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Native American Languages A family is a collection of languages with a common origin and which separated into different dialects and languages over the course of time. The Romance languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, the dominant language family in the world today. The Mayan language family of Mexico and nearby countries is also indicated on the continental map. www.cogsci.indiana.edu /farg/rehling/nativeAm/ling.html   (1105 words)

Native American Languages - Search View - MSN Encarta In such familiar languages, the subject of the sentence is in the nominative case—that is, the subject has the same form and function, whether the sentence is transitive (has a direct object) or intransitive (lacks an object). Languages that have switch reference indicate whether a subject or object of a clause is the same as or different from the subject or object of an earlier clause. Languages such as Russian and Latin, which distinguish the role of a noun (such as subject, direct object, or indirect object) by case marking are said to have nominal case systems. uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761573518__1/Native_American_Languages.html   (3303 words)

Sahaptian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sahaptian (also Sahaptianic, Sahaptin, Shahaptian) is a sub-grouping of two languages of the Plateau Penutian family spoken by Native American peoples in the Columbia Plateau region of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho in the northwestern United States. Note that the terms Sahaptian (the family) and Sahaptin (the language) have often been confused and used interchangeably in the literature. This Indigenous languages of the Americas-related article is a stub. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sahaptian   (118 words)

Plateau Penutian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Plateau Penutian (also Shahapwailutan, Lepitan) is a family of languages spoken in northern California, reaching through central-western Oregon to northern Washington and central-northern Idaho. The original proposal also included Cayuse (which was grouped with Molala into Waiilatpuan branch); however, this language has little documentation and that which is documented is inadequately recorded. Native languages and language families of North America (rev. and enlarged ed. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plateau_Penutian_languages   (325 words)

Center for the Study of the First Americans   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) For example, Basque is an isolate standing alone in Europe, where languages of the Romance Family are spoken in the south, Germanic languages in the north, Celtic languages along the northwestern fringe, and languages of the Slavic Family in the east from the Arctic to the Mediterranean. Seven languages called Interior Salish form a subgroup of the Salishan family and are distributed for the most part in the northern part of the Plateau Culture Area, with some extension into the southern part of the area where the Sahaptian languages predominate. Hunn thus invokes the hypothesis that the Sahaptian Family is a member of a group of families that form the phylum, or super-stock, of languages known as Penutian. www.centerfirstamericans.com /mt.php?a=54   (2579 words)

AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES, In languages with classificatory verb systems, characteristics of nouns are expressed by distinct verbs, akin to the English use of to drink for liquids and to eat for solids. A few languages developed forms of whistle speech, in which the melody of the whistling parallels the tones of the language. Such languages occur in Kickapoo (Algonquian-Ritwan) in Mexico near Texas; several Otomanguean languages, Nahuatl dialects, and the Totonacan languages in Middle America; and the Aguaruna (Jívaroan) and the Sirionó (Tupian) in South America. www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=200877   (4009 words)

Ethnologue: USA Language is dying out in many areas, but is still spoken on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron by most adults and some younger ones. Language use is vigorous in the west and south. Language use is vigorous in some locations, in others only the older ones speak the language. www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/USA.html   (8257 words)

Center for the Study of the First Americans   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) For example, Basque is an isolate standing alone in Europe, where languages of the Romance Family are spoken in the south, Germanic languages in the north, Celtic languages along the northwestern fringe, and languages of the Slavic Family in the east from the Arctic to the Mediterranean. Seven languages called Interior Salish form a subgroup of the Salishan family and are distributed for the most part in the northern part of the Plateau Culture Area, with some extension into the southern part of the area where the Sahaptian languages predominate. Substratum features from extinct languages are probably retained in the languages that replace them, but without historical records to document their existence, relic features might never be recognized and the existence of extinct languages might never be suspected. www.centerfirstamericans.org /mt.php?a=54   (2579 words)

NPS Archeology Program: Kennewick Man This includes language both as a part of culture and as the primary means for its transmission, while recognizing that culture and language "are not necessarily correlated" (Sapir 1921:212-220). Firstly, the Numic languages are distributed in a broad fan-like sweep of territory between southeastern California across Nevada and Utah to southern Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado, with the Comanche (a Shoshonean-speaking group) established on the Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains. Cayuse was absorbed via intermarriage and language replacement by adjacent Sahaptin and Nez Perce dialects by the beginnings of the 20th century (Rigsby 1969:73-75; Kinkade et al. www.cr.nps.gov /archeology/kennewick/Hunn.htm   (8917 words)

