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Topic: Sahelanthropus tchadensis

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	Sahelanthropus tchadensis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an early fossil hominid, approximately 7 million years old from the Miocene.
		tchadensis is the oldest known human ancestor after the split of our line from that of chimpanzees.
		The fossil skull, nicknamed "Toumaï" ("hope of life" in the local Goran language of Chad), may be a common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, though unlikely to be the most recent common ancestor, as evidence from the molecular clocks suggest humans and chimps diverged 1-2 million years after S.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sahelanthropus_tchadensis (337 words)

	Sahelanthropus tchadensis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The braincase suggests a chimpanzee, but the teeth are closer to those of humans, and the face includes brow ridges, a human feature not found on any living (Any of the large anthropoid apes of the family Pongidae) great ape.
		The point at the back of the skull where the neck muscles attach ((Process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull) mastoid process) suggests that this species (The act of walking somewhere) walked upright.
		The bones were found in (A family of Afroasiatic tonal languages (mostly two tones) spoken in the regions west and south of Lake Chad in north central Africa) Chad, far from most previous hominid fossil finds, i.e.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/sahelanthropus_tchadensis.htm (296 words)

	Sahelanthropus tchadensis - EvoWiki
		Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an extinct 7 million year old species of hominid.
		Sahelanthropus had relatively small canines and thicker layers of tooth enamel than most apes, suggesting a mainly herbivorous diet.
		The cranium showed that the Sahelanthropus brain was closer in size to those of modern chimpanzees than that of modern Humans, at 320 to 380 cubic centemetres.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Sahelanthropus_tchadensis (314 words)

	Paleoanthropology Hominids Early Chronology - Wikibooks
		Fossils of Sahelanthropus tchadensis (6-7 million years) and Orrorin tugenensis (6 million years), discovered in 2001 and 2000 respectively, are still a matter of debate.
		The discoveries of Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Orrorin tugenensis, and A.
		When we say that Sahelanthropus tchadensis is the earliest hominid, we mean that it is the oldest fossil that is classified with humans in the family Hominidae.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Paleoanthropology_EarlyHominds_Chronology (1534 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog : Thoughts on the Sahelanthropus reconstruction
		That is, a small difference in the vertical position of either basion or opisthion (the front and rear points on the foramen magnum border, respectively) will have a large effect on the angle of the line passing through these points.
		tchadensis shares major derived features with other recognized hominids that are consistent with its position in the hominid clade, close to the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans.
		But to my eyes, the Sahelanthropus lower canine is distinct from later hominids, especially considering the prominent ridge, or shoulder, around the base of the crown.
	www.johnhawks.net /weblog/fossils/sahelanthropus/sahel_reconstruction_2005.html (1428 words)

	Sahelanthropus: the first hominid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Sahelanthropus tchadensis is the only known material evidence of the earliest phases of hominid evolution during the Late Miocene (approximately 7 my ago).
		Its reconstruction is fundamental for subsequent analyses of the phyletic relationships of Sahelanthropus with later hominids, earlier hominoids, and extant the Great Apes.
		The Sahelanthropus project of the “mission paléontologique franco-tchadienne” is led by M. Brunet (University of Poitiers, France).
	www.ifi.unizh.ch /~zolli/res_db/toumai.htm (144 words)

	TCS: Tech Central Station - Your Presence Is Requested (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sahelanthropus has a small braincase - about one-third the volume of the average modern human and similar in volume to a modern chimp's braincase - but walked upright and has a relatively unprotruding chin, making it less chimp-like and more human.
		The speculation is that Sahelanthropus may be a hominid that had just diverged from our common ancestry with chimps.
		Sahelanthropus may be related but not a direct ancestor to Homo sapiens.
	www.techcentralstation.com /081202A.html (770 words)

