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Topic: Safeguards

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	World Nuclear Association \| Information and Issue Briefs \| Safeguards to Prevent Nuclear Proliferation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Safeguards are designed to deter diversion of nuclear material by increasing the risk of early detection.
		The aim of traditional IAEA safeguards is to deter the diversion of nuclear material from peaceful use by maximising the risk of early detection.
		In this way safeguards are a service both to the international community and to individual states, who recognise that it is in their own interest to demonstrate compliance with these commitments.
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/inf12.htm (3653 words)

	Safeguards - ADB.org
		ADB's safeguard policies are central to achieving sustained development impact and poverty reduction.
		Safeguard policies prescribe "do no harm" requirements that must be met for all ADB projects.
		ADB has embarked on a safeguard policy update to enhance the effectiveness of its safeguard policies, and ensure their relevance to changing client needs and new lending modalities and instruments.
	www.adb.org /Safeguards/default.asp (177 words)

	WTO \| legal texts - Marrakesh Agreement
		When a customs union applies a safeguard measure as a single unit, all the requirements for the determination of serious injury or threat thereof under this Agreement shall be based on the conditions existing in the customs union as a whole.
		When a safeguard measure is applied on behalf of a member State, all the requirements for the determination of serious injury or threat thereof shall be based on the conditions existing in that member State and the measure shall be limited to that member State.
		An import quota applied as a safeguard measure in conformity with the relevant provisions of GATT 1994 and this Agreement may, by mutual agreement, be administered by the exporting Member.
	www.wto.org /english/docs_e/legal_e/25-safeg_e.htm (2368 words)

	U.S.-IAEA Safeguards Agreement
		Efforts to devise acceptable Treaty provisions for IAEA safeguards in nuclear-weapons states were unsuccessful, and by late 1967, the safeguards issue had become a serious obstacle to acceptance of the NPT by major industrialized non-nuclear weapon states.
		Soon after the NPT entered into force in March 1970, a Safeguards Committee established by the IAEA Board of Governors undertook to advise the Board concerning the form and content of the safeguards agreements to be concluded with the non-nuclear weapon states party to the NPT.
		Safeguards shall terminate on nuclear material upon determination by the Agency that the material has been consumed, or has been diluted in such a way that it is no longer usable for any nuclear activity relevant from the point of view of safeguards, or has become practicably irrecoverable.
	www.state.gov /t/ac/trt/5209.htm (11750 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: Opinion & Analysis - International vs. Domestic Nuclear Safeguards: The Need for Clarity in ...
		The purpose of such safeguards is to verify the fulfilment of the state party's obligations under the NPT - to prevent diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.
		Note that a disloyal (e.g., bribed) safeguards inspector can also attempt to hide evidence of violations, but in doing so, he or she is presumably in the employ of the host state.
		For international safeguards, however, it may sometimes be necessary for the Adversary, using host facility personnel, to install the tags or seals, perhaps under the watchful eye of the inspectors.
	www.acronym.org.uk /dd/dd69/69op01.htm (5903 words)

	The Uranium Institute \| Factsheets \| Safeguards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The safeguards system is designed such that it may be applied to the whole of a country's nuclear activity, to specific materials or simply to a nuclear facility.
		The IAEA safeguards system is a highly sophisticated monitoring system appropriate for application to a wide range of activities, including the complex nuclear fuel cycles in advanced industrialised countries.
		The basic principles of IAEA safeguards implementation require that a country establish a national system of accounting and control for all nuclear material subject to safeguards, and send to the IAEA monthly accountancy reports showing where such material is located.
	www.world-nuclear.org /factsheets/safeguards.htm (1104 words)

	Leventhal: IAEA Safeguards Shortcomings
		When IAEA safeguards are actually applied to commercial-scale nuclear fuel facilities, the agency's accounting methods could miss the diversion of dozens of weapons' worth of nuclear material a year at these facilities.
		The Agency concedes that such terms as significant quantity "have to be 'translated' into detection goals so that safeguards can be applied in an effective manner."6 This is an evasive way of saying that since the IAEA cannot meet its original safeguards standard, it must relax the standard to one that can be met.
		Safeguards secrecy feeds suspicions among regional neighbors that "peaceful" plutonium (or highly enriched uranium) is being, or could be, moved into a clandestine weapons program without being detected by the IAEA.
	www.nci.org /p/plsgrds.htm (2832 words)

	Miller: Are IAEA Safeguards ... Effective?
		However, in judging safeguards effectiveness, it is also logical to be able to distinguish between a situation in which the performance of the safeguards system is only marginally worse than the detection goals, and one in which the differences are considerable.
		As to the remedy of defining alternative safeguards goals, this is widely-and, in the author's view, correctly—perceived as a retreat from the original detection goals, indicative of both the Agency's inability to meet these goals and its unwillingness to admit this fact.
		Although we have followed the common practice of focusing on safeguards in the chemical process area of a reprocessing plant, it is also important to note that there are significant errors in the current measurements of other plutonium- bearing streams in such a plant.
	www.nci.org /k-m/mmsgrds.htm (4079 words)

