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Topic: Safavid dynasty

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Safavids

Zahed Gilani

Safavi

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Tahmasp I

Qajar dynasty

Seljuk Turk

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History of Persia

Pahlavi dynasty

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Persian Empire

	Qajar dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The headship of the dynasty is inherited by the eldest male descendent of Mohammad Ali Shah.
		The heir presumptive is the Qajar claimant to the throne of Iran.
		Qajars Dynasty Turkoman dynasty of the Shahs of Persia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qajar_dynasty (1903 words)

	Safavid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Safavids (Persian: صفویان) were a native Iranian dynasty from Azarbaijan that ruled from 1501 to 1736, and which established Shi'a Islam as Iran's official religion and united its provinces under a single Iranian sovereignty, thereby reigniting the Persian identity and acting as a bridge to modern Iran.
		In the meantime, the navy-less Safavids lost the island of Hormuz to the Portuguese in 1507.
		Later during Safavid and especially Qajar period the role of Shia ulema increased and they were able to exercise a role, independent of or compatible with the government's.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Safavids (3041 words)

	History of Iran: Safavid Empire 1502 - 1736
		Safavids went on and conquered rest of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Khorasan; They became the strongest force in Iran, and their leader, Esma'il, now fifteen, was declared Shah (King) on 11 March 1502.
		Safavid's power over various tribes was not strong enough to consolidate an absolute supremacy; tribal leaders remained those who had been tribal chieftains and consider their tribes to be independent.
		This masterpiece is known as "Shahnameh of Tahmaspi" and was presented by the Safavid ruler to the Ottoman sultan Selim II in 1568.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/safavids/safavids.php (4245 words)

	Persian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Safavid Dynasty hailed from the town of Ardabil in the region of Azarbaijan.
		Safavid Persia was a violent and chaotic state for the next seventy years, but in 1588 Shah Abbas I of Safavid ascended to the throne and instituted a cultural and political renaissance.
		However, the Safavids were severely weakened, and that same year (1722), the empire's Afghani subjects launched a bloody revolt in response to the Safavids' attempts to convert them from Sunni to Shi'a Islam by force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Persian_Empire (4675 words)

	Safavid articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Safavid SAFAVID [Safavid], Iranian dynasty (1499-1736), that established Shiite Islam in Iran as an official state religion.
		Ismail ISMAIL [Ismail], 1486-1524, shah of Persia (1502-24), founder of the Safavid dynasty.
		Tahmasp TAHMASP [Tahmasp], 1514-76, shah of Persia (1524-76), son and successor of Ismail and the second of the Safavid dynasty.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printablenew/40772.html (478 words)

	Histroy of Iran
		The height of Safavid glory was at the time of the reign of Shah Abbas I (1571-1629), who encouraged contact and trade with Europe and transformed his new capital, Isfahan, into one of the most magnificent cities of Persia.
		The presence at the Safavid court of foreign envoys and the growing number of merchants and travellers in Iran was later to have a great influence on the arts and literature in Europe.
		Safavid potters developed new types of Chinese inspired Kubachi blue and white polychrome ware, due perhaps to the influence of the three hundred Chinese potters and their families who were settled in Iran (in Kerman) by Shah Abbas I. Ceramic tiles were produced especially in Tabriz and in Samarkand.
	www.farhangsara.com /history_safavids.htm (1706 words)

	Shi'a: The Safavids
		He had assumed control of the Safavids in 1494 AD / 900 AH (at the age of seven!), and appears to have gained a fanatical following by not only calling himself the representative of the Hidden Imam, but by claiming to be the Hidden Imam himself (later he would claim divinity).
		The greatest of the Safavid arts was architecture; the Safavid mosques, palaces, and parks built during the reign of Abbas I are among the greatest architectural achievements in Islam.
		Both Islamic and Western historians believe that Safavid decline began shortly after the death of Shah Abbas I. The later Shahs were never as firm or disciplined as Abbas, and the Empire slowly disintegrated under the invasive pressures of the Ottomans and the Uzbeks in the north.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/SHIA/SAFAVID.HTM (1091 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		SAFAVID [Safavid], Iranian dynasty (1499-1736), that established Shiite Islam in Iran as an official state religion.
		The consolidation of Safavid rule was completed during the reign of Shah Abbas I.
		Recognizing his military inferiority vis-à-vis the Ottoman Sultanate, Abbas accepted the Ottoman occupation of the western parts of his domain and was thus able to concentrate his efforts on creating a standing army and halting Uzbek incursions from the east.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Safavid (362 words)

