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Topic: Safflower

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Safflower
		Safflower has a strong taproot which enables it to thrive in dry climates, but the plant is very susceptible to frost injury from stem elongation to maturity.
		Safflower flowers are occasionally used in cooking as a cheaper substitute for saffron, and are thus sometimes referred to as "bastard saffron." Safflower seed is also used quite commonly as an alternative to sunflower seed in birdfeeders, as squirrels do not like the taste of it.
		Safflower oil is also used in painting in the place of linseed oil, particularly with white, as it does not have the yellow tint which linseed oil possesses.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Safflower_oil (535 words)

	Safflower - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Safflower has a strong taproot which enables it to thrive in dry climates, but the plant is very susceptible to frost injury from stem elongation to maturity.
		Safflower flowers are occasionally used as a cheaper substitute for saffron.
		Safflower seed is also used quite commonly as an alternative to sunflower seed in birdfeeders, as squirrels do not like the taste of it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Safflower (328 words)

	Safflower
		Safflower has deeper roots than small grains or flax, and can effectively use nitrogen remaining in the soil from previous crops to a depth of 7 ft. As a result, soil samples should be collected at depths from 2 to 4 ft to increase the accuracy of fertilizer recommendations.
		Safflower with a combination of tillage and herbicides inappropriate for use on cereal grains, can be used to reduce numbers of grassy weeds in a small grain rotation.
		Safflower is ready to harvest when most of the leaves turn a brown color and very little green remains on the bracts of the latest flowering heads.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/afcm/safflower.html (3431 words)

	Dyeing: Safflower
		Safflower (carthamus tinctorius) is a common food and dye plant in many parts of the world.
		It is a useful plant with seeds which are used to produce safflower oil and meal for feeding livestock.
		Like madder, heat is the enemy of good color extraction in safflower, so just soak the petals over night in the vinegar water or make a sun tea of everything and let it sit for a few days in the sun.Strain out the petals working them a bit to extract the last of the yellow.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/fiber_arts/30846 (359 words)

	Revival of an ancient crop - Safflower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Safflower produces oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid 78%) which play an important role in reducing blood cholesterol level and is considered as a healthy cooking medium.
		The safflower crop is usually grown in the rabi or winter season from October/November to March/April, generally as an intercrop with cereals such as wheat and sorghum.
		Safflower yellow is present in the dried florets to the extent of 26-36%.
	www.nariphaltan.org /safflowerarticle.htm (2546 words)

	Safflower Production
		Safflower is a thistle-like plant with a strong central branch stem, a varying number of branches, and a tap-root system.
		Safflower should not follow safflower in rotation or be grown in close rotation with other crops susceptible to the disease sclerotinia (white mold).
		Safflower is physiologically mature about one month after flowering and ready to harvest when most of the leaves have turned brown and only a tint of green remains on the bracts of the latest flowering heads.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/crops/a870w.htm (3262 words)

	Complete Safflower information from Drugs.com
		Although safflower is recognized primarily as a source of a healthy edible oil, its traditional uses have not focused on the oil.
		Safflower oil is characterized by the presence of a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
		Although safflower oil is a rich source of linoleic acid, it requires the activity of delta 6-desaturate for its conversion to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGA) and arachidonic acid.
	www.drugs.com /npp/safflower.html (1177 words)

	Safflower Production
		Safflower is well adapted to eastern Colorado's nonirrigated agricultural conditions and medium to clay soils that hold moisture well.
		Safflower removes moisture and residual fertilizers to a depth of 7 to 8 feet.
		Safflower seed is about the same size as barley seed and has a test weight of 42 lbs per bushel.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/crops/00111.html (1240 words)

	Safflower for wild bird feeding
		Although safflower seed is one of the oldest oilseed crops in the history of mankind â“ some of the first mummies were wrapped in linens dyed with safflower flowers â“ it has become popular in wild bird feeding only in recent years.
		Safflower seeds are found in most of the quality wild birdseed mixes available on the market today.
		Again, it's the absence of less desirable birds at feeders offering safflower that makes it so popular with people who feed birds in their backyards, and the popularity of safflower as a wild bird food continues to grow as a result of that finding.
	www.ebirdseed.com /safflower.html (816 words)

