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	Sahel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sahel (from Arabic ساحل, sahil, shore, border or coast of the Sahara desert) is the boundary zone in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the more fertile region to the south, known as the Sudan (not to be confused with the country of the same name).
		The Sahel is primarily savanna and runs from the Atlantic Ocean to the Horn of Africa, changing from semi-arid grasslands to thorn savanna.
		Traditionally, most of the people in the Sahel have been semi-nomads, farming and raising cattle in a system of transhumance, which is probably the most sustainable way of utilizing the Sahel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sahel (591 words)

	Africa - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Africa is thus composed of two segments at right angles, the northern running from east to west, the southern from north to south, the subordinate lines corresponding in the main to these two directions.
		Africa is home to the oldest inhabited territory on earth, with the human race originating from this continent.
		In South Africa, which was unique in having a significant number of European settlers, English and Afrikaans are the native languages of a significant portion of the population.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/f/r/Africa.html (4105 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Sahel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The term was first used as a phyto-geographical term, referring to the band of land between 75 and 450 isohyets (bands of precipitation).
		The countries of the Sahel today include Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia.
		The two largest determinants of land productivity in the Sahel are water and micro-nutrients, mostly nitrogen and phosphate.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Sahel (531 words)

	Sahel Africa
		Sahel Africa is a wide stretch of land running from the Atlantic ocean to the African "Horn", an area that contains the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia.
		The Sahel area is a predominately sparse savanna vegetation of grasses and shrubs.
		With the Sahel region becoming slowly more arid, the chronic instability of the environment, and livestock populations rising, it is difficult to develop the area, and a traditional way of living prevails.
	maps.unomaha.edu /Peterson/funda/Notes/Notes_Exam4/Sahel.html (995 words)

	Learn more about Sahel in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Sahel (from Arabic for shore or border) is the boundary zone in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the more fertile region to the south, known as the Sudan (not to be confused with the country of the same name).
		The Sahel is primarily savanna and runs from the Atlantic Ocean to the Horn of Africa.
		The countries of the Sahel include Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/sa/sahel.html (239 words)

	sahel.htm
		It is a description of conditions in that part of Africa known as the Sahel, at the peak of the drought and famine of the 1980s.
		The Sahel, an Arabic word meaning border or shore, is a region of Africa which extends from the Atlantic Ocean on the west through Sudan to the Indian Ocean on the east, in an band of about 200 to 700 miles in width and about 3000 miles long.
		Population in the Sahel has jumped from 19 million in 1961 to 30 million in 1980 and is estimated to be at 50 million by 2000.
	www.frontiernet.net /~mmulford/sahel.htm (6812 words)

	Causation and Climate in African History
		For Africa, concern over climate’s historical role emerged as an immediate response to contemporary crises of drought in the 1968-72 drought in the African Sahel, Ethiopia’s twin famines in the 1972-74 and 1984-86 periods and again in the 1980s, and following the extended drought in southern Africa in the mid-1980s.
		In Africa’s case the approach to climatic data, human/environmental interaction with climate, and basic issues of methodology began with a false start and a basic misunderstanding of the distinction between a history of climate crises, and more fundamental causal relationships between climate and human activity.
		The winds which bring moisture to Africa north of the equator move in patterns from south to the north of the equator with the rotation of the earth toward the sun in the summer months (June to September).
	www.h-net.org /~environ/historiography/africa.htm (8055 words)

	USAID CP FY97 - Sahel Regional
		The Sahel Regional Program complements USAID's bilateral programs in West Africa by supporting intra-regional dialogue and agreements to foster economic growth, democratization and food security that are beyond the scope of bilateral efforts but vital to sustainable economic and social progress in the region.
		The Sahel Regional Program is structured to advance this process, which will be sustained in the transition to the broader, West Africa regional strategy, which USAID will develop during 1996 and 1997.
		The Club du Sahel is supported in its collaborative activities with the CILSS to foster dialogue by France, Germany, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, Japan and the United States.
	www.usaid.gov /pubs/cp97/afr/sahel.htm (4175 words)

