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Topic: Sahelanthropus

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Sahelanthropus tchadensis

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Hominidae

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Evolution of Homo sapiens

Paranthropus

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	Sahelanthropus tchadensis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sahelanthropus tchadensis is a fossil ape originally classified as the oldest possible member of the human family tree, but more recently as a Miocene ape related to humans and living African apes, thought to have lived approximately 7 million years ago.
		The braincase suggests a chimpanzee-like intelligence, being only 340 cc to 360 cc in volume, but the teeth are closer to those of humans, and the face includes brow ridges—a human feature not found on any other living great ape.
		The fossil skull TH 266, nicknamed "Toumaï" ("hope of life" in the local Goran language of Chad), may be a common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees; most molecular clocks suggest humans and chimps diverged 1–2 million years after S.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sahelanthropus (589 words)

	Sahelanthropus tchadensis - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an extinct 7 million year old species of hominid.
		Sahelanthropus had relatively small canines and thicker layers of tooth enamel than most apes, suggesting a mainly herbivorous diet.
		The cranium showed that the Sahelanthropus brain was closer in size to those of modern chimpanzees than that of modern Humans, at 320 to 380 cubic centemetres.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Sahelanthropus (314 words)

	new fossil may revise the timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Another important issue that Sahelanthropus raises pertains to the process of human evolution: whether humans evolved by way of a linear progression of intermediate types, or was more complicated, a tangle of evolutionary branches out of which the human line emerged.
		In his article in Nature, Brunet comments: "Sahelanthropus is the oldest and most primitive known member of the hominid clade, close to the divergence of hominids and chimpanzees.
		Sahelanthropus could be a direct human ancestor, or an extinct Miocene ape that has left no descendants.
	www.bigfootencounters.com /hominids/newfossil.htm (1263 words)

	Sahelanthropus: the first hominid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Sahelanthropus tchadensis is the only known material evidence of the earliest phases of hominid evolution during the Late Miocene (approximately 7 my ago).
		Its reconstruction is fundamental for subsequent analyses of the phyletic relationships of Sahelanthropus with later hominids, earlier hominoids, and extant the Great Apes.
		The Sahelanthropus project of the “mission paléontologique franco-tchadienne” is led by M. Brunet (University of Poitiers, France).
	www.ifi.unizh.ch /~zolli/res_db/toumai.htm (144 words)

	TCS Daily - Your Presence Is Requested
		Sahelanthropus has a small braincase - about one-third the volume of the average modern human and similar in volume to a modern chimp's braincase - but walked upright and has a relatively unprotruding chin, making it less chimp-like and more human.
		The speculation is that Sahelanthropus may be a hominid that had just diverged from our common ancestry with chimps.
		Sahelanthropus may be related but not a direct ancestor to Homo sapiens.
	www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=081202A (787 words)

	Human Evolution - MSN Encarta
		The opening where the spinal cord attaches to the brain is tucked under the brain case, which suggests that the head was balanced on an upright body.
		It is not certain that Sahelanthropus walked bipedally, however, because bones from the rest of its skeleton have yet to be discovered.
		The Great Rift Valley and South Africa, from which almost all other discoveries of early human fossils came, are apparently not the only regions of the continent that preserve the oldest clues of human evolution.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566394_4/Human_Evolution.html (846 words)

	DARWINISM-WATCH.com - Responding Evolutionist Propaganda in the Media
		In an article on the skull entitled "New Fossil Discovery Sinks Evolutionary Theories" recently posted on the Harun Yahya website, we stated that the seven-million-year-old Sahelanthropus tchadensis, despite its advanced age, was more "human like" compared to the genus Australopithecus, which is younger and which has been presented as a primitive ancestor of humans.
		Those who made this comment on Sahelanthropus were the scientists who found this fossil and examined it, and these scientists are also proponents of evolutionary theory.
		His examination of prognathism is nothing but superimposing the outlines of Sahelanthropus on some hominid fossils, and he himself admits that "this method of comparison may be flawed" and that "the results may not be of high value."
	www.darwinism-watch.com /andya_primanda.php (3097 words)

	Scientists Clash Over Skull
		Brigette Senut, Milford Wolpoff, Martin Pickford and others argue in the journal Nature that the skull is not on the human branch of the evolutionary tree at all.
		Instead, they say, the specimen (formally classified as Sahelanthropus tchadensis) is probably that of an early gorilla or a chimpanzee, or a species that has since become extinct.
		It is the journals and the process of peer review that have to try to balance various claims and counter claims and steer the science towards a clearer understanding of the origins of the human race.
	www.history.kessler-web.co.uk /FeaturesAfrica/HominidToumai01.htm (717 words)

