plexus directly or indirectly by metastases to the spine and retroperitoneal nodes.
		Direct injury to the lumbosacral plexus may result from pelvic fractures, gunshot wounds, and penetrating injuries by other objects and in the neonatal period by forcible breech extractions.
		The syndrome of retroperitoneal hemorrhage and lumbar plexus neuropathy during anticoagulant therapy.
	www.pain.com /sections/professional/cme_article/printpage.cfm?id=256 (9708 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 6: Pelvis, Perineum, Hip, and Upper Thigh
		This section passes through the fourth sacral vertebra and sacral hiatus and the os ilium (38) at the sciatic notch (34).
		Note the anterior sacral plexus of veins (25), which arise from the lateral sacral veins (which ultimately join the superior gluteal or internal iliac veins) and the median sacral vein.
		The median sacral vein communicates with the lateral sacral veins and with the anterior sacral plexus.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /HumanAnatomy/6Section/07.shtml (528 words)

	the Trocar :: Online Videojournal of Gynecologic and surgical endoscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		sacral plexus and join in the inferior hypogastric plexus with the inferior hypogastric nerves at the level of the lateral part of the uterosacral ligaments, anteriorly and laterally to the rectum.
		The pelvic splanchnic nerves carry the parasympathetic fibers which are responsible for the voiding function of the detrusor of the bladder.
		Most of the fibers, but not all, of the inferior hypogastric plexus run in the pars nervosa of the parametrium which is limited in the upper part by the medial rectal artery and in the lower part by the levator ani muscle.
	www.thetrocar.net /view.asp?ID=7 (731 words)

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