	AFRICA - Explore the Regions - Sahel
		Anarrow band of semi-arid land south of the Sahara, the Sahel attracted both Arabs looking for gold from Sudan and Europeans looking for slaves from West Africa.
		In the 1970s, the Sahel captured international attention when drought and famine killed nearly 200,000 people.
		To ease the strain, the Sahel's land must be restored, international development agencies believe.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/africa/explore/sahel/sahel_overview_lo.html (242 words)

	Sahel Land Use
		The Sahel region of West Africa is endowed with a highly diverse, yet fragile environment.
		The objective is to characterize land use and land cover trends using historical and current satellite imagery and supporting ground information from three points in time (1965, 1985, and 2000), and to better understand the socioeconomic and biophysical factors driving the trends.
		The activity also fits within the objectives of CILSS (Comité Inter-Etat de Lutte Contre la Sécheresse au Sahel) to assure improved food security and rational management of natural resources within a framework of regional integration and sustainable development.
	edcintl.cr.usgs.gov /sahel.html (526 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - End of Sahel Drought May Mean More U.S. Hurricanes
		DAKAR -- Signs a three-decade long drought in Africa's arid Sahel belt may be ending could herald an increase in hurricanes battering the eastern seaboard of the United States, a leading climatologist in West Africa said.
		The Sahel, a semi-desert zone which separates the Sahara from Africa's more tropical regions around the Equator, has been gripped by the worst drought in modern history since the 1970s.
		While data suggests that rainfall over the Sahel appears to be rising in recent years, it remains premature to herald the end of the drought, Gaye said.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/325914/end_of_sahel_drought_may_mean_more_us_hurricanes/index.html?source=r_science (454 words)

	Sahel Land Use Info Sheet
		The Sahel Land Use and Land Cover Project began as a series of four case studies to map and monitor trends in local areas in Burkina, The Gambia, Mali, and Niger, and to study the driving factors of change.
		During this earlier stage, a strong partnership was formed between the EROS Data Center, the Regional AGRHYMET Center in Niamey, national AGRHYMET partners, and INSAH in Bamako.
		The next step is to interpret the resulting trends in land use and land cover from the time-series analysis in terms of implications for environmental stability, food security, socioeconomic well-being, and to shed light on future trends.
	edcintl.cr.usgs.gov /sahelinfosheet.html (1045 words)

	USAID CP FY2000: Sahel Regional Program
		The Sahel Regional Program supports U.S. interests in improving living standards for the poor by increasing food security, thereby reducing the need for costly emergency assistance programs; by promoting political stability; and by encouraging market-oriented development.
		Specific approaches to promoting democracy in Sahelian West Africa include strengthening the advocacy and organizational capacity of civil society groups and supporting opportunities to exchange ideas and experiences particularly on decentralization and the appropriate roles of different levels of government and civil society.
		Summary: The purpose of this activity is to improve trade and investment in Sahel West Africa by strengthening African leadership and intraregional cooperation in defining trade and investment policy and regulation in the region.
	www.usaid.gov /pubs/cp2000/afr/sahel.html (4197 words)

	Wet or dry? Sahel's uncertain future - SciDev.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The region suffered severe drought during the second half of the 20th century, and the famine it caused is thought to have claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and affected millions more.
		But in late 2005, Isaac Held of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration published the results of a new climate model that suggested that, far from becoming wetter, the Sahel faces a period of "dramatic drying" if greenhouse gas emissions are not checked (see Climate model refutes predictions of wetter Sahel).
		But in the Sahel it is not a simple case of scale and governments are left with little indication of whether to prepare for more or less rain.
	www.scidev.net /content/features/eng/wet-or-dry-sahels-uncertain-future.cfm (1291 words)

