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Topic: Saguia el-Hamra

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WSO Anticolonial Movement Here in Smara is when he begins to recruit Saharawi nationalists for the anticolonial movement that came to be known as "Harakat Tahrir Saguia El Hamra wa Uad Ed-Dahab" or (Organization for the Liberation of Saguia El Hamra y Rio de Oro). He lived in Lemseid, near El Aaiun (Western Sahara) until 1957 when he went to school in Morocco. Mohamed Sidi Brahim Bassiri, born 1942 in Tan-Tan (then Spanish Southern Morocco). www.wsahara.net /bassiri.html

Foreign relations of Morocco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In 1969, the Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro) formed to combat the occupation of the territory. From 1904 until 1975, Spain occupied the entire territory, which is divided into a northern portion, the Saguia el Hamra, and a southern two-thirds, known as Algeria claims none of the territory for itself but maintains that Sahrawis should determine the territory's future status. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Morocco

Altermedia Canada » Frente Polisario The name ‘Polisario’ was a short form of “Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia El-Hamra y Rio de Oro". Polisario was formed in 1973, as a reaction towards several broken promises on Saharan independence from the Spanish colonalist regime. Polisario has since 1975 been stationed in Tindouf, the westernmost town in Algeria. ca.altermedia.info /index.php?p=448&more=1&c=1

NameTraq Last Name: Hamra MINURSO also asked the parties - the Frente POLISARIO (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro) and the Moroccan Government - to... On Sunday evening, the Israeli soldiers manning the Al Hamra checkpoint, in the Jordan Valley area, detained dozens of Palestinian citizens who were trying to... On Tuesday, The Daily Star interviewed 11 merchants on Hamra street, one of the country’s oldest and busiest shopping districts. nametraq.com /genealogy_jan04/H/Hamra.shtml

Moroccan Occupation of Western Sahara The stock of Spanish Sahara went up sharply in 1963 as huge phosphate deposits were discovered at Bu Craa in Saguia el Hamra; all of the sudden the barren province became a valuable asset. Nevertheless, the Saharawi refugees in Algeria decided to fight back against the occupiers by means of guerrilla warfare as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Río de Oro, widely known by its initials FPOLISARIO in Spanish, took up arms in the struggle for freedom. The new Spanish possession was partitioned by the authorities into two administrative regions, Saguia el Hamra in the north and Río de Oro in the south. www.angelfire.com /rebellion/metsner/wsahara.html

Images of Western Sahara (Sahrawi republic) - Travel-images.com - Sahara Occidental Western Sahara (Sahrawi republic) - territory in NW Africa, formerly the Spanish colonies of Rio de Oro and Saguia el Hamra. (Sahrawi republic: Saguia El Harma + Rio de Oro) El Aaiún / Layoune: edge of the Sahara desert www.travel-images.com /western-sahara.html

todakhla2.page After flying over the tent cities, we passed the dry earth-red valley of Saguia de Hamra and a while later touched down at El-Ayoune airport, decorated with countless red Moroccan flags. Saguia de Hamra and Rio de Oro are two (dried up) river valleys that paradoxically start in the desert. It was late evening and the sun began to melt into a pool of liquid amber. www.geocities.com /meier_patrick/todakhla2

Al Maghreb Al Aqsa -- Morocco Notes (Part 1/4) The Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia Al-Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario), claiming to represent the desires of the indigenous tribes for independence, had been getting radicalized under the lingering Spanish rule. Elsewhere in Mauritania, areas east and south of Ouadane are also said to be mined; there are said to be mines north of the crater near the El Beyyid well and rock paintings. This is a fine route that can be followed to see some desert scenery and perhaps technically claim a Sahara crossing; the only small matter is that of land mines. www.grandpoohbah.net /Grandpoohbah/mornotes0.htm

Polisario - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Spanish abbreviation of Frente Po pular de Li beración de Sa guía el Hamra y Rí o de O ro ("People's Liberation Front of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro ") is an army and political movement in the Western Sahara, principally comprised of the Sahrawi people. It has an estimated membership of about 10,000. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polisario

The Militant - July 9, 2001 -- Polisario Front leads fight for Western Sahara independence The first urban anti-imperialist movement emerged in 1967 with the founding of the Organization for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Ouad ed-Dahab, two regions that make up Western Sahara. In 1973, a young anticolonial fighter, El-Ouali, led a group of Sahrawi students and drew together Sahrawis from the surrounding region to form the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro, or Polisario in Spanish, to fight for national independence. Hundreds of Sahrawis who refused to publicly acknowledge the king of Morocco were murdered, and some 80 percent of the people living in the Saharan capital city, El Aaiun, were driven out of the country and into refugee camps in Algeria. www.themilitant.com /2001/6526/652603.html