	Safflower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Carthamus tinctorius L. Safflower is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle -like annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves.
		Safflower flowers are occassionally used as a cheaper substitute for saffron.
		Oilseeds International Ltd Pioneers in the international expansion of oleic safflower oil, oleic sunflower oil and rice bran oil.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Safflower.html (573 words)

	Safflower
		Safflower meal is about 24 percent protein and high in fiber and is used as a protein supplement for livestock and poultry feed.
		The safflower varieties that are high in oleic oil are used as a heat stable cooking oil to fry such food items as french fries, chips and other snack items and are also used in cosmetics, food coatings, and infant food formulations.
		Safflower gives options to farmers in a dryland crop rotation with respect to weed and disease control and in using soil moisture available to its deep taproot.
	www.agmrc.org /agmrc/commodity/grainsoilseeds/safflower (596 words)

	Times Agricultural Journal
		Safflower flowers are used in China for the treatment of many illnesses as well as in ‘tonic tea’.
		Safflower produces oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid 78 per cent), which play an important role in reducing blood cholesterol level and is considered as a healthy cooking medium.
		Safflower yellow is present in the dried florets to the extent of 26-36 per cent.
	www.etagriculture.com /nov_dec2002/avenues.html (2531 words)

	Safflower (hong hua) \| acupuncturetoday.com
		Safflowers consist of long, tubular stems, with flowers that are orange, red or yellow in appearance.
		In China, safflowers are grown in the Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces.
		Safflower may also prolong the coagulation time of blood, so it should be used with caution by people on blood thinners.
	www.acupuncturetoday.com /herbcentral/safflower.php (420 words)

	SpaTherapy.com \| Safflower
		Safflowers consist of long, tubular stems, with flowers that are orange, red or yellow in appearance.
		In China, safflowers are grown in the Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces.
		Safflower may also prolong the coagulation time of blood, so it should be used with caution by people on blood thinners.
	www.spatherapy.com /herbcentral/safflower.php (422 words)

	SAFFLOWER IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME AT THE
		Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. is a member of the family Compositae or Asteraceae, cultivated mainly for its seeds, which yield edible oil.
		Safflower is one of humanity’s oldest crops, but has remained a minor crop with world seed production around 800,000 t per year.
		Safflower flowers are known to possess many medicinal properties for curing several chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, male sterility, female infertility, respiratory diseases etc.
	nariphaltan.virtualave.net /safflower.htm (1505 words)

	Safflower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Safflower has a strong taproot which enables it to thrive indry climates, but the plant is very susceptible to frost injury from stem elongation to maturity.
		Traditionally, the crop was grown for its flowers, used for colouring and flavouring foods and making red and yellow dyes,especially before cheaper aniline dyes becameavailable, and in medicines.
		Safflower is one of humanity's oldest crops, but is a minor crop today, with about 600 000 t being produced commercially inmore than sixty countries worldwide.
	www.therfcc.org /safflower-123971.html (289 words)

	UCS Comments to USDA on Pharma Safflower
		Safflower is a food crop valued primarily for its oily seeds, which are used to produce edible oil for human consumption, birdseed, and as supplements for fish and animal feed.
		The EA has also not adequately addressed the potential for pharma safflower seeds to be dispersed to food-crop fields where they may grow as volunteers in the next growing season and then be harvested as a contaminant in a food crop such as wheat or barley.
		Finally, USDA points to safflower's general lack of seed dormancy[25] to support its argument that pharma safflower will not germinate and grow as a volunteer in subsequent growing seasons.
	www.ucsusa.org /food_and_environment/genetic_engineering/pharma-safflower-comments.html (2711 words)

	Safflower Production, Oil Quality
		Safflower is thought to be one of the highest quality vegetable oils.
		Oleic safflower has a similar composition to olive oil (though with less of the saturated fatty acids found in olive oil), but a milder taste.
		The oil content of seeds and oil quality of safflower grown in California is the highest produced anywhere in the world, because the crop is ideally suited to California's climate.
	agric.ucdavis.edu /crops/oilseed/saff2oil.htm (729 words)

	AllRefer.com - safflower, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		Safflower, or false saffron, has long been cultivated in S Asia and Egypt for food and medicine and as a costly but inferior substitute for the true saffron dye.
		In the United States, where it is sometimes called American saffron, it is more important as the source of safflower oil, which has recently come into wide use as a cooking oil.
		Safflower is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Asterales, family Asteraceae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/safflowe.html (171 words)

