
	Where results make sense

Topic: The saga of the Greenlanders

	saga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sagas are long narratives that appeared in Norway, Iceland and other parts of Scandinavia during the middle ages.
		While the value of the sagas as accurate history must certainly be questioned, it should also be remembered that the names and spirit of the history represents the knowledge of a person many centuries closer to the truth than we are to-day.
		Equally important is the Saga of Erik the Red and the Greenlanders' Saga.
	www3.sympatico.ca /robert.sewell/saga.html (607 words)

	Leif Ericson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the sagas, The saga of the Greenlanders, tells that Leifur set out about 1000 to follow Bjarni's route in the opposite direction.
		Another saga, The Saga of Eric the Red tells that it was actually Leifur who discovered the American mainland, while returning from Norway to Greenland in 1000 or thereabouts, but does not state an attempt of his to settle there.
		However, the saga of the Greenlanders is nowadays considered to be the more reliable of the two.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leif_Ericsson (609 words)

	Freydís Eiríksdóttir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the incident Þorvarður and Freydís returned to Greenland, and were exiled on account of their actions in Vínland.
		The Saga of the Greenlanders (written in Greenland) and Erik's Saga (written in Iceland) differ on the details of Freydis Eriksdottir.
		According to the Icelandic account, Freydis was married to Thornfinn Karlsefni, however the Greenland account names a man called Thorvald as her husband.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Freydis (583 words)

	Historical Documents and Speeches - The Voyages to Vinland c. 1000
		Greenlanders' Saga describes a voyage made by Bjarni Herjolfsson, the first Norseman to see the shores of North America, and the subsequent voyages of Leif Eriksson, his brother Thorvald, his sister Freydis, and the Icelandic merchant Thorfinn Karlsefni.
		However, the sagas' unclear and inconsistent descriptions of Vinland geography probably resulted from elabortion and distortion introduced during the two hundred years when they were passed down orally in Greenland and Iceland.
		The sagas tell of Vinland being a rich land where salmon ran in the streams, flatfish could be caught in the ocean, and game animals including dr were numerous.
	www.historicaldocuments.com /VoyagestoVinland.htm (7580 words)

	Sagas and Norse Literature Bibliography
		2.The Saga of the Greenlanders (Grænlendinga Saga) tr.
		57.The Saga of the Slayings on the Heath (Heidarvíga Saga) tr.
		81.The Saga of Hrafnkel Frey's Godi (Hrafnkels Saga Freysgoda) tr.
	www.sunnyway.com /runes/sagabooks.html (3224 words)

	Icelanders discover Greenland & Vínland (North America) (the s.c.nordic FAQ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Greenland's attraction was that it had better pasture for sheep, goats and cows than Iceland, where the soil had already become poor after about a century of heavy exploitation.
		The Saga of the Greenlanders attributes the first sighting of America to Bjarni Herjólfsson who had emigrated with Eiríkr the Red to Greenland, although Bjarni didn't actually set foot on Vínland; the Saga of Eiríkr the Red, on the other hand, says that the discovery was made by Leifr the Lucky, Eiríkr's son.
		According to one saga, he was then commissioned by King Olaf I to convert the Greenlanders to Christianity, but he was blown off course, missed Greenland, and reached North America (this story, however, is now known to be fiction, made by up by an Icelandic priest called Gunnlaugr in the 13th century).
	www.lysator.liu.se /nordic/scn/faq532.html (1588 words)

	An excerpt from the book The Vinland Millenium.
		Also, Eirík's Saga subsequently recounts a tale of a "long" journey westwards from Kjalarnes to Uniped Land, which may have been from Cape North on Cape Breton Island, to the area west of the Gaspé peninsula.
		As mentioned above, the description in Eirík the Red's saga of a river that flows off the land, through a lake and to the sea would indicate the Hudson river, and the sandbars and shoals at the entrance from the sea are also reminiscent of New York.
		This, of course, is not much of a clue, but it would tend to support the idea that the statement in Eirík's saga, that there was no snow during the winter Thorfinn spent at Hóp, could apply to New York; at that time, the climate may be assumed to have been relatively warm.
	www.randburg.com /is/mm/vinland2.html (1671 words)