Western Sahara : Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic A guerrilla war carried by the Polisario Front ( Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro[?]) contesting Rabat 's sovereignty ended in a 1991 cease-fire; a referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara[?]) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania 's withdrawal. www.eurofreehost.com /sa/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.html

AI REPORT 1997: Morocco (the Kingdom of) and Western Sahara The report also detailed Amnesty International's concerns about past abuses committed in the Sahrawi refugee camps administered by the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y Rio de Oro, Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro (known as the Polisario Front), in southern Algeria. In the report Amnesty International called on the un to ensure respect of human rights safeguards included in the Implementation Plan and full deployment of civpol. www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar97/MDE29.htm

The Militant - November 17, 2003 -- Polisario holds congress in liberated zone The Polisario Front (a Spanish acronym for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro) was born in 1973 and launched a guerilla war against Spanish rule. The Organization for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Ouad ed-Dahab—two regions that make up Western Sahara—was founded in 1967. This group, which called for independence, was hounded and brutally repressed by the Spanish colonial administration, which murdered its central leader, Mohammed Sidi Ibrahim Bassiri, in 1970. www.themilitant.com /2003/6740/674050.html

WSO History Mohamed Sidi Brahim Bassiri returns to the territory and starts organizing the anticolonial movement that came to be known as "Harakat Tahrir Saguia El Hamra wa Uad Ed-Dahab" or (Organization for the Liberation of Saguia El Hamra y Rio de Oro). April 1 1958: Cintra Agreements (Portugal): whereby Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro came under the authority of Spain. June 17: Bassiri's movement organized a large, peaceful manifestation at Zemla (El Aaiun), demanding the right to independence. www.wsahara.net /history.html

Western Sahara - Sahara Occidental - On the occasion of the death of the first Sahrawi martyr, I greet and salute our big brother Mohamed Abdelaziz, president of the republic and the secretary general of the Popular Front for the liberation of Saguia El Hamra and Rio de Oro. alisalemtamek.site.voila.fr /letter0304.html

SAHARA PRESSE SERVICE The message of the different Saharawi mass media, radios, press agency, newspapers and television, should continue to conform to the ethics and norms of the profession, and to keep away from the propaganda, so as to diffuse credible products, which can guarantee national Medias continuity and development, according to the conference. Chahid El Hafed, 08/03/2004 (SPS) the National Conference of Information closed its works on Sunday in "27th of February School", with the presence of Prime Minister, Abdelkader Taleb Oumar, and many members of his government. www.spsrasd.info /../sps-e080304.html

Morocco History Lonely Planet World Guide Western Sahara's Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia al-Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario) didn't take kindly to the invasion and embarked on a long and gruesome war of independence against Morocco. By the 1960s it had become clear that the 100,000 or so inhabitants of the 'territory' wanted independence. www.lonelyplanet.com /destinations/africa/morocco/history.htm

Wide Angle. Sahara Marathon. Photo Essay PBS The Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (POLISARIO Front) was formed in 1973 as a force for the independence of the Sahrawi people, first from the colonial rule of Spain and then from potential annexation by Mauritania and Morocco. It is estimated that there are around 10,000 member of POLISARIO. www.pbs.org /wnet/wideangle/shows/sahara/photo.html

Western Sahara (proposed state) In the 19th century the Spanish laid claim to the southern coastal region, called Rio de Oro, and later occupied the northern interior region, Saguia el Hamra, in 1934. The Spanish formally united the two regions, and it became known as Spanish Sahara in 1958. www.factmonster.com /id/A0759052.html

4Reference Polisario The Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro ("People's Liberation Front of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro") is an army and political movement in the Western Sahara, principally comprised of the Saharawi people. It was formed on May 10 1973 with the express intention of the removal of Spanish, Moroccan (and for a period of c. www.4reference.net /encyclopedias/wikipedia/Polisario.html

WESTERN SAHARA SETTLEMENT PLAN MUST BE IMPLEMENTED WITHOUT DELAY, SAY SPEAKERS IN FOURTH COMMITTEE The Settlement Plan for Western Sahara must be finally implemented without any further delay, the Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization) was told this afternoon, as it heard from representatives of Non-Self-Governing Territories and petitioners on the question of Western Sahara. On the issue of small island Non-Self-Governing Territories, the representative for External Affairs of the Government of the United States Virgin Islands said that even if most of the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories were small, that did not mean that their right to self-determination was less The representative of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2002/GASPD236.doc.htm