Some Pacific Northwest Native Language Names for the Sasquatch Phenomenon I prefer to speak of the lack of relatability among languages in those cases in which it is not possible to demonstrate genetic relationship. Of the languages and language families mentioned here, I believe that Sahaptin (a member of the Sahaptian language family), Chinookan, Molala, and Tsimshian can all be shown to be distantly related members of the larger far-flung Penutian grouping. The modern villagers of Klemtu are, in the main, descendants of emigrants from the deserted Coast Tsimshian village of [disju] or Kitisoo on the south- west of Princess Royal Island midway betweep Kent Inlet and Dallain Point and from the old Xaihais Kwakiutl village of [qhaynath] or Kynoch. www.rfthomas.clara.net /papers/rigsby.html   (1006 words)

Native American Language Guaraní is the only Native American language to have become a national and literary language spoken by large numbers of non-Native Americans (half of its 2 million speakers are Paraguayans of European descent). Voiceless, or whispered, vowels are found in North America in Zuñi, Hopi, and Keresan (all spoken by Pueblo peoples), in the Plateau Shoshone languages (Uto-Aztecan), and in Cheyenne (Algonquian-Ritwan); in Middle America in Totonacan and some Otomanguean languages; and in South America in the Ticuna and others. In Quechua, for example, ñuquayku means “we” in the sense of “he, she, or they and I,” and ñuquancis means “we” in the sense of “you and I.” In North America this distinction occurs in the Plateau Shoshone, Iroquoian, and some Siouan languages, in Blackfoot and Cheyenne (Algonquian-Ritwan), and other languages. members.tripod.com /~treelover/nal.html   (3066 words)

The Lexical Semantics of a Machine Translation Interlingua Such a language must be designed to meet two primary goals: first, it must be easier to accurately translate from the source natural language into the interlingua than into another natural language; and, second, it must be almost trivially easy (i.e., requiring simple computer programming) to accurately translate from the interlingua into the target language. Languages can also remove arguments from the argument structure, while implying that they still exist, and make the missing arguments either obliquely expressable or not expressable at all. Individual languages vary both in the ways that the various voices are implemented as well as in their semantics. www.eskimo.com /~ram/lexical_semantics.html   (17321 words)

Salishan, Sahaptian, and Chinookan Sahaptian is a Plateau Penutian tongue; some scholars include Klamath-Modoc in the group, while others note only a close resemblance. The larger Penutian language family ranged from northern California across Oregon and north to Washington's Columbia Plateau. This language is generally grouped with Upper Chinookan, but some linguists designate Kathlamat (which some label Middle Chinookan) as a third full branch of the Chinookan family. www.lewis-clark.org /content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2724   (795 words)

078: Inverse / Topic Inverse marking languages came into theoretical prominence during the heyday of Relational Grammar, for which their peculiar use of verb agreement, which is normally thought of as a perquisite of subjecthood, and the formal similarity of inverse and passive constructions, formed a particularly intriguing puzzle, which still captures the attention formal theoreticians. In several languages of the Kuki‑Chin branch of Tibeto­‑Burman, spoken in western Burma and eastern India and Bangla­desh, a simple inverse marking system has developed from the marking of deictic orientation on motion verbs (DeLancey 1980). In two Dravidian languages, Kui (Winfield 1929) and Pengo (Burrow and Bhattacharya 1970), we find a similar system of inverse marking with consistent subject agreement, which appears to have the same cislocative origin as the Chin and Loloish inverse constructions. darkwing.uoregon.edu /~delancey/sb/LECT7-8.htm   (5030 words)

Sahaptian Language at wwww.els.uk.com -   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) LANGUAGE dictionary LANGUAGE to French Spanish dictionary ingles, translator, translates free, espa?ingles, real academy, Portuguese, instantaneous, the language Language and science in Spanish: ling?icas reflections of the scientists. Dictionary of Regionalismos of the Language onubense Dictionary - Words and stranger, translate it in their General Dictionary of the Spanish Language Vox (It includes more of refugees by the Academy of the Spanish Language.) The World. Around thousand entrances by the Delegation of the auxiliary language international Dictionary Japanese-Portuguese of Iapam (, Nippojisho) is the first dictionary made Japanese-Portuguese and first who is translated to a language to the French (1869 Exercises of French vocabulary in form of dictionary of this African language. wwww.els.uk.com /Sahaptian-Language.html   (805 words)

The full list of languagegeek.com keyboards Below is a table of the Native languages according to language family. Languages which have links to keyboards (and use Roman orthography) are coloured blue, and those which write in Syllabics (at least some of the time) are coloured red. Clicking on a language name will take you to pages where the keyboard can be downloaded. www.languagegeek.com /keyboard_general/all_keyboards.html   (256 words)

LINGUIST List 9.776: Dominant-Recessive Harmony If you happen to know of a language with a vowel harmony system that is not exactly dominant-recessive but that has a vowel or class of vowels that behaves in a dominant fashion (by imposing itself on all other vowels regardless of its position in the word), this would be very useful too. Wari': The Pacaas Novos language of Wester Brazil, Routledge). Unlike in many languages, VH in Chukchee takes the whole word as its domain, even if that word is the result of (sometimes massive) compounding (e.g. www.linguistlist.org /issues/9/9-776.html   (1091 words)