	More Evidence of Skull's Link to Humans
		The new work also offers tantalizing clues that this extremely early human, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, may have already been walking upright -- though a definitive answer to that important question will probably have to await the discovery of a leg or hip bone.
		tchadensis was really an early human or belonged on the branch of the family tree that led to modern apes instead, the new evidence "clearly follows the hominids, and pulls away from the chimps and gorillas," Fleagle said.
		The initial find of the skull, along with two lower jaw fragments and three teeth, was reported in July 2002 by Michel Brunet of the University of Poitiers in France and his colleagues.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/04/06/AR2005040601782_pf.html (909 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive.
		FOSSIL stands for Fido Opus Seadog Standard Interface Layer and was made by a group of Fidonet sysops to make their software work on different machines.
		Walking is the main form of animal locomotion on land, distinguished from running and crawling.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sahelanthropus-tchadensis (983 words)

	New fossil may revise the timeline for hominid evolution
		The fossil—nicknamed Toumai or “hope of life” in the Goran language of southern Chad—has been given the scientific (Genus, species) name Sahelanthropus tchadensis, since it was discovered in the sahel, a semiarid region of central and west Africa that separates the Sahara from the more southerly tropical forests.
		Another important issue that Sahelanthropus raises pertains to the process of human evolution: whether humans evolved by way of a linear progression of intermediate types, or was more complicated, a tangle of evolutionary branches out of which the human line emerged.
		Sahelanthropus could be a direct human ancestor, or an extinct Miocene ape that has left no descendants.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2002/aug2002/foss-a14_prn.shtml (1114 words)

	Nature 418
		tchadensis cranium for comparative purposes are to be found in the face, which shows a mosaic of primitive and derived features.
		The observed mosaic of primitive and derived characters evident in Sahelanthropus indicates its phylogenetic position as a hominid close to the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
		Sahelanthropus is the oldest and most primitive known member of the hominid clade, close to the divergence of hominids and chimpanzees.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/Secret/nature_418b.htm (3729 words)

	Science Show - 13/7/2002: Toumai - The Hope of Life
		Brunet and his colleagues are convinced that Sahelanthropus is a very early member of the human line; I am not so convinced, but about its extraordinary importance there is no doubt at all.
		The form of the lower margin of the nasal aperture seems to be like that seen in chimpanzees and humans, not the primitive type seen in gorillas.
		If Sahelanthropus really is a member of the human line, then it pushes back our ancestors’ split from chimpanzee ancestors by at least 2 million years.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ss/stories/s605001.htm (731 words)

	blivet radio
		Named Sahelanthropus, the new species is close to the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
		Sahelanthropus shows the last common ancestor "did not closely resemble any modern ape," said Tim White of the University of California at Berkeley.
		Although its body and brain were the size of a modern chimp's, its face was quite different, with large brow ridges and much smaller canine teeth.
	halrager.org /blivetradio/2002/07/10.html (326 words)

	Nature 418
		tchadensis that point to its being a hominid, at (or at least close to) the base of the modern human clade.
		tchadensis as a hominid at the base, or stem, of the modern human clade, then it plays havoc with the tidy model of human origins.
		tchadensis is just the tip of an iceberg of taxonomic diversity during hominid evolution 5—7 million years ago.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/Secret/nature_418.htm (1896 words)

	Steve Quayle News Alerts
		Sahelanthropus tchadensis, as the find has been named, may turn out to be a direct human ancestor or it may prove to be a member of a side branch of our family tree.
		The Sahelanthropus has been nicknamed Toumai, a name often given to children born in the dry season in Chad.
		Sahelanthropus tchadensis, to give Toumai its scientific name, had a mixture of features.
	stevequayle.com /Giants/Ancient.Civ_Technol/020710.Skull.found.Africa.html (893 words)

	Skulls Make Headlines
		At 6-7 million years, the newly found Sahelanthropus from Chad, left, is the oldest known member of the human line of the ape-human family tree.
		Brunet, who named them Sahelanthropus tchadensis, after the Sahel region where they were found, says they are from a creature in the hominid (human) line rather than that of the apes.
		Sahelanthropus also forces a rethinking of our family tree, which most scholars now view more as a "bush" with many branches.
	www.archaeology.org /0209/newsbriefs/skulls.html (500 words)

	More clues to human ancestor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The researchers argued that the creature, which they dubbed Sahelanthropus tchadensis, belongs on the human branch and thus is the oldest known hominid.
		Many scientists now think S. tchadensis was probably a hominid, and more evidence appears in today's issue of the journal Nature.
		A big question is whether S. tchadensis walked upright, because that's a key characteristic of hominids.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/05097/484182.stm (318 words)