	Skulls Make Headlines
		At 6-7 million years, the newly found Sahelanthropus from Chad, left, is the oldest known member of the human line of the ape-human family tree.
		Brunet, who named them Sahelanthropus tchadensis, after the Sahel region where they were found, says they are from a creature in the hominid (human) line rather than that of the apes.
		Sahelanthropus also forces a rethinking of our family tree, which most scholars now view more as a "bush" with many branches.
	www.archaeology.org /0209/newsbriefs/skulls.html (523 words)

	Nature 418
		Although the Sahelanthropus cranium is considerably smaller than that of a modern male Gorilla, its supraorbital torus is relatively and absolutely thicker.
		The observed mosaic of primitive and derived characters evident in Sahelanthropus indicates its phylogenetic position as a hominid close to the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
		Sahelanthropus is the oldest and most primitive known member of the hominid clade, close to the divergence of hominids and chimpanzees.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/Secret/nature_418b.htm (3729 words)

	Facts: Sahelanthropus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The result suggests that the Sahelanthropus face is not as humanlike as HY wished; its facial prognathism falls within australopithecine range (facial protrusion is comparable to boisei and afarensis, but less pronounced than africanus).
		Therefore, if, Sahelanthropus is more humanlike than the australopiths which lived after it, that particular fossil would demolish the evolutionist scheme.
		HY failed on two counts: 1) As shown before, Sahelanthropus does not show more humanlike characteristics than australopithecines; 2) 'The evolutionist scheme', 'the ladder from ape to man' is a strawman.
	www.redrival.com /evolusi/humevol2.htm (1427 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog
		That is, a small difference in the vertical position of either basion or opisthion (the front and rear points on the foramen magnum border, respectively) will have a large effect on the angle of the line passing through these points.
		But to my eyes, the Sahelanthropus lower canine is distinct from later hominids, especially considering the prominent ridge, or shoulder, around the base of the crown.
		Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that Sahelanthropus (the genus TM 266 is attributed to) is a hominid by examining features of the canine and of the cranial base that are said to reflect canine reduction and change of function, and upright posture and bipedal locomotion.
	johnhawks.net /weblog/fossils/sahelanthropus (2520 words)

	'Astonishing' skull unearthed in Africa - single post for printer
		The remarkable and momentous discovery of the 7-million-years-old Chad skull ("Sahelanthropus tchadensis") sheds new light on the present Phillies' ownership.
		The latest evidence to shatter the evolutionary theory's claim about the origin of man is the new fossil Sahelanthropus tchadensis unearthed in the Central African country of Chad in the summer of 2002.
		Hurriyet Science disregards cunningly the problems the age of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil poses for the evolution theory.
	www.abovetopsecret.com /forum/single.php?post=845582 (620 words)

	blivet radio
		Named Sahelanthropus, the new species is close to the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
		Sahelanthropus shows the last common ancestor "did not closely resemble any modern ape," said Tim White of the University of California at Berkeley.
		Although its body and brain were the size of a modern chimp's, its face was quite different, with large brow ridges and much smaller canine teeth.
	radio.weblogs.com /0100699/categories/myProfession/2002/07/10.html (228 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog : Sahelanthropus :: introduction
		At around 7 million years, the remains from Toros-Menalla are not only older than any East African hominid fossil, they are twice the age of any other hominids known from outside East Africa.
		The team called the discovery Sahelanthropus tchadensis, a name that emphasizes the hypothesis that the remains represent the earliest known hominids.
		The foramen magnum position of the specimen is not outside the range of chimpanzee variation, while the long and flat nuchal plane is inclined to a degree seen only in gorillas.
	johnhawks.net /weblog/fossils/sahelanthropus/sahelanthropus.html (556 words)

	Sahelanthropus tchadensis: More Likely Human
		The near-complete skull, pieces of jawbone and several teeth unveiled in 2002 were found in the desert of northern Chad by a team led by Michel Brunet, at the University of Poitiers, France.
		At six to seven million years old, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, (better known by its nickname Toumaï), dates to about the time where, according to genetic data, the ancestors of humans and the ancestors of chimpanzees went their separate evolutionary ways.
		The find had a puzzling combination of modern and primitive features, with an ape-like brain size and skull shape, combined with a more human-like face and teeth.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/FeaturesAfrica/HominidToumai02.htm (571 words)