	Safavid dynasty
		The Safavids were established Shi'ite Islam as a state religion of Iran, which became a major factor in the emergence of unified national consciousness’ among the various ethnic and linguistic elements of the country.
		The founder of dynasty Ismail I, as a head of Sufis of Ardabil won enough support from the local Turkmens and other disaffected heterodox tribes to enable him to capture Tabriz from Ak Koyunlu, an Uzbek confederation, and in July 1501 Ismail was enthroned as shah of Azerbaijan.
		After the death of Shah Abbas I (1629) the Safavids dynasty lasted for about a century, but except for interlude during the reign of Shah Abbas II (1642-66) it was a period of decline.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/5246/Safav.html (408 words)

	Iransaga - Persian Art, The Safavids
		The Safavid dynasty, of Turkish origin, is generally considered to have lasted from 1502 to 1737, and under Shah Ismail's rule the Shi'ite doctrine was imposed as a state religion.
		The Safavids continued the attempts of the Ilkhanids to foster closer diplomatic ties with the European powers, in order to cement alliances against the Ottomans.
		Early Safavid painting combined the traditions of Timurid Herat and Turkoman Tabriz to reach a peak in technical excellence and emotional expressiveness, which for many is the finest hour in Persian painting.
	www.art-arena.com /safavidart.htm (856 words)

	Karabakh.org \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Safavids were originally from Ardebil, a town in the South Azerbaijan.
		The founder of the dynasty is considered to be Sheikh Safi[addin], a Shiite spiritual leader, who lived in XIV c.
		After the Safavid State was established, the territory of the state was divided into administrative units- provinces (beilarbeiliyi).
	www.karabakh.org /?id=3035&item= (500 words)

	Iran - MSN Encarta
		Notable among them were the Safavids, who headed a militant Sufi order founded in the northwest by Shaikh Safi of Ardabīl in the early 14th century.
		This marked the beginning of the Safavid dynasty and was the first time since the 7th century that all of Iran was unified as an independent state.
		Intermittent warfare between the Safavids and the Ottoman Empire continued for more than 150 years as successive rulers of each accused one another of heretical beliefs.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567300_11/Iran.html (1962 words)

	Historical Setting
		The Safavids faced the problem of integrating their Turkic-speaking followers with the native Iranians, their fighting traditions with the Iranian bureaucracy, and their messianic ideology with the exigencies of administering a territorial state.
		The Safavid Empire received a blow that was to prove fatal in 1524, when the Ottoman sultan Selim I defeated the Safavid forces at Chaldiran and occupied the Safavid capital, Tabriz.
		Although he was forced to withdraw because of the harsh winter and Iran's scorched earth policy, and although Safavid rulers continued to assert claims to spiritual leadership, the defeat shattered belief in the shah as a semidivine figure and weakened the hold of the shah over the qizilbash chiefs.
	www.parstimes.com /history/historicalsetting.html (20953 words)

	' +caption+ ' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Isfahan, a major city in central Iran, was the splendid capital of the Seljuq and Safavid dynasties whose legacies established Iran (formerly Persia) as the cultural heart of the eastern Islamic world in terms of language (Persian), art, and architecture.
		By selecting Isfahan as his royal seat, Abbas associated his rule with an illustrious dynasty of the past, which was especially crucial in the early years of Abbas's rule when the survival of the Safavid dynasty was indeed questionable.
		After the death of Shah Abbas I in 1629, the Safavid dynasty endured for about a century, but, with the exception of the reign of Shah Abbas II (1642 66), it degenerated from the heights achieved under Abbas I. Isfahan was conquered by the Ghilzay Afghans in 1722.
	depts.washington.edu /uwch/silkroad/cities/iran/isfahan/isfahan.html (2555 words)