	Nuclear proliferation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Allied to this role is the administration of safeguards arrangements to provide assurance to the international community that individual countries are honouring their commitments under the treaty.
		Although all these facilities at Yongbyon were to be under safeguards, there was always the risk that at some stage, the DPRK would withdraw from the NPT and use the plutonium for weapons.
		One of the first steps in applying NPT safeguards is for the IAEA to verify the initial stocks of uranium and plutonium to ensure that all the nuclear material in the country have been declared for safeguards purposes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_proliferation (6990 words)

	Safeguards Technology Inc. Perimeter Security Fencing and Perimeter security and detection - Home Page (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Safeguards Technology perimeter security and Intrusion systems and perimeter security fencing and detection systems offer the best in fencing Perimeter intrusion detection systems and Security fencing for Perimeter security and Perimeter protection systems and Intrusion detection system and security fencing system for all perimeter intrusion detection systems.
		Safeguards Technology assures the client of the highest quality installation and maximum performance for many years to come.
		Safeguards Technology Intrusion systems and Smart intruder perimeter intrusion detection systems offer the best in Perimeter intrusion detection systems and Security fencing maintains Perimeter security and enhances Perimeter protection and Intrusion detection on all Security fencing.
	www.safeguards.com.cob-web.org:8888 (2250 words)

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: Strengthening Nuclear Safeguards: Special Committee to the Rescue?
		Comprehensive safeguards, as they are known today, can be described as a set of internationally approved technical and legal measures to verify the political undertakings of states not to use nuclear material to manufacture nuclear weapons and to deter any such use.
		The director-general and the Department of Safeguards continue to use this group of experts from member states for advice on technical and procedural matters involving the implementation of nuclear safeguards.
		Although integrated safeguards are touted as more efficient and cost effective because they reduce the number of inspections per year in countries that have a history of responsible nonproliferation behavior, they may also bring opportunities for countries to restart dormant nuclear programs clandestinely or develop parallel weapons programs without the agency noticing.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/2005_12/Dec-Safeguards.asp (3355 words)

	WTO \| Trade topics - Safeguards Gateway
		A WTO member may take a “safeguard” action (i.e., restrict imports of a product temporarily) to protect a specific domestic industry from an increase in imports of any product which is causing, or which is threatening to cause, serious injury to the industry.
		The Committee on Safeguards monitors, and reports annually to the Goods Council, on the general implementation of the agreement.
		A member affected by a safeguard measure may ask the committee to make a finding on whether the measure complies with the agreement’s procedural requirements.
	www.wto.org /english/tratop_e/safeg_e/safeg_e.htm (499 words)

	Parent's Rights/Procedural Safeguards
		The revised Procedural Safeguards document reflects current requirements and should be incorporated into the district’s referral process for special education evaluation as soon as possible.
		If the native language or other mode of communication is not a written language, the school must translate the notice orally or by other means so that it is understood by the parent.
		Educating parents, school personnel, and the public in the contents of the Procedural Safeguards document and the ARD Guide document will enhance the ability of parents to participate effectively in decision-making processes involving the education of their child.
	www.tea.state.tx.us /special.ed/explansaf (491 words)

	Safeguard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the WTO system, a member may take a “safeguard” action (i.e., restrict imports of a product temporarily) to protect a specific domestic industry from an increase in imports of any product which is causing, or which is threatening to cause, serious injury to the domestic industry that produces like or directly competitive products.
		Safeguards are usually seen as responses to fair trade behaviour, as opposed to responses to unfair trade practices such as
		Some safeguard measures can be resorted to in the area of services, as provided for in the GATS.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Safeguard (389 words)

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: IAEA Board Seeks Strengthened Safeguards
		Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) states-parties are required to conclude an IAEA safeguards agreement, which allows the agency to monitor certain declared nuclear activities and facilities to ensure that they are used for peaceful purposes.
		However, a non-nuclear-weapon NPT state may conclude a small quantities protocol to its safeguards agreement as long as the state does not possess more than 1 kilogram of “special fissionable material,” which consists of 1 kilogram of plutonium or progressively larger amounts of enriched, natural, or depleted uranium.
		Although Bush called for the committee to exclude IAEA members under investigation for safeguards violations, the committee’s membership is “open ended,” according to ElBaradei.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/2005_07-08/IAEA_Safeguards.asp (1183 words)

	NECTAC: Procedural Safeguards and Complaint Resolution Under IDEA
		The procedural safeguards required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) are intended to protect the interests of families and children with special needs, as well as the special education and the early intervention systems.
		Early intervention and special education personnel are legally obligated to explain procedural safeguards to families and to support an active adherence to and understanding of these safeguards for all involved.
		The rights and procedural safeguards guaranteed under Part C of IDEA provide a framework for a family's experience in early intervention.
	www.nectac.org /topics/procsafe/procsafe.asp (861 words)

	Safeguards Training Children's Services Training is a joint training project of five provincial associations in the ...
		Safeguards: Children's Services Training is a unique training program designed to meet the highly specialized training needs of staff serving children, youth, adults and families in Ontario.
		Safeguards mandate is to provide state of the art training and resources to improve the well-being of vulnerable children, youth and families within the province.
		Safeguards' goal is to strengthen the capacity of the children's services sector in Ontario through the delivery of unique, leading-edge training based on the latest research, clinical developments, therapeutic approaches and best practice.
	www.safeguards-training.net (341 words)