	Untangling Ancient Roots: Earliest hominid shows new, improved face: Science News Online, April 9, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Two new lines of evidence bolster the claim that the oldest known member of the human-evolutionary family lived in central Africa between 6 million and 7 million years ago.
		The new fossils cement Sahelanthropus' position as a hominid that lived shortly after modern humans' evolutionary family diverged from chimpanzee ancestors, the scientists argue in the April 7 Nature.
		Only further discoveries can establish whether Sahelanthropus represented a separate genus or belonged to a previously identified group of nearly 6-million-year-old African hominids dubbed Ardipithecus, he says.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20050409/fob1.asp (642 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Early Ancestors Come Together (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Previous fossil finds from the same genus had suggested that the hominids called kadabba were instead a subspecies of the only other known Ardipithecus species, Ardipithecus ramidus (SN: 7/14/01, p.
		Michel Brunet of the University of Poitiers in France led the team that discovered remains of Sahelanthropus.
		For now, "it's clearly not possible to say that Ardipithecus and Sahelanthropus are the same genus," he says.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=48789 (539 words)

	Chad Man
		Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an enigmatic new Miocene species, whose characteristics are a mix of those of apes and Homo erectus and which has been proclaimed by Brunet et al.
		In simple English, they said that the teeth and facial features were claimed to be evidence that this skull came from a creature that was intermediate between apes and humans.
		We believe that Sahelanthropus was an ape living in an environment that was later inhabited by australopithecines and, like them, it adapted with a powerful masticatory complex.
	www.ridgenet.net /~do_while/sage/v7i1n.htm (1406 words)

	Early Hominid Evolution: Discovery of Early Hominids
		Sahelanthropus was the earliest, dating 7-6 million years ago.
		At present, the vote is still out as to whether any of these three primates were in fact true hominids.
		The earliest australopithecines very likely did not evolve until 5 million years ago or shortly thereafter (during the beginning of the Pliocene Epoch) in East Africa.
	anthro.palomar.edu /hominid/australo_1.htm (2540 words)

	CNN.com - Ancient skull challenges human origins - July 10, 2002
		Detailed study of the fossil shows a braincase that is ape-like, while the face is short and the teeth look like those of a human.
		Toumai is so unlike fossils that currently exist that it is being assigned a new genus and a new species, Sahelanthropus tchadensis.
		The discovery raises several new questions, said Brunet, and indicates the divergence between chimps and humans must have occurred earlier than currently believed.
	www.cnn.com /2002/TECH/science/07/10/ancient.skull/index.html (725 words)

	Computer-assisted reconstruction of the Sahelanthropus early hominid remains
		Computer-assisted reconstruction of the Sahelanthropus early hominid remains
		The Sahelanthropus fossils from the Upper Miocene of Chad (~ 7 million years) represent the earliest known hominid.
		This research project focuses on CT-based analysis, computer-assisted preparation, virtual reconstruction and morphometric analysis of the craniomandibular remains.
	www.research-projects.unizh.ch /p3645.htm (185 words)

	Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers -- Implications of the Sahelanthropus Tchadensis (Toumai) Discovery
		The discovery was led by anthropologist Michel Brunet from the University of Poitiers in France.
		The find was named Sahelanthropus tchadensis and is nicknamed “Toumai” which means “hope of life” in an African language.
		Failure to enforce any provision of this agreement or the Terms does not constitute a waiver for future enforcement of said Terms or terms of this agreement.
	www.123helpme.com /preview.asp?id=22147 (1627 words)

	Earliest hominid discovery; Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Haile-Selassie and his colleagues concluded, “Given the limited data currently available, it is possible that all of these remains represent specific or sub specific variations within a single genus” (Wilford 2004).
		says that if Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, and Ardipithecus belonged to a common genus, ‘[he] would not be surprised’ ” (Bower 2004).
		White, one of the most experienced paleoanthropologists states, “These earliest hominids are very, very similar.
	www.priweb.org /ed/ICTHOL/ICTHOL04papers/78.htm (1097 words)

	Toumai ‘ape-man’ suffers another blow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
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		Senut is joined by fellow evolutionary paleoanthropologists Martin Pickford, Milford Wolpoff and others in arguing strongly that the skull is not on the human line at all (see Debate continues over ancient skull, based on Wolpoff et al.
		They say it is from an early gorilla or chimp, or a similar now-extinct species.
	www.answersingenesis.org /docs2002/1012toumai.asp (847 words)

	Biofundamentals - Ancestors, analogies and homologies
		In this scheme, each organism has a unique genus and a species name, such as Sahelanthropus tchadensi (both are italicized and the species name is not capitalized).
		The organism is also placed in the classification hierarchy.
		So Sahelanthropus tchadensi has been placed in the Kingdom of Animals, the Phylum of Chordates, the Class Mammalia, and the Order Primate (as are human beings!)
	ircamera.as.arizona.edu /NatSci102/images/convergent.htm (674 words)

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