	The Vinland Sagas - Crossing the Atlantic - 11th Century - Pathfinders and Passageways
		Two sagas in particular -- the "Saga of the Greenlanders" and the "Saga of Erik the Red" -- provided scholars with evidence of a Norse trans-Atlantic voyage long before the discovery of the remains of the habitation at L'Anse aux Meadows.
		Sagas might not be composed until years after an event, and they were certainly not written down until long after that.
		The challenge in using the sagas as accurate historical records becomes more obvious when we consider the Greenlander and Erik the Red Sagas; of all the many Norse sagas, they are the only ones to tell the story of how the Norse came to the North American coast -- which they called "Vinland".
	www.nlc-bnc.ca /2/24/h24-1201-e.html (525 words)

	Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga \| American Museum of Natural History
		While some of the sagas concern Viking adventures or other heroic tales, many concern characters that are more common people and describe the farming-based economy of that era.
		Also, because the stories in the sagas were derived from oral histories, there has been extensive debate as to exactly what in them is fact and what is fiction.
		But regardless of such academic questions, the Icelandic Sagas do contain much material that is important in helping us understand what the lives and voyages of the Vikings were like.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/vikings/saga.html (259 words)

	The Vinland Millennium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Author Páll Bergþórsson, working on the Vinland sagas - the Saga of the Greenlanders and Eirik the Red's Saga - traces the Vinland voyages step by step, mapping out where they travelled and where they camped.
		The accounts in the saga are compared with other information on Viking navigation, climate, vegetation and animal life in the New World, and with the folkways of the Native Americans and the Inuits.
		He examines the sagas from a new and exciting point of view which is, nonetheless, firmly based in scholarship.
	www.snerra.is /en-us/p_210.html (238 words)

	Leifur Eiriksson - Discoverer of America. The discovery of Wineland the Good and North America
		The saga says that Eiríkur was reluctant to have anything to do with it, but his wife Thjódhildur converted immediately and had a church built at some distance from the farm buildings.
		The Saga of the Greenlanders tells how Bjarni Herjólfsson, the son of a settler in Greenland, was the first to see the new countries when he lost his course in fog while sailing to Greenland, and how Leifur Eiríksson later explored them and gave them their names.
		"Gudrídur was a very exceptional woman", says the Saga of Eiríkur the Red, and the Saga of the Greenlanders says that after Thorfinnur's death she made a pilgrimage to Rome, returned to Iceland to live with her son, finally becoming a nun and a recluse in her old age.
	www.searcheurope.com /cgi-bin/links/ppc_jump.cgi?ID=10455 (1286 words)

	A Saga of Discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The early accounts of Viking discoveries, including their discovery of North America, come to us from the sagas; ancient Norse stories that were told by word of mouth for many years, and later written down for future generations to read.
		According to these sagas, nearly 1000 years ago, a stout, high prowed vessel from Greenland cast anchor in an inviting bay somewhere along the coast of North America.
		The Saga relates that one of Leif's crew, Tyrkir the German, straying from the settlement one day, found grapes growing wild in the forest.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /vikings/discovery1.htm (567 words)

	Nordic Culture > Leif Ericson and Vinland - Scandinavica.com
		The colonization of Greenland and the exploration of America are described in the "Saga of Eric the Red" and the "Saga of the Greenlanders", both written around the year 1200.
		According to the Saga of Eric the Red, his ship first stopped in the Hebrides Isles, Scotland, where he was a guest of the lord of the island and married his daughter, Thorgunna.
		The discovery of new lands on the eastern coast of North America is recorded in the Saga of Eric the Red and in the Saga of the Greenlanders, written in Iceland around the year 1200.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/history/vinland.htm (1689 words)