	Political Islam in West Africa and the Sahel Military Review - Find Articles
		The arc begins in South Africa, where there are substantial numbers of Muslims of South-Asian and Southeast-Asian origin, and stretches toward the northeast, touching Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, and Eritrea.
		Within the Sahel, North and West are fluid concepts that often converge.
		Communication between North Africa, the Sahel, and West Africa has occurred from at least the 8th century, when merchants in gold, salt, and slaves opened trade routes there.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PBZ/is_1_86/ai_n16346154 (915 words)

	Sahel and West Africa Club:Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Since 2005, the Sahel and West Africa Club’s Strategy and Policy Group, the equivalent of its Board of Directors, meets twice per year: in November, in Paris, on the Club’s ongoing and future initiatives and its financial resources; and in June, in a West African capital around another important Club event.
		The idea for the Forum originated within the framework of the workshop, Capitalising on Endogenous Capacities for Conflict Prevention and Governance in West Africa, held in Conakry, Guinea, in March 2005.
		The Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat is pleased to announce the appointment of Mr.
	www.oecd.org /sah (531 words)

	AFRICA: THE ART OF A CONTINENT: Sahel and Savanna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Between the Sahara desert and the rain forests near the western African coast lie the Sahel and the Savanna.
		The term sahel is Arabic for "shore"-it is the southern boundary of the Sahara desert, which was likened to a sea.
		Beginning in the seventh century, traders from the north brought Islam and literacy, which had great impact on traditional beliefs and paved the way for jihads (holy wars) across much of the Savanna.
	www.artnetweb.com /guggenheim/africa/sahelsav.html (386 words)

	IRIN-West Africa: Sahel report, 30.7.98
		The source told IRIN that most Sahel countries were suffering from a chronic cereal deficit, which was now compounded by arid climatic conditions and rapidly advancing desertification.
		Meanwhile an official of the African food monitoring body, the Inter-state Committee for Combatting Drought in the Sahel (CILSS), told IRIN on Thursday that Senegal, The Gambia and Mali had received late and uneven rainfalls forcing farmers to plant several times for lack of rain.
		Climate predictions for July to September 1998 seemed to be fairly favourable in the Sahel.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Newsletters/irinw_73098.html (640 words)

	ActionAid USA :: African Famine
		Several Sahel West African countries remain in dire need of humanitarian assistance to overcome last year’s shortfall of food until this spring’s harvest.
		Niger is the worst hit country in the Sahel, but Burkina Faso, Mali and Mauritania are also severely affected by food shortages.
		West Africa’s food crisis was triggered by drought, conflict, and locust plague, yet specific food policies, championed by international financial institutions, have left people particularly vulnerable and unable to prevent food shortages.
	www.actionaidusa.org /african_famine_sahel.php (461 words)

	SABCnews.com - africa/north_africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A "lean season" of food shortages is starting earlier than usual across Africa's parched Sahel belt despite a good harvest, the World Food Programme (WFP) said today, reviving painful memories of a food crisis in 2005.
		Every year, millions of people across the Sahel region - which runs just south of the Sahara desert endure a precarious few months between the exhaustion of meagre food stocks and the new harvest.
		The Sahel arid region running from Mauritania on the Atlantic coast to Chad in central Africa is in the grip of a three-decade drought the worst in recorded history.
	www.sabcnews.com /africa/north_africa/0,2172,127564,00.html (406 words)

	Scoop: Solution to hunger in Africa’s Sahel region sought
		In a bid to tackle the underlying causes of hunger in Africa’s Sahel region, where a majority of the 68-million strong population are malnourished or constantly threatened by famine, the United Nations today brought together representatives of 11 countries for a two-day meeting to draft a long-term action plan.
		Specialized UN agencies such as the World Food Programme (WFP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the UN Development Porgramme (UNDP), regional and non-government organizations (NGOs), and international aid bodies from France, Germany, Italy, the European Union and the United States, among others, are taking part.
		Since 1972, the Sahel countries - Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal - have suffered acute food crises about every 10 years, endangering the lives and health of the population and impeding development.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/WO0603/S00302.htm (489 words)

