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Topic: Sacred Band of Thebes

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	Sacred Band of Thebes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sacred Band of Thebes (ancient Greek: Ιερός Λόχος τών Θηβών; ἱερὸς λόχος hieròs lókhos) was a troop of picked soldiers, numbering 150 pederastic couples, which formed the elite force of the Theban army in late-classical Greece.
		The Sacred Band originally was formed of picked men in couples, each lover with his beloved, selected from the ranks of the existing Theban citizen-army.
		Defeat came at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BCE), the decisive contest in which Philip II of Macedon (with his son, Alexander the Great, as he would later be known) extinguished the authority of the Greek city-states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sacred_Band_of_Thebes (516 words)

	Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - Sacred Band
		Deploying the Sacred Band on his front left wing, "Epaminondas made his left wing fifty deep and flung it forward in the attack." The "extra weight" of this wing and the "fanatical bravery of the Sacred Band" broke the Sparta right wing, which contained their best warriors.
		Gorgidas, according to some, first formed the Sacred Band of 300 chosen men, to whom as being a guard for the citadel the State allowed provision, and all things necessary for exercise; and hence they were called the city band, as citadels of old were usually called cities.
		And the regiment among the Thebans, which is called the Sacred Band, is wholly composed of mutual lovers, indicating the majesty of the God, as these men prefer a glorious death to a shameful and discreditable life.
	andrejkoymasky.com /liv/fam/bios1/sacr1.html (951 words)

	Thebes
		Thebes (in modern Greek: Θήβα — Thíva, in ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Θῆβαι — Thēbai or Thívai) is a city in Greece, situated to the north of the Cithaeron range, which divides Boeotia from Attica, and on the southern edge of the Boeotian plain.
		The record of the earliest days of Thebes was preserved among the Greeks in an abundant mass of legends which rival the myths of Troy in their wide ramification and the influence which they exerted upon the literature of the classical age.
		Philip was content to deprive Thebes of her dominion over Boeotia; but an unsuccessful revolt in 335 against his son Alexander was punished by Macedon and other Greek states by the severe sacking of the city, except, according to tradition, the house of the poet Pindar.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Cities/Thebes.html (1375 words)

	Gorgidas
		The Sacred Band was 150 pairs of lovers or best friends, a total of three hundred men, led by Gorgidas to their gallant end on the blood-drenched field of Chaeronea, in 338 BC.
		The Sacred Band was at first dispersed throughout the front ranks of the regular infantry, with the idea that they would inspire valour, but they were latter arrayed as a unit in order to make their gallantry more conspicuous.
		The Sacred Band was eventually destroyed by Philip II of Macedon, who had been held as a hostage in Thebes, and had learned his military tactics there.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/Gorgidas.html (553 words)

	Philip II of Macedon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Portrait of [[Philip II of Macedon, found at Vergina]] Born in Pella in 382 BC, he was the youngest son of King Amyntas III of Macedon and Queen Eurydice.
		During his captivity in Thebes he received a military / diplomatic education from Epaminondas and was involved in a pederastic relationship with Pelopidas and lived with Pammenes.
		Pammenes was an enthusiastic advocate of the Sacred Band of Thebes.
	philip-ii-of-macedon.iqnaut.net (1025 words)

	The Sacred Band of Thebes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		According to Greek legend, the Sacred Band of Thebes was an army of 150 pairs of homosexual lovers, or a total of 300 men.
		The Sacred Band of Thebes was defeated by Phillip of Macedon and his son, Alexander the Geat, at the battle of Chaeronea.
		Sparta - speak of a Spartan counterpart to the Sacred Band of Thebes where homosexuality was encouraged.
	members.aol.com /matrixwerx/glbthistory/thebes.htm (233 words)

	The Sacred Band (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Gorgidas, according to some, first formed the Sacred Band of three hundred chosen men, to whom, as being a guard for the citadel, the State allowed provision, and all things necessary for exercise: and hence they were called the city band, as citadels of old were usually called cities.
		With a view to this they did well, again, to make Harmony, the daughter of Mars and Venus, their tutelar deity; since, where force and courage is joined with gracefulness and winning behaviour, a harmony ensues that combines all the elements of society in perfect consonance and order.
		Gorgidas distributed this Sacred Band all through the front ranks of the infantry, and thus made their gallantry less conspicuous; not being united in one body, but mingled with so many others of inferior resolution, they had no fair opportunity of showing what they could do.
	rowan_oak0.tripod.com /thebes.htm (357 words)

	Alexander_the_Great
		The cavalry wing led by Alexander annihilated the Sacred Band of Thebes, an elite corps previously regarded as invincible.
		Philip was content to deprive Thebes of her dominion over Boeotia and leave a Macedonian garrison in the citadel.
		The end of Thebes cowed Athens into submission and it readily accepted Alexander's demand for the exile of all the leaders of the anti-Macedonian party, Demosthenes first of all.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/a/al/alexander_the_great.html (7350 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Sacred Band of Thebes
		The Sacred Band of Thebes (in ancient Greek ἱερὸς λόχος / hieròs lókhos) was an elite Greek troop of 150 pairs of pederastic lovers, according to Plutarch (in the Life of Pelopidas) formed by the Theban commander Gorgidas.
		The remainder of the Theban army fled when faced with the overwhelming forces of Philip and Alexander, but the Sacred Band, surrounded, held their ground and fell where they stood.
		That claim was substantiated upon the excavation of their communal grave at Chaeronea, in which two hundred and fifty four skeletons were found, arranged in seven rows.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Theban_Sacred_Band (464 words)