	IAEA Department of Safeguards
		Supervises the evaluation of safeguards implementation under the additional protocol and for States under an integrated safeguards regime.
		Senior Safeguards Inspector (Unit Head) (4 posts), P5 University degree with emphasis in a nuclear discipline, supplemented by in-depth theoretical and practical training in areas relevant to safeguards on a level comparable to a second university degree.
		Manages the development, evaluation and authorization of safeguards equipment systems, particularly those involving containment, surveillance and monitoring of nuclear and associated processes, and the operation of safeguards equipment system networks within a nuclear facility.
	www.bnl.gov /ispo/future_job_postings.htm (1751 words)

	The SafeGuards Project (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		SafeGuards will be participating in Commemorate, Educate, Re-Dedicate a multi-organization event, 5-8 pm @ Broad Street Ministry, 315 S...
		Smoking in LGBT Communities : In July 0f 2003, SafeGuards conducted over 200 face-to-face interviews to try and understand the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of LGBT people with regards to smoking.
		Lesbians & Breast Cancer: the Latest Research : Safeguards compiled this review of the research literature on the subject of breast cancer among lesbians.
	www.safeguards.org.cob-web.org:8888 (1058 words)

	Managed Accounts Customer Safeguards - Prevent the accumulation of losses, Ensure sufficient resources available to ...
		Because of the Financial Safeguard System, the funds placed in your investment account have vital safeguards in place to protect you.
		The system is designed to provide the highest level of safety and the early detection of unsound financial practices on the part of any clearing member.
		The financial safeguard system is operated by a “Risk Management Team,” which is directed by senior management from the Audit, Clearing, Finance, Legal, Market Regulation, Risk Management and Executive areas of CME.
	www.ma-research.com /customer_safeguards.html (672 words)

	Our Work: Verification
		Inspectors work to verify that safeguarded nuclear material and activities are not used for military purposes.
		Under a Trilateral Initiative with the Russian Federation and United States, the IAEA is supporting steps to verify weapon-origin and other fissile materials that these two countries have released from their defense programmes.
		The IAEA Department of Safeguards is the organizational hub for the IAEA's safeguards work, with INVO responsible for the Iraq nuclear file relevant to UN Security Council resolutions.
	www.iaea.org /OurWork/SV/index.html (229 words)

	Procedural Safeguards
		If the district has made FAPE available to your child but you elect to place your child in a private school or facility without the consent or referral of the school district, the school district is not required to pay for the cost of the education, including special education and related services.
		In addition and at the discretion of an ALJ or court, your request for reimbursement may not be denied if you cannot read and write in English or compliance with the notice would have likely resulted in physical harm to your child.
		For children who have attained age eighteen (18) and are incarcerated in a juvenile justice facility or local correctional facility, all rights accorded to parents transfer to the student, including the right to notices.
	www.pinellas.k12.fl.us /ESE/safeguards.html (6156 words)

	Procedural Safeguards - Oregon Department of Education
		Any provisions in the Oregon Administrative Rules not impacted by the federal regulations remain in effect until the provision is changed through the Oregon administrative rulemaking process.
		This Procedural Safeguards Notice will be available for public comment during the revision of the Oregon Administrative Rules.
		Additional information about special education and these procedural safeguards is available by contacting a local school district special education administrator or school principal, the Oregon Department of Education’s Office of Student Learning & Partnerships, or the Oregon Parent Training and Information Center.
	www.ode.state.or.us /search/results/?id=261 (311 words)

	Command Security Corporation Incorporating Aviation Safeguards (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		We safeguard against theft, fraud, fire, intrusion, vandalism and the manifold threats that today's world brings.
		Command has grown since its establishment in 1980 from a regional security service company to one with national capabilities and locations.
		At the same time, Aviation Safeguards, founded in 1979, developed as a company focused on the airline industry and came under the Command banner in 1995.
	www.commandsecurity.com.cob-web.org:8888 (569 words)

	Using SafeGuards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This kind of safeguards I used to implement myself, and for the code to look nice and clean I didn\'t declare the interface variables, but I defined functions that return interfaces.
		What happens if you use Safeguards on an object but take upon yourself to destroy the object directly.
		Basically, it changes from "create an object, work with object, free object" to "create object with safeguard, work with object".
	bdn.borland.com /article/27465 (668 words)

	Safeguards For You
		It is also very important that you guard your heart by not watching adulterous TV shows and going places such as public swimming pools and beaches.
		Paul kept a clear conscience because there would be "a resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked." Similarly, Paul told Timothy he also needed to hold to faith and a good conscience.
		The reason was to safeguard his faith from becoming shipwrecked like that of Hymenaeus and Alexander:
	www.evangelicaloutreach.org /safegard.htm (3720 words)

	safeguards - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "safeguards" is defined.
		Safeguards : Glossary of Trade and Shipping Terms [home, info]
		Safeguards : NRC Glossary of Nuclear Terms -- [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=safeguards (144 words)

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