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Topic: Sacrospinalis muscle

	IV. Myology. 6. The Fasciæ and Muscles of the Trunk. a. The Deep Muscles of the Back. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy ...
		Each muscle is small and somewhat quadrilateral in form; it arises from the upper and back part of the transverse process, and is inserted into the lower border and lateral surface of the lamina of the vertebra above, the fibers extending as far as the root of the spinous process.
		It is a rudiment of the Extensor muscle of the caudal vertebræ of the lower animals.
		The muscles connecting the anterior tubercles are termed the Intertransversarii anteriores; those between the posterior tubercles, the Intertransversarii posteriores; both sets are supplied by the anterior divisions of the spinal nerves (Lickley 81).
	bartleby.com /107/115.html (1847 words)

	Portable Planetariums Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Pronation is caused by flexion of the pronator teres and pronator quadratus muscles of the forearm.
		The differences in characteristics of the smooth muscles and the striated muscles include: the fibers of the smooth muscles are not arranged regularly as the ones of striated muscles, smooth muscles are use to sustain longer contraction or even near permanent whereas the striated muscles are often used for short, burst activities.
		The Intrinsic muscle groups are the thenar and hypothenar muscles (thenar referring to the thumb, hypothenar to the little finger), the interosseus muscles (between the metacarpal bones, four dorsally and three volarly) and the lumbrical muscles.
	planetarios.com /anatomia1.htm (10820 words)

	eMedicine - Abdominal Hernias : Article by Eustace S Golladay, MD
		Deep to the external oblique muscle is the internal oblique muscle with obliquely and superiorly oriented fascicles arising from the iliac fascia deep to the lateral half of the inguinal ligament, from the anterior two thirds of the iliac crest, and from the lumbodorsal fascia.
		The superior lumbar triangle of Grynfeltt-Lesshaft is bounded superiorly by the 12th rib, the posterior lumbocostal ligament, and the serratus posterior inferior muscle; inferiorly by the superior border of the internal oblique muscle; and posteriorly by the lateral border of the sacrospinalis muscle.
		The muscle fascicles exit the pelvis at the lesser sciatic foramen and have a tendinous insertion on the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic2703.htm (10870 words)

	iliocostalis muscle -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Striated muscle is attached to bone and produces all of the movements of body parts in relation to each other; unlike smooth and cardiac muscle, striated muscle is under voluntary control.
		Both bone and muscle are prone to a range of disorders, from congenital defects to infectious disease to cancer.
		Muscle contractions are essential to the functions of life, from ensuring continuous blood flow in the body to enabling long-distance flights of migratory birds or the energetic performance of an athlete.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042131 (800 words)

	List of muscles of the human body - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are approximately 650 skeletal muscles within the typical human.
		2 The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
		The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_muscles_of_the_human_body (197 words)

	FITNESS FIRE Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Measurements of muscle strength using a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer, and body composition using waist circumference and skinfolds to calculate percentage body fat were made pre-study, at six weeks and on completion of the study.
		Muscle strength appears to be relatively well maintained until 50 yeas of age, thereafter a 15% loss in muscle strength per decade occurs between 50 and 70 years (43), with a 30% loss in muscle strength in the years between 70 and 80 (16).
		Although intrinsic muscle function is reduced with advancing age, age-related decrease in muscle mass is responsible for almost all loss of strength in the older adult.
	www.fitnessfire.com /artSymbioWomen.asp (8686 words)

	Table II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		On the left there are the muscles lying deep to those shown on the right.
		One can also note the interspinales of the neck, to the side of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the neck, the recti and the obliqui capitis below the cranial base and the scaleni, laterally, that go (in the same way as on the right) downwards to the first and the second rib.
		Finally, in the lumbar region, attention is drawn to the posterior aspect of the quadratus lumborum, of which the ileolumbares fasciculi are easily recognizable on the surface and deep inside the ileocostales ones.
	pacs.unica.it /tav2eng.htm (108 words)