	16th Century Persian Women's Clothing
		The Safavid Dynasty came to power in approximately 1501 and lasted until the early part of the 18th century.
		The major difference between the earlier Safavid and the later Timurid court painting is in the costume details, such as the headgear of the Shiiat turbans" (Shirazi-Mahajan, 147).
		The bottom layer being a white veil which appears to be tied under the chin, almost kerchief style, while the top consists of a shoulder legenth veil which is pinned at the top, front of the head and it is often embroidered as well (see Figure A, B, or C).
	www.geocities.com /louise_de_la_mare/16thcentpersianwomen.htm (1603 words)

	HISTORY OF THE PERSIAN CARPET
		In 641 A.D., the Sassanian dynasty was overthrow by the Arabs and the country conquered for Islam.
		During the reign of the Safavid dynasty in Iran, the arts of calligraphy, gilding, tiling painting, miniatures, architecture and carpet weaving approached their highest previous level.
		The master weavers of the Safavid dynasty created about one-thousand, five hundred carpets and rugs, some of which are magnificent masterpieces known all over the world.
	www.neopersia.com /about-carpet.htm (1835 words)

	Tthornton : Safavid and Ottoman Eras, 1500 - 1914
		The Ottomans recaptured Baghdad in 1638 and a treaty with the Safavids in 1639 ended a century of off and on conflict.
		1794 - 1925 The Qajar dynasty in Iran.
		This dynasty lasted until the abdication of Egypt's last king, Farouk, in 1952.
	www.nmhschool.org /tthornton/mehistorydatabase/safavid_and_ottoman_eras.htm (7068 words)

	Learn About Rugs - History - Significant Periods \| e Rug.com Handmade Carpets & Area Rugs
		The greatest period of Persian art and especially rug weaving was during the reign of the Safavid Dynasty (1502-1722), mainly during the rule of Shah Tahmasp (1524-76) and Shah Abbas I (1588-1629).
		Safavid Shahs (rulers) established royal weaving workshops in the cities of Kashan, Kerman, Esfahan, Joshaqan, Tabriz, Yazd, Shiraz, Herat (part of Afghanistan today) and Sabzevar.
		In 1903 Nasser-e Din Shah, the Persian king of Qajar Dynasty (1794-1925) banned the use of aniline dyes in Iran.
	www.eruggallery.com /learnrugs/learn_hstry/lrn_hstry_periods.htm (460 words)

	The Modern Magazine for Persian Celebrations, Cuisine, Culture & Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Afghans invaded Persia in 1719 and dethroned the Safavid Shah.
		By 1500 the Safavids had converted to Shi’is and Esma'il the thirteen-year-old son of a killed Safavid leader, Sheikh Heydar, decided to expand territory and avenge his father’s death.
		Although the Safavids were Turkish, the adopted the Persian language and unified all to one Iranian rule.
	www.persianmirror.com /culture/history/safavid.cfm (2234 words)

	Safavids Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Safavids - Turkoman dynasty of the shahs of Persia
		In 1507 he occupied Iraq, immediately elevated Twelve Shiism to the national religion, and sought political reconciliation between the Turkomans (the Qizilbash, the military) and the Iranian population (the administration).
		A rapid economic decline began under the last Safavids, Sultan Hussein (1694-1722), who, through religious intolerance and compulsory conversion to the Shiite faith, provoked the Sunnite parts of the empire.
	www.islamicarchitecture.org /dynasties/safavids.html (991 words)

	Persian Art Periods,
		During the Mongol Timurid dynasty (13691506) Chinese influences were apparent in the development of one of Persia's greatest artistic achievements, the miniature, which was used to illustrate books of poetry, history, and romances.
		The Safavid dynasty (15021736) produced miniatures, which now began to show the influence of Western styles; fine carpets many of the finest Persian carpets are Safavid; fabrics, particularly silk; and metalwork.
		The Safavid dynasty marked the beginning of Persia's artistic decline, as European influences grew stronger.
	www.persianpaintings.com /history.html (484 words)

	@history: WIRED: Chapter 21
		As Activity One demonstrated, the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Dynasty, and Mughal Dynasty were all new political configurations in the fifteenth century.
		The rulers of the dynasty were, like the Ottoman rulers, Muslim, yet the Safavid Dynasty used religion differently to promote order and stability in its realm.
		As Activity Five demonstrates, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Dynasty, and Mughal Dynasty were highly involved in international affairs between 1500 and 1800.
	college.hmco.com /history/world/mckay/world_societies/5e/students/web_activities/ch21.htm (2599 words)

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