	African Studies Center \| K-12 Guide, Environment
		These services cover climate time-scales ranging from weeks to seasons, extending into the future as far as technically feasible, and over the domain of land, ocean, and atmosphere, extending into the stratosphere.
		EcoNews Africa is an NGO initiative that analyses global environment and development issues from an African perspective and reports on local, national, and regional activities that contribute to global solutions.
		The ICFR is located on the campus of the University of Natal in Pietermaritzburg.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /K-12/menu_EduENVR.html (259 words)

	CNN.com - Leaders from Africa's arid Sahel region meet - November 25, 2000
		BAMAKO, Mali (Reuters) -- Leaders from Africa's arid Sahel region held a summit in Mali on Saturday, with crop shortages and ways of promoting lasting development on the agenda, officials said.
		Gambian President Yahya Jammeh handed over the chairmanship of the CILSS interstate committee for the fight against drought in the Sahel to Malian President Alpha Oumar Konare.
		In the past, this has caused pockets of malnutrition in the expanding Sahel belt, which runs across Africa between its northern deserts and the forests to the south.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/africa/11/25/africa.sahel.reut/index.html (257 words)

	Fact Sheet - Sahel Regional Program
		A key objective of the effort is to identify areas where strategic actions by governments, the private sector, and donors can augment the positive effects and limit the negative impacts of the devaluation on food security and income growth.
		Regional Workshop on "Revitalizing Agricultural Research in the Sahel"; sponsored by the Special Program for African Agricultural Research (SPAAR) of the World Bank, and organized by SPAAR and the Institute of the Sahel (CILSS), Bamako, Mali; 6-11 January, 1991 (Dioné).
		Participated in the INSAH/PRISAS regional workshop on the impact of the devaluation of the CFA franc on income and food security in West Africa, and worked with the PRISAS in-country team to plan 1995-96 country studies of the impact of the devaluation on income, investment and consumption in West Africa.
	www.aec.msu.edu /agecon/fs2/fact/idwp54i.htm (11720 words)

	Aljazeera.Net - Africa's Sahel turning greener (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Climate change in Africa has affected the Gulf of Mexico
		Intriguingly, he said research done more than a decade ago linked a wetter Sahel to increased hurricane activity in the
		The Sahel is a transition zone between the arid Sahara to the north and the wetter more tropical areas in
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/3C0CBC3F-9A5B-4F87-9640-3E53ADB84D24.htm (263 words)

	SAHEL and Burkina Faso links
		Region of Africa, and its Dependence on Soil Type.
		Survival in the Sahel, An ecological and developmental challenge
		Sahel Drought may not be the fault of man (Jonathan Holmes, NERC)
	www.itc.nl /~bakker/sahel.html (1194 words)

	Africa: Sahel Food Crisis- Canadian Red Cross
		Food Crisis in the Sahel Region of Africa: helping the most vulnerable (PDF, 53kb)
		The Sahel region in Africa has experienced the worst locust invasion in 20 years.
		Sahel operation: Red Cross Red Crescent to expand its emergency response
	www.redcross.ca /main.asp?id=014099 (448 words)

	Fact Sheet - SAHEL REGIONAL PROGRAM
		Presentation by Bakary Kante on impact of the CFA franc devaluation on the trade of livestock in West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
		Presentation by Yade on impact of the CFA franc devaluation on the livestock subsector in West Africa, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
		Regional Workshop on Revitalizing Agricultural Research in the Sahel, sponsored by the Special Program for African Agricultural Research (SPAAR) of the World Bank, and organized by SPAAR and the Institute of the Sahel (CILSS), 6-11 January, Bamako, Mali (Dioné).
	www.aec.msu.edu /agecon/fs2/fact/sahelregionalfact.htm (11296 words)

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