	DARWINISM-WATCH.com - Responding Evolutionist Propaganda in the Media
		Firstly this fossil was not discovered in East Africa's Rift Valley in Ethiopia as it claims, but the Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil was found 1500km to the west from there in Chad.
		Evolutionists were forced by the discovery of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil to admit the collapse of the evolution tree they had barely managed to keep alive and also that the missing link idea was only a tall tale.
		Hurriyet Science disregards cunningly the problems the age of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil poses for the evolution theory.
	www.darwinism-watch.com /die_zeit_030329.php (1794 words)

	Islam and Muslims Contemporary Issues - Evolution verse Creation - Response to Andya Primanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Primanda, in his response to us, rejected our interpretation and throughout his article, he claimed that Sahelanthropus was more "ape like" than Australopithecus in every respect.
		Those who made this comment on Sahelanthropus were the scientists who found this fossil and examined it, and these scientists are also proponents of evolutionary theory.
		And this confirms what we have been arguing from the very beginning, that is that Sahelanthropus, despite being older than Australopithecus, had more modern features, and therefore an evolutionary chart based on these features cannot be formed.
	islamic-paths.org /Home/English/Issues/Evolution_Creation/Response.htm (3179 words)

	Toumai Skull Africa fossil discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The specimen, a new species of archaic human being, or hominid, has been nicknamed Toumai, a local name meaning "hope of life", which is normally given to children born shortly before the dry season.
		Its scientific name is Sahelanthropus tchadensis, after the Sahel region and the country in which it was found.
		Toumai is the most important fossil discovery to date, rivalling the discovery of the first 'ape-man', Australopithecus africanus, which founded the science of paleoanthropology.
	www.bradshawfoundation.com /chad.html (805 words)

	Virtual cranial reconstruction of Sahelanthropus tchadensis : Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Of this material, the cranium is especially important for testing hypotheses about the systematics and behavioural characteristics of this species, but is partly distorted from fracturing, displacement and plastic deformation.
		tchadensis might have been an upright biped, suggesting that bipedalism was present in the earliest known hominids, and probably arose soon after the divergence of the chimpanzee and human lineages.
		Sahelanthropus tchadensis &author=Christoph P. Zollikofer, Marcia S. Ponce de Le[oacute]n, Daniel E. Lieberman, Franck Guy, David Pilbeam et al.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/nature03397 (249 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog : Sahelanthropus :: introduction
		At around 7 million years, the remains from Toros-Menalla are not only older than any East African hominid fossil, they are twice the age of any other hominids known from outside East Africa.
		The team called the discovery Sahelanthropus tchadensis, a name that emphasizes the hypothesis that the remains represent the earliest known hominids.
		The foramen magnum position of the specimen is not outside the range of chimpanzee variation, while the long and flat nuchal plane is inclined to a degree seen only in gorillas.
	www.johnhawks.net /weblog/fossils/sahelanthropus/sahelanthropus.html (577 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Scientists clash over skull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Brigette Senut, Milford Wolpoff, Martin Pickford and others argue in the journal Nature that the skull is not on the human branch of the evolutionary tree at all.
		Instead, they say, the specimen (formally classified as Sahelanthropus tchadensis) is probably that of an early gorilla or a chimpanzee, or a species that has since become extinct.
		It is the journals and the process of peer review that have to try to balance various claims and counter claims and steer the science towards a clearer understanding of the origins of the human race.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2313695.stm (796 words)

	New Findings Bolster Case for Ancient Human Ancestor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At some 6 million to 7 million years old, the fossils came from around the time of a major split in the evolutionary tree, with one branch leading eventually to humans and the other branch leading to chimps.
		The researchers argued that the creature, which they dubbed Sahelanthropus tchadensis, belongs on the human branch and so is the oldest known hominid.
		Many scientists now think S. tchadensis was probably a hominid, and more evidence appears in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.
	dev.livescience.com /humanbiology/ap_050406_chad_bones.html (578 words)

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