Algeria - Security Problems with Neighboring States By mid1975 the Algerians were giving supplies, vehicles, and light arms to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Río de Oro (Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el Hamra y Río de Oro--Polisario). A series of Moroccan diplomatic initiatives--climaxed by a march of 350,000 Moroccans across the territory's northern border-- resulted in a treaty by which Spain turned over the northern twothirds of the Western Sahara to Moroccan administration and the rest to Mauritania. countrystudies.us /algeria/157.htm

Western Sahara SuttonLink Factsheet Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro) proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in February 1976. Contested by Morocco, the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisaro), and Mauritania. Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario Front) ds.dial.pipex.com /suttonlink/ws_fct.html

MINURSO On 11 August 1988, the Secretary- General and the Special Envoy of the Chairman presented, in separate meetings, to the parties to the conflict in Western Sahara, namely Morocco and the Frente Popular para la Liberaci›n de Saguia el-Hamra y de R­o de Oro (Frente POLISARIO), a document referred to as "the settlement proposals". The identification and registration operation was finally launched on 28 August 1994, with opening ceremonies held simultaneously at Laayoune and the El- Aiun camp in the Tindouf area. At the same time, the United Nations intensified work on other political and military aspects relevant to the fulfilment of the settlement plan. www.gmu.edu /departments/t-po/peace/minurso.html

Amnesty International 1998 Annual Report on Morocco (the Kingdom of) and Western Sahara Under the auspices of the newly appointed personal envoy of the UN Secretary-General to Western Sahara, talks resumed between the Moroccan Government and the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y Rio de Oro, Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro (known as the Polisario Front). For example, El Hayouni Ossama, who was arrested in January during a student protest at Hassan II University in Casablanca, was reportedly tortured for two days by having a cloth soaked in dirty water, chemicals and urine inserted into his mouth, and by being beaten and deprived of sleep. Some of the political opposition activists arrested during the year at protests were reportedly beaten by the police and in some cases tortured. www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar98/mde29.htm

UN: Western Sahara Settlement: Fourth Committee's Debate Continues - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council As a result of their joint efforts, a Settlement Plan, agreed upon 10 years ago by the Kingdom of Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro (Frente POLISARIO) had shown the way to a settlement of the Western Sahara question. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro (Frente POLISARIO) had consequently rejected that so-called solution and Algeria had no choice but to express its total disagreement with the proposal. Algeria's representative, referring to the draft framework agreement, said that the United Nations Secretariat had decided, without any mandate from Member States, to initiate a parallel track in a vain search for a political solution, which was in reality a programmed integration of Western Sahara into the territory of the occupying Power. www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/wsahara/2001/1011uncomm.htm

WESTERN SAHARA: Time to pressure Morocco The invasion provoked a long and bloody war with the Saharawi people under the leadership of the Polisario (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro) front, the movement that had fought for independence from Spain. Morocco's invasion was the result of greed and an attempt to divert attention from that autocratic regime's internal problems. Mauritania gave up its claim to Western Sahara and withdrew, signing a peace treaty with the Polisario in 1979. www.greenleft.org.au /back/2003/550/550p19.htm

Human Rights - Western Sahara - AI-Lounat The charge of threatening the external security of the state was based on their known or suspected support for the Polisario Front (the Frente Por la Libéracion de Saguia el Hamra y Rio de Oro, Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia El Hamra and Rio de Oro). No evidence was brought to substantiate the charges against Kelthoum and the other three defendants accused of having burned other people's property, other than the police statements which the accused said had been extracted under torture. Kelthoum and co-defendants were convicted of the above charges and all were sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. www.arso.org /../../08-12.htm

Amnesty International Report 2002 - Middle East and North Africa - MOROCCO The charges related to their alleged connections with the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y Río de Oro, Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra y Rio de Oro (known as the Polisario Front). Three Sahrawi prisoners of conscience, Brahim Laghzal, Cheikh Khaya and Laarbi Massoudi, serving four-year prison sentences imposed in 2000 for ''threatening state security'', were released. Salek Bahaha ould Mahmoud, who was sentenced to four years' imprisonment on a similar charge in a separate trial in 2000, was also released. web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/mde/morocco!Open

USCR: Country Information: Western Sahara The war initially pitted both Morocco and Mauritania against armed Sahrawis known as the Polisario (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio do Oro). Pre-2001 Events Residents of Western Sahara, known as ethnic Sahrawis, began fleeing to Algeria in the mid-1970s to escape a war for control over Western Sahara. Mauritania eventually renounced its claim to Western Sahara, while Morocco and the Polisario continued to fight for control of the territory. www.refugees.org /world/countryrpt/africa/western_sahara.htm

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