	Homosexuality in Ancient Greece
		The Sacred Band of Thebes was the pinnacle in Gay history in the tradition of heroism, and the greatness of love between men.
		It was at the Battle of Mantinea in 362 B.C.E that the Band and the army of Thebes defeated the Spartans.
		Though largely hidden from history, The Sacred Band of Thebes was not an exception to the deep, passionate, and sexual love bonds that some men are drawn to form with each other.
	www.15grant.com /mchoward/greece.html (916 words)

	Epaminondas - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		As the Theban delegate to the peace conference of 371 BC he refused to surrender his claim to represent all Boeotia.
		Agesilaus II of Sparta therefore excluded Thebes from the peace.
		'An army of lovers:' the Sacred Band of Thebes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/E/Epaminon.asp (320 words)

	sacred band, sacred band of thebes, lion of charonea, battle of charonea, lion of chaeronea, battle of chaeronea, lion ...
		In the year 338 BC on the plain of Chaeronea, a war was fought between the allied armies of Thebes and Athens, against the might of Macedon ruled by King Philip and his son Alexander the Great.
		In that bloody battle Thebes was defeated and lost almost every man of its exclusive fighting force called the Sacred Band.
		Nikanoras, born the only son to an aristocrat, is sent to train with a mentor and find a male lover in order to be selected to serve with the Sacred Band of Thebes.
	www.authorga.com (512 words)

	Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a sourcebook of basic documents in translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		[18.1] The Sacred Band, they say, was first organized by Gorgidas out of 300 picked men, who were trained and fed at the city’s expense.
		They camped out on the Theban citadel, the Cadmeia, and for this reason they were called the "City Band," for in those days the term "city" was generally applied to the citadel.
		He said that Homer’s Nestor was not a shrewd tactician when he ordered that the Greeks be drawn up according to tribe and clan, "so that clan might aid clan, and tribe tribe,"31 [18.3] and that what he should have done was station lover beside beloved.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/cc348hubbard/readindex.php?view=26 (956 words)

	books about: thebes (translations publications prometheus) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Meet the unsung heroes of that battle up close and personal in her fictional account of a young aristocrat of Thebes training to become one of the elite.
		Middle Kingdom statues depict the pharaohs who made Thebes their political capital and Amun the king of the gods.
		This excellent edition of Seven Against Thebes is part of Oxford University Press' ongoing series Greek Tragedy in New Translations, the idea behind which is that these plays should be translated into English not just by Greek scholars, but also by poets, to preserve as much of the real communicative power and drama as possible.
	www.very-clever.com /books/thebes (1489 words)

	Thebes, city of ancient Greece
		When the Persians were defeated, Thebes was punished, and only the intervention of Sparta, which saw in the city a balance to the power of Athens, saved it from destruction.
		Thebes supported Sparta against Athens in the Peloponnesian War but, fearing Spartan territorial ambitions, withdrew this support and joined (394 B.C.) the confederation against Sparta.
		Thebes joined Athens against Philip II of Macedon and shared in the defeat at Chaeronea (338 B.C. A revolt at Thebes caused Alexander the Great to attack and destroy (336 B.C.) the city.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0848374.html (325 words)

	Ioläus, An Anthology: I. Friendship-Customs in the Pagan and Early World
		In the field of battle, it is disgraceful for the chief to be surpassed in valor; it is disgraceful for the companions not to equal their chief; but it is reproach and infamy during the whole succeeding life to retreat from the field surviving him.
		These were all sons of free men, and bands of young lads like them in the different districts leave their parents about the age of puberty and live with such men as Monina for the sake of instruction.
		THE Sacred Band of Thebes, or Theban Band, was a battalion composed entirely of friends and lovers; and forms a remarkable example of military comradeship.
	www.sacred-texts.com /lgbt/iol/iol03.htm (5581 words)

	The Battle of Chaeronea, 338 BC Fast Play Rules for Students
		The famed Sacred Band of Thebes fought to the last man in the defeat.
		The reason for this is that historically, that part of the Greek line had a very bad day (allegedly the Sacred band was destroyed in toto by Alexander), and I didn't want to give a kid a command that was just gonna be stomped.
		Fortune abandoned the Sacred Band, and it disintegrated in front of some pike right as the Companions were about to hit them in the flank.
	www.juniorgeneral.org /greece/chaeronea.html (1649 words)