	Muscles of the head and neck (from muscle) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Posture is not the only influence on these muscles, for the reduction in the size of the jaws in modern humans also contributes to the observed muscular differences.
		any of the deep muscles of the back near the vertebral column that, as part of the erector spinae (sacrospinalis) muscle group, assist in extension (e.g., bending backward), lateral flexion (bending to the side), and rotation of the spine.
		The spinalis thoracis is the major spinalis muscle, arising from the bones of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral spine and...
	secure.britannica.com /eb/article-58927?tocId=58927 (925 words)

	Monograph 24 ~ Lower Back Trauma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Shortening of the ligaments with contracture of the muscles of the spine exhibit as abnormal stiffness or hardness of the muscles on the side of the spine that suffers from contractures.
		Painful attacks with severe muscle splinting, often with brief episodes of paresis and paresthesiae, are sudden in onset and frequently bilateral as opposed to the unilateral pain of a posterolateral disc protrusion.
		Muscle weakness, sensory deficits, and reduced circulation of the lower extremities that differ bilaterally are usually associated.
	www.chiro.org /rc_schafer/mono-24.shtml (17445 words)

	[No title]
		The intrinsic muscles of the vertebral column lie deep to a number of large muscles which connect the upper limb to the trunk (fig.
		Muscles that span several spinal segments receive their innervation from dorsal rami of several segmental spinal nerves.
		In the lumbar region, muscle fibers arise from the robust lumbar aponeurosis and in the lower thoracic regions the erector spinae divides into three longitudinal columns of muscle.
	www.emory.edu /ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/back.html (2141 words)

	Unit 1 -- BIOL 427 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Explain muscle evidence that the scapula is one bone formed by the fusion of several different embryological bones.
		Contrast the role of flexor and extensor muscles in posture.
		Explain why flexor muscles of the arm are anterior while flexor muscles of the leg are posterior.
	www.towson.edu /users/smoes/unit1_427.htm (781 words)

	WetCanvas: ArtsSchool Online: Basic Anatomy: L8
		The soleus is a large flat muscle attached to the upper one-fourth and head of the fibula, to a fibrous band which stretches between fibula and tibia.
		The sacrospinalis muscle has a large flat tendinous attachment to the sacrum and the posterior part of the iliac crest.
		The Quadratus Lumborum is a short, thick column of muscle arising from the posterior part of the iliac crest and inserting into the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae, and the twelfth rib.
	www.wetcanvas.com /ArtSchool/Drawing/Anatomy/Lesson8 (777 words)

	Low back pain and episacral lipomas
		Depending upon the severity of the pain, there may be a restriction of the lumbar range of motion, and the pain may increase with positioning.
		There may well be a significant degree of paraspinal muscle spasming which may also be related to the referred pain, as well as the nature of the original incident.
		The posterior elements of the lumbar spine are innervated by branches of the lumbar dorsal rami separate from conditions produced by the intervetebral disc, referred pain or syndromes mediated by other nerves.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/18/19/04.html (1851 words)

	Chemical substances - Patent 4657553
		In the case of muscle implants, relatively large blocks of the hydrogel may be shaped by the surgeon immediately prior to implantation.
		We have surprisingly found that significant blocks of muscle tissue can successfully be replaced and after recovery of the subject from surgery, the implant is barely palpable and hypertrophy of surrounding muscle may compensate for the lost muscle tissue.
		Two studies were carried out in the rat: in the first a large muscle defect in the sacrospinalis muscle in the lumbar region was replaced with polyacrylamideagarose and the fascia closed over it, while in the second a pair of "breast implants" were placed subcutaneously or retropectoral in the anterior thoracic region.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4657553.html (2628 words)