	Greenland Sagas
		The saga tells us that when Erik the Red came to the deep grass-fringed fjords of southwest Greenland and a second region 200 miles to the north, he took for his own the best land in what became known as the Eastern Settlement.
		According to The Saga of Eric the Red, Greenland was first sighted when a sailor named Gunnbjorn was blown westward and sighted high mountains and low rocky skerries in ice-strewn seas while hunting walrus west of Iceland.
		According to The Saga of the Greenlanders, when Bjarni set off to Greenland to visit his father, he said, "Our journey will be thought an ill-considered one, since none of us has sailed the Greenland Sea".
	www.mnh.si.edu /vikings/voyage/subset/greenland/sagas.html (865 words)

	[No title]
		Used for topographical purposes "inn" in our saga means: 1, east, if the direction be from west to east; 2, south, or up, when the starting-point of the direction is near the sea, and the objectpoint lies in a landward spot "on" or "east of" the meridian of the starting-point.
		This, of all sagas, was the one that might be supposed to have early formed an item of the library of the monastery of Holyfell.
		Thus, again, the "Keelnessings' saga" states that on the stall should lie a stout ring made of silver, which the temple-priest should wear on his arm at all man-motes; thereon should all oaths be taken in matters relating to ordeal cases.
	www.squirrel.com /squirrel/asatru/eyrbygja.txt (17473 words)

	Vinland
		These sagas are written accounts from the 13th and 14th centuries remembering highly adventurous voyages by people from Iceland and Greenland around the year 1000 to the continent south and west from Greenland.
		The Saga of the Greenlanders focuses on the role of Leifr Eiríksson.
		In the saga there is an island in the mouth of the bay and the seas around it do not ice over in winter.
	www.mightymiramichi.com /breadnmolasses/id241.html (2173 words)

	Index to Saga-Book
		Níð, adultery and feud in Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa.
		Preposition of in a manuscript of Svarfdæla saga.
		Saga manuscripts in Iceland in the later 18th century.
	www.shef.ac.uk /viking-society/sagabookindex.htm (2148 words)

	The Vinland Sagas
		The story of the Vinland settlement is told in two sagas, the Saga of Eric the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders.
		There is some matching of the details of the story in the two sagas but there are also discrepancies between the two versions of the story.
		When the expedition had collected ship loads of goods, such as timber, and were ready to return to Greenland, Freydis asked the other group for the use of their larger ship.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/saga.htm (1355 words)

	Eric the Red (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the Norse sagas describe him as "a big, strapping fellow, handsome to look at, thoughtful and temperate in all things, as well as highly respected".
		Good seamanship was a necessity of life for Greenlanders, and by his late teens Leif showed he was an accomplished mariner.
		It is thought however, that on a later voyage he returned to the Hebrides and took the woman and their child back to Greenland with him.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /vikings/ericred.htm (848 words)

	Vinland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Another source of information about the Viking voyages to Vinland can be derived from two Icelandic sagas, Eirik the Red's Saga and the Saga of the Greenlanders.
		These sagas were written approximately 250 years after the settlement of Greenland and are open to significant interpretation.
		Disagreements among the men about the few women that followed on the trip, and fighting with the Indians already living on the land (called "Skrælingjar" by the Vikings), are both reasons that are indicated in the written sources.
	www.eurofreehost.com /vi/Vinland_2.html (252 words)

	North: Landscape of the Imagination / Le Nord: paysage imaginaire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		On the other were those who considered the sagas to be fantastic stories, or to reflect at most a brief Norse foray to the eastern coast of the continent.
		Eric the Red's exploration of Greenland about AD 980 arose from such circumstances, and the immigrants who followed him to establish colonies on the southwestern coast of the island soon swelled the population to an estimated 3,000 people.
		According to The Greenlander's Saga, the first sighting was by Bjarni Herjólfsson, who was blown far off course on his first voyage from Iceland to visit his family in Greenland.
	www.nlc-bnc.ca /2/16/h16-4223-e.html (3733 words)

	The American-Scandinavian Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As illuminating as these sagas and historical records were, there was little corroborating evidence until archaeological studies began in the late 19th century.
		The most extensive studies were in Greenland, where the mysterious disappearance of the Norse colonies had been a subject of curiosity since the early 1700s.
		This facet of the Viking world is presented dramatically in the exhibition in a dedicated "saga theater" in which the sagas relating to the discovery of America are staged in sound and light in a simulated Icelandic longhouse.
	www.amscan.org /viking.html (2096 words)