	Alexander the Great - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 338 BC Alexander assisted his father at the decisive Battle of Chaeronea against the Greek city-states of Athens and Thebes, in which the cavalry wing led by Alexander annihilated the Sacred Band of Thebes, an elite corps regarded as invincible.
		After the battle, Phillip led a wild celebration, from which Alexander was notably absent (it is believed he was treating the wounded and burying the dead, both of his own troops and of the enemy).
		The assembled Greeks at the Isthmus of Corinth, with the exception of the Spartans, elected him to the command against Persia, which had previously been bestowed upon his father.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_the_Great (9367 words)

	The Grecian Empire
		From age 13 to 16 he was taught by Aristotle, who inspired him with an interest in philosophy, medicine, and scientific investigation; but he was later to advance beyond his teacher's narrow precept that non-Greeks should be treated as slaves.
		When the Thebans refused to surrender, he made an entry and razed their city to the ground, sparing only temples and Pindar's house; 6,000 were killed and all survivors sold into slavery.
		At Memphis Alexander sacrificed to Apis, the Greek term for Hapi, the sacred Egyptian bull, and was crowned with the traditional double crown of the pharaohs; the native priests were placated and their religion encouraged.
	www.chn-net.com /timeline/grec_emp_alex.html (4162 words)

	Alexander The Great - Crystalinks
		Philip was content to deprive Thebes of her dominion over Boeotia and leave a Macedonian garrison in the citadel.In 336 BC, Philip was assassinated at the wedding of his daughter Cleopatra to King Alexander of Epirus.
		The assassin was supposedly a former lover of the king, the disgruntled young nobleman (Pausanias), who held a grudge against Philip because the king had ignored a complaint he had expressed.
		Moreover, all of the city's citzens were sold into slavery, sparing only the priests, the leaders of the pro-Macedonian party and the descendants of Pindar, whose house was the only one left untouched.
	www.crystalinks.com /alexanderthegreat.html (3823 words)

	Observer - Hua Hin and Cha-am Jokes and Stories
		In ancient Thebes, centuries before the time of Christ, the ‘Sacred Band' was a famous fighting force of 300 men entirely composed of male lovers.
		To be a member of the Sacred Band was the highest honour awarded in Thebes.
		The Band could always be instantly spotted in combat: they wore bronze hat-like Boeotian helmets and carried round shields edged with cable-work burnished to shine like gold even in the dust of battle.
	www.observergroup.net /ob120back/funnies.htm (2230 words)

	Historic Real Treasures Coins & Coin Jewelry: Philip II son of King Amyntas III and Father of Alexander The Great
		368 BC—365 BC) Philip was a hostage in Thebes, which was the most prominent city of Greece at that time.
		During his captivity in Thebes, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from Epaminondas, was involved in a pederastic relationship with Pelopidas and lived with Pammenes, who was an enthusiastic advocate of the Sacred Band of Thebes.
		Philip finally took Olynthus in 348 BC and razed the city to the ground.
	www.realtreasures.com /philipii_king_of_macedonia.htm (1430 words)

	Everything about August 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining.
		- 338 BC - Rise of Macedon: Philip II of Macedon crushes Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea.
		The city's name was used in the plural like those of -Thēbai (Thebes) and -Mykēnai (Mycenae) because it consisted of several parts.
	wikimiki.org /en/August+2 (10689 words)

	Alexander the Great
		After years of planning and strategizing, he finally realized his dream in 338 B.C. That year, the Macedonians defeated Athens and Thebes, the two strongest Greek city-states, at the Battle of Chaeronea.
		Alexander, a mere teenager then, led a cavalry and fought fearlessly against the famed Sacred Band of Thebes.
		As soon as Alexander subdued Thebes, he allowed his men to plunder the entire city and kill anybody in sight!
	www.edhelper.com /ReadingComprehension_42_154.html (1062 words)

	Sacred Band (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		one another when dangers press; but a band
		The Sacred Band of Thebes was an elite Greek troop of 150 pairs of pederastic lovers, according to Plutarch (in the
		-Plato, about the code of honor of the Sacred Band of Thebes
	hometown.aol.com /lightbetraysme/theban.html (189 words)

	Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Bethe (1907) is responsible for the theory that "anal insemination" was a Dorian practice, which is substantially followed by Patzer (1982); see Percy (1996) 27-35 for a succinct history of the controversy about this theory, and 73-92 for his own view of Spartan pederasty.
		Leitao (2001) argues that the Sacred Band of Thebes was not in fact organized on the basis of pederastic couples, as Plutarch imagines.
		Bremmer (1980) and Sergent (1986) 7-54 see in the Cretan abduction ceremony an initiatory rite of Indo-European origins; this theory has been criticized by Dover (1988) 115-34 and Percy (1996) 19-26.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/cc348hubbard/backup/ch02/bibnotes02.html (350 words)

	Alexander the Great, Synopsys,JJP
		t the battle of Chaeronea Philip defeated the allied Greek states of the Sacred Band of Thebes in September 338 BC.
		It is said he has been the first man that charged the Thebans' sacred band.
		When the Thebans refused to surrender, he made an entry and razed their city to the ground, sparing only temples and poet Pindar's house; 6,000 were killed and 30,000 survivors sold into slavery.
	www.1stmuse.com /alex3/alex-text.html (6103 words)

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