	Fertilizing Safflower
		Safflower is an oil seed crop that grows well under dryland conditions in western North Dakota.
		Safflower oil is a low cholesterol oil that is used in human food and also has many industrial uses.
		In the seedling stage safflower is quite frost tolerant, withstanding temperatures as low as 20°F. With a growing period of 120 days to maturity, safflower should be planted in April or early May. If planted later than the middle of May, an early fall frost could reduce seed quality.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/soilfert/sf727w.htm (934 words)

	safflower plant information.
		Safflower plant population from drill and seeding rate studies with..
		This confirmed that reduced plant height in the safflower mutant 'Enana' is..
		The flowers of the safflower plant provided the earliest principal use for this..
	www.world-ex.com /s/safflower_plant.html (178 words)

	California Heartland - Program 503 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This is one of the largest safflower oil producers in the country.
		Originally, safflower oil was developed as an industrial oil for paints and protective coatings.
		Safflower is high in monounsaturated fats and is good for your heart health!
	www.californiaheartland.org /archive/hl_503/safflower.htm (282 words)

	The World Market for Crude Sunflower Seed Oil or Safflower Oil: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for crude sunflower seed oil or safflower oil for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across country markets and projects these to the current year.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of crude sunflower seed oil or safflower oil to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.marketresearch.com /redirect.asp?productid=917271&progid=3603 (640 words)

	Reconstructing History — Japanese Historical Clothing Research
		Safflower was imported from China in the 5th century and has been cultivated in Japan ever since.
		Safflower is also much less expensive ($13/lb as opposed to $150/lb for real saffron).
		Silk, cotton, and linen soaking in an acidic bath with a poultice of safflower petals.
	www.reconstructinghistory.com /japanese/safflower.html (1372 words)

	High Linoleic Safflower Oil - A Health Benefit
		The flowers of the safflower plant provided the earliest principal use for this crop as the naturally bright red dye extracted from the safflower blooms was used for coloring textiles.
		Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, cholesterol's effect on heart disease and the encouragement to consume polyunsaturates pushed safflower oil demand to record levels, with the introduction of safflower oil based margarines, dressings and salad oils.
		Nonetheless, high linoleic safflower oil remains one of the best sources of linoleic acid, an "essential fatty acid" that cannot be synthesized by the human body, but is a nutritional necessity for healthy development and growth.
	www.oilseedssf.com /products/prod_lisaff.html (350 words)

	Growing Safflower in Nebraska, NF 91-36
		Safflower is susceptible to the disease Sclerotinia white mold and therefore should not be grown the year following safflower or in close rotation with other susceptible crops such as dry beans, sunflower, canola or rapeseed.
		Safflower should not be planted before the soil temperature reaches 40° F. As a seedling, safflower can tolerate temperatures as low as 20° F. Safflower usually takes 8 to 15 days to emerge.
		Safflower is ready to harvest when most of the leaves have turned brown and the flower bracts show only a green tint.
	www.ianr.unl.edu /pubs/fieldcrops/nf36.htm (1615 words)

	Title of Invention: Hybrid safflower production uti lizing genetic dwarf male sterility
		The invention is directed to the identification of a safflower gene that exhibits male sterility in combination with a morphologically identifiable dwarfism in the male sterile plant and to the production of hybrid safflower that uses this safflower gene.
		A continuing goal of safflower breeders is to improve the crop through hybrid breeding techniques by identifying an effective male sterile plant for use in producing hybrids.
		Safflower varieties are not all the same height, so that a dwarf sized plant of one variety may, in fact, be the same height as another normal size safflower variety.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1995patents/05436386.html (7863 words)

	Safflower - Herbal Encyclopedia
		Safflower oil is commonly used in cooking to aid in lowering cholesterol.
		Safflower blossoms are used in the tea form to treat hysteria, fevers, phlegm, and panic attacks.
		Safflower is an annual that grows from one to three feet tall.
	allnatural.net /herbpages/safflower.shtml (203 words)

	Safflower seed and petals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		NARI has developed various safflower varieties and hybrids for both high oil content and petals.
		Development of non-spiny safflower varieties and hybrids for both seed and petals.
		Safflower tea is now accepted by large number of people in different cities.
	nariphaltan.netfirms.com /itm00002.htm (229 words)

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