	Post traumatic lumbar hernia. Sarela AI, Mavanur AA, Bhaskar A, Soonawala ZF, Devnani G, Shah HK, Samsi AB J Postgrad ...
		Lumbar hernias occur in the quadrilateral that is bounded above by the 12th rib, below by the iliac crest, behind by the erector spinae muscle and in front by a vertical line drawn from the tip of the 12th rib to the iliac crest.
		The superior lumbar triangle (Grynfeitt-Lesshaft's) is bounded above by the 12th rib and the sacrospinalis muscle, behind by the erector spinae group and in front by the internal oblique.
		The spontaneously acquired variety may represent either a delayed presentation of the congenital variety or may be due to weakening of the muscle layers and various straining factors (as in the commonly seen inguinal hernia)[2].
	www.jpgmonline.com /article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=1996;volume=42;issue=3;spage=78;epage=80;aulast=Sarela (1364 words)

	Handbook of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Conditions
		Injury to the erector spinae muscle in the cervical region.
		Injury to the erector spinae muscle in the thorax.
		Injury to the sacrospinalis muscle in the lumbar region.
	www.harcourt-international.com /catalogue/title.cfm?ISBN=1901149005 (333 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Comparison of sacrospinalis myoelectric activity and pain levels in patients undergoing static and intermittent lumbar traction.
		A pair of surface electrodes were placed bilaterally over the sacrospinalis muscle at the L3-L4 level parallel to the direction of the muscle fibers.
		Subjects were asked to lay in the prone position and to raise their chests off of the table for 4 seconds to establish a myoelectrical baseline.
	www.marquette.edu /pt/research/letch.html (321 words)

	NET Remedies® (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Some of the muscles related to the Earth Element are the Pectoralis clavicular, Brachioradialis and Neck Flexors, which are all effected by the cervical spinal nerves.
		Some of the muscles related to the Metal Element are the Tensor Fascia Lata, Hamstrings and Quadratus Lumborum, which are all effected by the lumbar spinal nerves.
		Some of the muscles related to the liver are the Pectoralis Sternal and the Rhomboids.
	www.netmindbody.com /remedies_net_remedies.html (1394 words)

	Singing and the Alexander Technique
		A throat is truly open when all the suspensory muscles are working freely in balance, the vocal cords are lengthened and approximating well, the tongue and palate muscles are released and all this is fully coordinated with the organ of breathing.
		Whenthese muscles are encouraged to reach their proper length, the entire torso is suspended, the student lengthens in stature, the intercostal arch opens and widens allowing the diaphragm to come into position and move freely without unnecessary effort which then permits the breath to enter the lungs easily.
		Such low breathing results in an over-use, collapse, and distention of the lower abdominal muscles, and results in a severe collapse of the torso and the diaphragm, a pulling in of the lower back, stiffening in the pelvic muscles and legs, and a heavy shortening of the muscles at the front of the body.
	www.alexandercenter.com /pa/voice.html (7650 words)

	Search Results for erector - Encyclopædia Britannica
		a deep muscle of the back; it arises from a tendon attached to the crest along the centre of the sacrum (the part of the backbone at the level of the pelvis, formed of five vertebrae fused...
		any of the deep muscles of the back near the vertebral column that, as part of the erector spinae (sacrospinalis) muscle group, assist in extension (e.g., bending backward), lateral flexion (bending...
		any of the deep muscles of the back that, as part of the erector spinae (sacrospinalis) muscle group, aid in extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending to the side), and rotation of the...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=erector&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (392 words)

	Richard DonTigny Sacroiliac FAQ
		SIJD may inhibit the peroneus longus muscle in the leg that functions to support the cuneiform bone and the head of the metatarsal during normal gait.
		Instead of giving the injections into the piriformis muscle, try a local anesthetic and steroid into the area of the posterior INFERIOR iliac spine, which is the location of the S3 subluxation and very near to the piriformis muscle.
		If your abdominal muscles are weak and if you carry extra weight on the front of the pelvis, the constant strain on the posterior ligaments may eventually cause the prolo to fail.
	www.kalindra.com /faq.htm (16708 words)