The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Penutian, pt. 2 You have reached the second page on Penutian languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana. Languages on this page so far are Quileute, Sahaptin, Takelma, Wasko, Wintun, and Yokuts. Languages belonging to this sub- branch include Nez Perce, Tenino, Umatilla, Walla Walla, and Yakima. www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/penut2h.htm   (596 words)

Workshop on American Indigenous Languages   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Yokuts as a target language in a shift from Miwok.  Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Lingusitics Society, ed. The annual Workshop on American Indigenous Languages (WAIL) at the University of California, Santa Barbara is presented by the Native American Indian Languages study group (NAIL), which has been meeting regularly in Santa Barbara since 1990 to discuss issues relating to Native American language and culture. The workshop is a forum for the discussion of theoretical and descriptive linguistic studies of indigenous languages of the Americas. orgs.sa.ucsb.edu /nailsg/index.html   (389 words)

The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Misc. Pidgin/Creole You have reached the page for Miscellaneous Pidgins & Creoles which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana. By the 1890's, it was recog- nized as a trade language or "international idiom," being widely used for communication among Indians whose native languages differed, and with their Caucasian neighbors in British Columbia and elsewhere in Canada and the Pacific Northwest.. Some of these may be found under their own names in "Language Finger." See also Miscellaneous Pidgins and Creoles. www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/mipch.htm   (1150 words)

Case: Interaction between Syntax and Discourse Grammar It is reinforced by the existence of so-called three-way languages, in which ergative and accusative Cases are always present in transitive clauses. In fact, examples of nominative-accusative languages in which accusative Case is overt only when needed by the discourse grammar are not hard to come by. However, we see from other languages that object agreement is subject to the same animacy and definiteness/specificity conditions as overt accusative Case marking, so there is no reason to see the agreement facts in Nez Perce as a separate phenomenon to be accounted for. csli-publications.stanford.edu /LFG/3/falk.html   (4528 words)

Instructor Class Description   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Ways in which languages may be classified for different purposes. The course is an introduction to language classification and areal trends in the Americas. Following a couple of weeks on proposals and issues in language classification, we will concentrate on the linguistic characteristics of 3 language families: Salish (e.g. www.washington.edu /students/icd/S/ling/455sharon.html   (149 words)

Ethnologue report for USA Of those, 162 are living languages, 3 are second language without mother-tongue speakers, and 73 are extinct. Tactile Sign Language is used by over 900 persons in Louisiana who know ASL, but have lost their sight from a generic cause: Usher's Syndrome. Dialects: The early sign language was based on a regional one in Weald, England, where the deaf persons' ancestors had lived. www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=USA   (4325 words)

Syntactic Typology: Studies in the Phenomenology of Language. Appendix A: References Syntactic Typology: Studies in the Phenomenology of Language. In Languages of Cape York, edited by P. Sutton. A Structural Principle of Language and Its Implications. www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/books/typeA.html   (1111 words)

American Indian Languages: Cultural and Social Contexts [There are] no less than 160 languages or language families of North and South America on which substantive information is given, from Inuit to Araucanian and from Eyak to Creek. Their text reveals the linguistic richness of languages found throughout the Americas, emphasizing those located in the western United States and Mexico, while drawing on a wide range of other examples found from Canada to the Andes. American Indian Languages: Cultural and Social Contexts is a comprehensive resource that will serve as a text in undergraduate and lower-level graduate courses on Native American languages and provide a useful reference for students of American Indian literature or general linguistics. www.uapress.arizona.edu /books/BID1066.htm   (397 words)

December 2003 Columns Magazine Feature: Keeping Their Words Members of the Muckleshoot Tribe, the Starrs are "students and teachers of the Whulshoutseed language," one of many branches of the Sahaptian language family spoken by Pacific Northwest tribes. If that's true, then the disappearance of the Muckleshoot language as well as many other Native American languages is a case of cultural identity theft. In fact, had the cultures and languages he studied not been threatened with extinction, his work would not be nearly so important. www.washington.edu /alumni/columns/dec03/languages03.html   (964 words)

Linguistic classification of american indians Language classification proposed by Charles F. and Florence M. Voegelin (1966) means a unique language with few or no elements in common with other languages Language families proposed by Campbell and Mithun (1979) hjem.tele2adsl.dk /johnmadsen/Indian/indian0.html   (159 words)

KU ScholarWorks: Item 1808/511 Evidence for the genetic relationship between Klamath and Sahaptian is growing. But it is not only in core lexical material that Klamath and Sahaptian are related. The purpose of this paper is to show that these languages also share enough grammatical morphology to make a convincing case by itself. kuscholarworks.ku.edu /dspace/handle/1808/511   (113 words)

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