	Vinnland
		The most detailed information about the Vikings' visits to Vinland is contained in two Norse sagas, the Saga of the Greenlanders and the Saga of Erik the Red.
		According to the Greenlanders' Saga, Bjarni Herjulfsson became the first European to sight mainland America when his Greenland-bound ship was blown westward off course about 986.
		Nevertheless, the Vinland name was retained by the Scandinavians, and it was as a wine land that the North American continent entered the literature of continental Europe, almost certainly first in 1075 through the History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen written by Adam, head of the cathedral school of Bremen.
	www.amaristee.com /agony/vinnland.htm (555 words)

	Thorgunna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was charged with returning to Greenland and converting others there, but instead he sailed further west and is believed to have landed somewhere in Nova Scotia.
		Leif's adventures in America are chronicled in 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic sagas, including the Groenlendinga saga (the Greenlanders' Saga) and Eiriks saga (Erik's Saga).
		The only references to it are in the Norse sagas where most of the information concerning Leif Erikson is recorded.
	www.look.no /anita/slekt/webcards/ps35/ps35_376.htm (511 words)

	Stories of An Unknown Land
		A saga is an adventure story that tells about the brave deeds of people of
		Vikings from settlements in Greenland to the Americas.
		Greenlanders' Saga - The Greenlanders' Saga is a very old book.
	www.watertown.k12.ma.us /cunniff/americanhistorycentral/03ageofexploration/Stories_of_An.html (143 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Greenland marks Viking voyage
		Hundreds of people in Greenland are taking part in celebrations to mark a voyage the Viking captain, Leif Eriksson, is said to have made to North America 1,000 years ago.
		At the centre of festivities was the arrival of a replica Viking ship which had sailed to Greenland from Iceland.
		Eriksson's landing in North America - 500 years before Christopher Colombus - is well recorded in two medieval Icelandic manuscripts, the Saga of Erik the Red and the Saga of Greenlanders.
	newsvote.bbc.co.uk /2/low/europe/835063.stm (328 words)

	The Last Viking: Viking Press and Viking Ships
		The Greenlanders' Saga has been preserved as three interpolations inserted in the ' Large' Saga of Olaf Tryggvason and included in the famous codex Flateyjarbok, the greater part of which was written down by the Icelandic priest Jon Thordarson at the end of the fourteenth century.
		The Greenlanders' Saga seems particularly concerned with the family of Eirik the Red and whatever might be of interest to the people of Greenland; it seems probable that this saga is based in the main on material originating in Greenland, as G. Gathorne-Hardy has pointed out.
		Then the saga deals with the voyage of Leif Eiriksson- a carefully planned expedition, the objective of which was to reach the land that Bjarni had already seen.
	www.spirasolaris.ca /sbb4g1av.html (9686 words)

	Eric the Red (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After his father died, Eric became involved in several quarrels and killings and was exiled from Iceland for three years.
		During his exile, Eric explored the waters west of Iceland for land that Gunnbjorn Ulfsson, a Norwegian, had sighted about A.D. Eric reached Greenland and spent the rest of his exile there.
		About 985, Eric sailed for Greenland with 25 ships of colonists, but only 14 of the vessels completed the voyage.
	www2.worldbook.com /features/explorers/html/early_erik.html (318 words)

	Straight Dope Staff Report: Did Leif Erikson once live in Cambridge, Massachusetts?
		There are passing mentions of Vinland the Good in several other sagas and in at least one Latin document, but only two sagas give any real details: "The Saga of the Greenlanders" and "Erik the Red's Saga." The two are contradictory on many important details.
		The descriptions the sagas give of the places visited are tantalizing--detailed enough to make people think they can use them to pinpoint the locations, but vague and inconsistent enough that they could refer to any of dozens of different places.
		Reading the sagas, one is tempted to say "I know a place just down the coast that sounds like that." The first Viking site Horsford identified was just blocks from his house.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mleifinma.html (1676 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)