	PUBLIC DECISIONS - No.135/2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In his WCB progress report dated April 3, 1998, the physician noted loss of lumbar lordosis, spasm of the sacrospinalis muscle and loss of rotation/flexion of the back.
		In her report dated August 25, 1998, the anesthetist noted that the claimant's lumbar spine demonstrated significant paraspinal muscle spasm, that he found straightening from a flexed position to be painful and that palpation revealed tenderness at the L4 and L5 facet joints.
		The reports from the claimant's family physicians since 1997, his orthopaedic surgeon and the physical medicine and rehabilitation consultant, are all of the view that the claimant's condition is related to the 1997 accident and not to a pre-existing condition.
	www.appeal.mb.ca /pds/02135.html (2393 words)

	Functional and Metabolic Consequences of Sarcopenia -- Evans 127 (5): 998 -- Journal of Nutrition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A reduction in muscle strength is a major component of normal aging.
		Flegg J. Lakatta E. Role of muscle loss in the age-associated reduction in VO max.
		Larsson L. Grimby G., Karlsson J. Muscle strength and speed of movement in relation to age and muscle morphology.
	nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/127/5/998S (4703 words)

	Treatment of Post-Laminectomy Surgical Pain. Acupuncture Today, February 2001
		Examination of the sacrospinalis muscle (UB, second line) with moderate digital palpation revealed numerous trigger points.
		When the patient's results plateaued, the microcurrent stimulation was changed to milliamp stimulation (milliamp stimulation was maintained as a noticeable, mild tingling sensation).
		A course of daily stretching exercises was also recommended (as part of the protocol) to assist in recovery of the muscles and tendons.
	www.acupuncturetoday.com /archives2001/feb/02katz.html (409 words)

	Na+-K+ Pump Regulation and Skeletal Muscle Contractility -- CLAUSEN 83 (4): 1269 -- Physiological Reviews
		in muscles of the guinea pig (155) and the rat (435).
		to evaporation from the muscle specimens, impurity of the [
		Isolated muscles were mounted for isometric contraction and either stimulated for 30 s at 60 Hz or allowed to rest.
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/83/4/1269 (6922 words)

	[No title]
		In September 1947 a rating decision granted an increased disability evaluation to 10 percent effective from July 29, 1947, based upon findings noted on VA examination in July 1947 which found bilateral tenderness at the insertion of the sacrospinalis muscles.
		No atrophy or limitation of motion was found; however, lateral bending was painful in the contralateral insertion of the sacrospinalis.
		Reflexes, sensation and muscle strength were normal and x-ray examination revealed mild levoconvex lumbar rotoscoliosis and mild L2-L3 interspace narrowing.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files3/9421821.txt (1609 words)

	Endocrine Surgeon
		An initial incision is made in a curvilinear fashion from the midline at the level of the 10th rib inferiolaterally to the superior border of the posterior iliac crest.
		The diaphragm, muscle and fascia, and skin are then repaired.
		This is a relatively new procedure, a so-called minimally invasive technique, facilitated by the advent of microcameras and the development of specialist surgical instruments that can be introduced into the abdomen via small holes.
	www.endocrinesurgeon.co.uk /adrenals/adrenals16-4.html (957 words)

	Restoration of Bowel and Bladder Function in Patients with Paraplegia by Vascularized Intercostal Nerve Transfer to ...
		The selected intercostal nerves were separated from the abdominal muscle, cutoff at the distal nipple line, and their severed blood vessels ligated.
		The intact blood vessels’ proximal ends were moved freely to the edge of the levator muscle.
		Finally, the connected nerves were bedded within a thin layer of sacrospinalis muscle, and the vertebral canal was covered with a muscle flap.
	www.healingtherapies.info /Bowel&Bladder.htm (1839 words)

	Research Paper:
		The muscles in the upper back, abdomen and ribcage will straighten the spine, and the brace will limit the range of motion.
		Sacrospinalis muscle strengthening – exercise to strengthen the lower back.
		Moderate chest workouts are acceptable, but building upper body muscles is not recommended because of increasing pressure onto the sunken sternum, thus compromising lung function further.
	www.geocities.com /dynamo8699/PE.html (2239 words)

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